Yog tias peb tau mob siab rau lub hauv paus ntawm Khufu, nws tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog nws, ntxiv rau txhua yam ntxiv, uas tau dhau los ua ob yam kab mob loj heev nyob rau ib zaug, uas tau txais lawv lub npe - qhov no yog pyramidomania thiab pyramidoidiocy. Thawj qhov zoo li ntws zoo mus rau qhov thib ob. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thawj, theem yooj yim dua, thiab qhov thib ob yog, ua ntej, tib neeg pom cov lus zais sau hauv Cheops pyramid, thiab qhov thib ob, lawv pom cov pyramids nyob txhua qhov chaw. Me me thiab loj, thiab txawm tias nyob ntawm lub rooj ntawm cov neeg zoo li no, tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm txawv pyramids nce. Tus kab mob no, qhov tseeb, tsis tuaj yeem kho tau. Nws tsis meej, txawm li cas los xij, vim li cas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev zais hauv ntiaj teb no tau sau rau ntawm ib lub hauv paus xwb - lub hauv paus ntawm Cheops. Tej zaum, ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim tias koj tsis xav mus rau lwm tus thaum tshav kub. Tab sis lawv kuj tseem zoo heev, txaus siab kawm.
Lub hauv paus ntawm Khafr thiab qab nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws txiv, Khufu.
Nov tsuas yog Khafre pyramid, lossis Khafre, cov neeg ncig tebchaws nyob hauv Giza feem ntau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm qhov deb, txawm hais tias Khufu lub hauv paus tsuas yog pob zeb pov tseg. Tab sis vim li cas … nws tsuas yog tus thib ob! Tab sis hais txog hnub nyoog thiab qhov loj me, nws yuav luag zoo ib yam li lub hauv paus no. Thaum lawv ua tiav nws, qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm XXVI xyoo pua BC. e., Nws qhov siab yog 143.5 meters, uas yog, tsuas yog 3.2 metres qis dua cov nyob ze Khufu pyramid. Tam sim no nws qhov siab yog 136.5 meters - tsawg dua ib lub meter tsis txaus kom ncav nws qhov siab. Qhov ntev ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hauv paus yog 215.3 m, tam sim no nws yog 210.5 m. Tab sis nws muaj qhov nqes hav ntawm cov phab ntsa (52 ° 20 '), yog li Khafre pyramid zoo li siab dua li Khufu pyramid, thiab nws tseem sawv ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm acropolis. Nce nws yog qhov nyuaj dua. Qhov tseeb yog, ze rau saum, ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag tau raug khaws cia thiab dai zoo li lub taub hau hla cov pob zeb. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj txwv tsis pub nce nws! Tsis muaj granite "pyramidion" lossis benbenet nyob rau sab saum toj ib yam - ib tus neeg xav tau pov tseg qee lub sijhawm!
Nov yog qhov no, tus coj, vim tias qhov nce mus rau sab saum toj ntawm Khafre pyramid dhau los ua lag luam txaus ntshai heev.
Sab hauv, Khafre lub hauv paus yog yooj yim heev. Tsuas muaj ob chav thiab lawv muaj ob lub qhov rooj nkag nkag: ob qho tib si nyob rau sab qaum teb, ib sab saum toj. Qhov chaw faus neeg nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus, lub qab nthab siab yog 6, 8 meters. Ntxiv mus, tsis zoo li Khufu pyramid, chav nyob hauv Khafre pyramid tau raug txiav mus rau hauv pob zeb, thiab tsuas yog nws lub vaulted qab nthab nce mus rau hauv cov pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus nws tus kheej. Lub sarcophagus hauv nws tau pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Belzoni rov qab rau xyoo 1818; nws yog ua los ntawm cov nplais zoo nkauj granite, tab sis tawg. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntxiv hauv lub hauv paus - qhov no yog lub pob zeb uas sib cog ua ke tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov khoob hauv nws tsuas yog 0.01% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim.
Noog qhov muag pom ntawm Khafre pyramid.
Lub hauv paus hu ua "Khafra the Great", uas yog, nws txaus siab rau nws. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig nws loj dua qhov loj dua li txhua lub tsev uas peb paub nyob ib puag ncig cov pyramids, uas yog hnub rov qab mus rau lub Nceeg Vaj Qub. Piv txwv li, lub tuam tsev pam tuag nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub sam thiaj yog nyob tom qab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub laj kab thiab muaj thaj tsam ntawm 145 X X45 meters. Nws nyob tsib lub tsev teev ntuj ib zaug nrog rau txoj kev hauv tsev thiab lub tshav puam loj, qhov twg 12 tus mlom ntawm Khafre tau dai kom zoo nkauj.
Pharaoh Khafre tus pej thuam. Cairo Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Egyptology.
Txoj kev zeb zeb tsib metres dav coj los ntawm lub tuam tsev sab saud no mus rau lub tuam tsev nyob ntawm tus dej nws tus kheej thiab uas nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Great Sphinx. Nyob ze muaj ib tus phooj ywg pyramid. Qhov seem me me ntawm nws, tab sis sab hauv muaj chav uas lawv pom ob peb lub hlaws uas cov tub sab tau plam thiab lub cork los ntawm lub raj mis npe Khafre.
Qhov no yog li cas cov duab hauv Khafre pyramid zoo li.
Ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus tau tshawb fawb tau zoo heev, thiab qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws, dua li cov mlom, yog qhov pom ntawm cov tsev ntawm cov kws txua khoom qub uas ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev no. Ntawm no, ntxiv mus, rov qab rau xyoo 1810, thaum tib neeg tsis xav txog ib qho kev dag ntawm qhov loj me no, lawv pom tus pej thuam Khafr, ua los ntawm diorite ntsuab ntsuab; nws piav txog nws ntawm lub zwm txwv nrog daim ntaub thaiv zoo nkauj ib txwm nyob ntawm nws lub taub hau, Uraeus nab ntawm nws lub hauv pliaj thiab cov duab ntawm Falcon zoo li vaj tswv Horus tom qab huab tais lub taub hau. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws hauv Cairo Egyptian Museum.
Qhov chaw faus nrog sarcophagus ntawm phab ntsa tom qab.
Thiab tom qab ntawd lub pyramid tau coj los ntawm tus xibfwb ntawm University of California, Louis W. Alvarez, uas tau txais khoom plig Nobel hauv physics xyoo 1968. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau tso cov txee hauv ntiaj teb tso rau hauv chav ntawm Khafre lub hauv paus txhawm rau txhawm rau thaij duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub hauv paus, kom pom chav tsis paub qhov twg ob leeg niam ntawm vaj ntxwv thiab nws cov khoom muaj peev xwm zais tau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj qhov ntxa zais cia thiab cov khoom muaj nqis hauv lub hauv paus!
Sarcophagus nrog lub hau!
Lub hauv paus thib peb - "Divine Menkaura" sawv nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Gizekh toj siab, thiab nyob deb ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm Khufu thiab Khafr, yog li tsis muaj leej twg mus rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj dab tsi txaj muag, txawm hais tias nws yog tus me tshaj ntawm peb: nws, dhau lawm, twb muaj ntau dua 4500 xyoo lawm, qhov ntev ntawm ob sab yog 108.4 X 108.4 meters, thiab qhov siab yog 62 meters. Yav dhau los, nws yog plaub metres siab dua, tab sis nws khaws ib feem ntawm lub ntsej muag, yav tas los npog nrog xuab zeb. Yog li tam sim no peb paub tias lub ntsej muag no tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb liab Aswan thiab npog lub hauv paus los yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm nws qhov siab, tom qab ntawd dawb pob zeb ntawm Tours limestone ua raws, tab sis nws sab saum toj kuj tseem liab, los ntawm tib lub granite. Nws tau pom hauv ob lub xim rov qab nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, kom txog thaum Mamluks tau sim nyiag nws. Nws ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub Gizekh pyramids.
Pyramid ntawm Pharaoh Menkaur thiab peb tus khub pyramids.
Muaj cov dab neeg, hais los ntawm Herodotus, tias muaj tus qaug cawv uas ntshai tuag, nws siv tag nrho nws lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua koob tsheej txhawm rau nthuav tawm lub sijhawm uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm txoj hmoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias nws tau kav rau 63 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kawm lub hauv paus, cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias cov neeg tsim khoom tau maj nrawm ua kom tiav, zoo li yog tias lawv tus kav yeej muaj kev xav txog nws qhov kev tuag uas yuav los. Thaum xub thawj, lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus yog li 60 X 60 meters thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag ob npaug. Txog kev tsim cov pyramid, cov pob zeb loj tau siv, thiab ntau ntxiv (!) Tshaj li tau siv hauv kev tsim cov pyramids ntawm Khufu lossis Khafr. Tab sis txij li nws xav ua kom nrawm dua, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis raug yuam kom ua tib zoo ua cov pob zeb, yog li ntawd cov masonry ntawm lub hauv paus no yog roughest. Cov neeg uas sau ntawv tias koj tsis tuaj yeem lo rab riam ntawm cov pob zeb ua masonry yuav tsum mus rau Menkaur pyramid. Thiab, thaj, kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim Menkaura tseem tsis tau nyob. Feem ntau, kev tuag hla nws thaum lub hauv paus tau ua rau qib ntawm cov pob zeb liab cladding. Nws tus ua tiav, pom tseeb, xaj kom nws ua tiav, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau siab hlob thiab xaj kom pom nws nrog cov pob zeb pheej yig. Lub tuam tsev pam tuag ntawm Menkaur, ib yam nkaus, thaum xub pib ua los ntawm pob zeb, tab sis tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau … cib. Vim li cas nws tshwm sim? Yog, yooj yim vim tias huab tais tuag yog tus them nyiaj tsis zoo! Tab sis hauv nws qhov tawg lawv pom cov ntawv sau uas tau xaj "Shepseskaph, huab tais ntawm Upper thiab Lower Egypt, rau nws txiv, vaj ntxwv ntawm Upper thiab Lower Egypt, Osiris Menkaur." Ntawd yog, Menkaur muaj tus tub zoo - ib tug devout, thiab nws hwm nws txiv, tab sis … txawm li cas los xij, nws txiav txim siab txuag nyiaj me ntsis ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pov thawj!
Qhov kev ua txhaum no txaus ntshai nyob hauv cov pyramid txawm tias nws muaj nws lub npe - Osman's Breach. Thiab nws tau tshwm sim tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, ib tus neeg hu ua Al-Malek al-Aziz Osman ben Yusuf, tus tub ntawm Salah ad-Din, thiab thawj tus neeg Sultan ntawm Egypt thiab Syria, txiav txim siab tias Great Pyramids yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem.. Zoo, Kuv pib nrog Menkaur pyramid. Nws ua haujlwm ntev thiab tseem tshuav nws "cim".
Qhov txaus siab, Menkaur pyramid tsis tau tsim rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, tab sis ntawm cov khoom siv dag uas tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb loj heev. Lub tsev faus neeg tsawg heev - tsuas yog 6.5 X 2.3 meters thiab siab 3.5 meters. Nws lub qab nthab yog ua los ntawm ob lub pob zeb, hlais hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib nrab koov, yog li yog tias koj tsis saib ze, nws zoo li nws yog lub vault. Cov pob zeb granite ntawm phab ntsa thiab txoj kev hauv tsev ua rau lub qhov ntxa muaj koob meej thiab mus rau chav rau cov tais diav faus tau ua tib zoo txhuam.
Lub tsev faus neeg thiab nws lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Thiab sarcophagus nyob hauv qab ntawm lub hiav txwv …
Tam sim no thaj tsam ib puag ncig lub hauv paus yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tuam tsev pam tuag thaum ub. Kev lig kev cai, muaj ob qho ntawm lawv thiab ob qho tib si txuas nrog los ntawm txoj kev ua los ntawm cov nplais pob zeb ci. Txoj kev muaj nees nkaum-meter qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab, thiab nws cov ciav hlau tseem pom niaj hnub no.
Kev nkag los ntawm cov tub sab raug txwv hnub no.
Zoo dua li cov tuam tsev nyob ib puag ncig lub hauv paus, nws cov pyramids tau koom nrog nyob ib sab ntawm nws, uas nyob, ib txwm, nyob rau sab qab teb sab nraum lub laj kab. Muaj peb lub pyramids nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ob qho uas tsis tiav. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog sab hnub tuaj, muaj lub hauv paus ntawm 44.3 X 44.3 meters thiab qhov siab ntawm 28.3 meters. Txawm tias cov pob zeb granite tau dim. Lwm qhov ob yog nqis rau qee qhov laj thawj, thiab qhov no yog qhov txawv heev. Tej zaum lawv tau tsim zoo li ntawd tsuas yog txhawm rau muab daim ntawv "tseeb". Xyoo 1837, tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Weiss tau pom ib lub pob zeb loj sarcophagus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ua tsis tiav hauv ib nrab, tawg ntawm lub hleb ntoo thiab tib neeg cov pob txha, thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob tsuas yog lub tsev faus tsis tiav. Txhua tus muaj lub tsev teev ntuj nco, uas yog, muaj ib lub tsev nyuaj. Nws ntseeg tias lub hauv paus ua tiav yog lub qhov ntxa rau Menkaur thawj tus poj niam. Tab sis leej twg yuav tsum tau faus rau hauv ob qho ntxiv yog leej twg qhov kev kwv yees.
Sab hauv ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov tais diav faus thiab canopic canopies - cov hlab ntsha nrog lub qhov taub ntawm tus vaj ntxwv tuag lawm tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm no.
Koj tuaj yeem nce Menkaur pyramid, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb. Thiab muaj teeb meem: vim qhov tseeb tias cov thaiv loj, koj yuav tsum rub koj tus kheej, uas yuav tsum muaj lub cev zoo. Tab sis qhov pom los ntawm sab saud yog qhov yooj yim heev. Yam txawv nws nce lub hauv paus ntawm Khafre hauv qab qhov seem ntawm cov kab dawb -dawb, thiab ntxiv mus - lub pyramid ntawm Khufu, uas yog vim li cas ob daim duab ntawm ib ntawm lawv tshwm sim ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag.
Cov seem ntawm cov cladding tseem zoo heev thiab tuab, tab sis lawv tsis nyob txhua qhov chaw zoo ib yam li hauv qhov chaw no.
Tsis muaj dab tsi nthuav hauv Menkaur pyramid. Muaj qhov zoo nkauj sarcophagus pom hauv 1837 los ntawm Weiss. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kev piav qhia txog lub tsev huab tais, tab sis … cov neeg Askiv tau poob dej ntawm Cape Trafalgar nrog rau lub nkoj nqa nws. Zoo, tsis yog koj tus kheej, tau kawg. Tsuas yog cua daj cua dub tuaj thiab lub nkoj tau poob. Qhov poob ntawm Menkaur's sarcophagus tau them nyiaj los ntawm kev sau ntau ntawm cov duab puab pom hauv ib qho ntawm cov tuam tsev pam tuag.
Pharaoh Menkaur pej thuam. Tsev khaws puav pheej Boston
Nco ntsoov tias Menkaur pyramid tsis muaj hmoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab tias ntau tus tau sim rhuav tshem nws thiab tso lawv tus kheej "tshawb nrhiav" txoj kev hauv nws. Nov yog qhov nws zoo li niaj hnub no hauv ntu: 1- nkag, 2- nqes hav nqes hav, 3- chaw tos txais, 4- granite portcullis, 5- chav sab saud, 6- sab hnub poob nkag mus rau cov pob zeb granite ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm chav qis, 7- qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav sab saud, 8- chav nrog niches, 9- chav faus nrog granite sarcophagus, 10- thawj qhov nkag thiab txoj kev hauv tsev, 11- kev khawb sab nraum txoj kev hauv tsev, 12- tshem tawm hauv XII caug xyoo los ntawm Al-Malek al-Aziz Osman ben Yusuf, 13-qhov ua txhaum qhov chaw Colonel Howard Weiss hauv xyoo 1830s.
Yog li, tej zaum, ib txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam pyramidomania thiab pyramidoidiotism tuaj yeem mus xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog Khufu pyramid, tab sis kuj yog Khafr thiab Menkaur pyramids, tab sis, raws li tau sau tseg, nws nyob deb mus rau lawv, thiab tsheb npav mus ncig yuav tsis tos. rau koj …
