Cia peb pib nrog lo lus nug: dab tsi tuaj yeem suav tias yog "cov cuab yeej ua lag luam"? Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi: riam phom tsim tshwj xeeb rau lwm lub tebchaws thiab muag rau nws. Qhov no tsis tau ntawv tso cai tsim khoom hauv peb tus kheej cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov no yog cov khoom lag luam, thiab feem ntau sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm qhov qub. Siv Skoda 15 cm M14 thiab M14/16 150mm teb howitzer. Cov howitzers zoo sib xws hauv qhov tsos, tab sis lawv tsis txhais tau tias zoo ib yam.
Ua ntej, peb yuav saib ntawm 15 cm M-1913 kev lag luam howitzer ntawm lub tuam txhab German Krupp. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias rab phom no yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog rab phom 15 cm ntawm German pab tub rog (qhov muaj peev xwm tiag 149, 7 mm) - lub suab nrov uas tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1913 thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hnyav hnyav li cas thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Cov riam phom no tau xa tawm mus rau Ottoman Turkey thiab Switzerland. Thiab koj puas paub dab tsi yog lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb? Hauv caliber! Hauv kev lag luam 15-cm M-1913, lub peev xwm tiag tiag yog 149, 1 hli, uas yog, nws tsis tuaj yeem tua los ntawm lawv nrog cov qauv zoo li ntawm cov tub rog German. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv lawv kuj tau cim ua 15-cm. Ua ntej qhov no, kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm tib lub peev xwm tau tsim, uas tau xa tawm mus rau Nyij Pooj (M / 06), Argentina (M-1904), Bulgaria (M-1906) thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, qhov uas nws tau raug xaiv ua "Howitzer L" / 14 "ib. Ib rab phom zoo sib xws tau xa tawm mus rau Nyij Pooj raws li 150mm (Hom 38 - Qauv 1905) daim teb. M-1906 yog qhov tsim los ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm pab tub rog German 15 cm thaj chaw howitzer qauv 1902. Lub thoob ntawd yog 1796 mm ntev, lossis L / 12. Nws hnyav ob tons, muaj lub thoob siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov siab ntawm + 42 °, thawj qhov projectile ceev ntawm 325 m / s thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 7.45 kilometers. Nws tau sau tseg tias tib neeg Nyij Pooj nyiam qhov riam phom no rau nws qhov kev cog lus me me, tab sis nws yog nws cov mos txwv uas tsoo cov neeg German ntawm lub taub hau thaum Nyij Pooj tau koom nrog Entente!
Howitzers ntawm M -1906 series sib txawv los ntawm tus qauv German nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntev (L / 14), tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho me me ntim ntawm lub thawv ntim khoom, yog li thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile tau qis dua - 300 m / s thiab qhov ntau yog tsuas yog 6,8 km. M-1906 tau muag rau Nyij Pooj yam tsis muaj ntaub thaiv npog, thaum Bulgarian thiab Turkish tau nruab nrog daim thaiv npog. Hom Nyij Pooj 38 150mm (qhov tseeb calibre 149, 1mm) teb howitzer yuav luag zoo ib yam rau M-1906, tshwj tsis yog nws txo qhov ntev. Tshwj xeeb, cov lus tau luv dua ntau dua - rau L / 11, vim qhov ntau ntau tau qis dua 5, 9 kilometers. Ib qho ntxiv, cov mos txwv ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj Nyij Pooj txawv ntawm European ib leeg, thiab lub qhov rooj yog piston, "Schneider" thiab muaj Bungee obturator. Vim li cas cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tso tseg txoj hlua khi caj dab yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau cov phom German thiab Austrian tsis meej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv los ntawm German lub tuam txhab "Krupp", Nyij Pooj tau tsim cov khoom lag luam cog hauv Osaka, qhov uas lawv tau pib tsim cov khoom qub zoo li twb tau nyob hauv daim ntawv tso cai, tab sis qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thawj peb caug howitzers tau ua los ntawm Fabkis cov hlau. Argentina kuj tau txais tus lej 150 mm (149, 1 mm) howitzers, thiab tom qab ntawd tib rab phom tau muab rau Bulgaria.
Txog Tsarist Russia, Krupp tau thov 152-mm (qhov tseeb 152, 4-mm) howitzers ntawm 1909 thiab 1910 tus qauv, uas feem ntau ua raws M-1906 tsim. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tau raws li hauv qab no: qhov ntev ntev - L / 16 thiab L / 15, feem; rau M-1909, lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws yog + 60 °, qhov pib ceev yog li 381 m / s thiab qhov ntau yog ntau dua 9 kilometers, rau M-1910-350 m / s, lub kaum sab xis nce yog + 45 °, thiab thaj tsam yog 8, 2 km. M-1909 hnyav dua li feem ntau ntawm cov phom Krupp-3.8 tons piv rau 2.2 tons rau M-1910. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm 2.1 tons rau M-1906 thiab 2.3 tons rau M-1913. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, rab phom no dhia tsawg dua thaum tua. Sab nraud, lawv tau txawv los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv, uas tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov neeg coob yuav luag tag. Thaum kawg, Russia yuav ib puas lossis tsawg rab phom ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qauv no, tab sis thaum kawg lawv tau ua tus qauv zoo li rab phom Schneider ntawm xyoo 1910 tus qauv.
Raws li rau kev lag luam kev lag luam, M-1913, lawv yog qhov yooj yim sab nraud pom tau, vim tias lawv muaj lub tog raj kheej. Pem hauv ntej ntawm tus menyuam txaj raug kaw los ntawm daim npog npog uas tiv thaiv nws cov txheej txheem. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov hloov tshiab ntawm cov qauv tso tawm yav dhau los M-1906, tshwj tsis yog tias lawv tau tsim los ntawm qhov pib kom rub nrog lub tsheb laij teb. Bulgaria kuj dhau los ua ib tus neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no, thiab tom qab ntawd Ltalis pib yuav nws. Ltalis tau lees txais qhov kev ua haujlwm no rau xyoo 1914, ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, thiab xaiv nws ua 149-mm Obice da-149 / 12A. Ltalis tau txais 112 howitzers los ntawm Krupp ua ntej nkag mus ua tsov rog tiv thaiv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob sab Entente. Kev xaiv 149/12 qhia txog rab phom nrog rab phom ntev L / 12 hloov qhov ntev L / 14; tab sis tej zaum Italians tsuas yog ntsuas los ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm lub breech es tsis ntsuas los ntawm nws qhov kawg? Cov tuam txhab "Ansaldo" thiab "Vickers-Terni" tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tsim phom hauv Ltalis. Tab sis txij li Ltalis nkag mus ua tsov rog nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg, qhov no coj mus rau qhov xwm txheej xav paub rau cov tub rog German thiab Austro-Hungarian tawm tsam cov tub rog Italis: lawv tau tsim los ntawm German rab phom loj! Los ntawm xyoo 1915 txog 1919, Ansaldo thiab Vickers-Terni tau tsim ze li ntawm 1,500 tus neeg ua haujlwm, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm qhov no ua hauv xyoo 1917 thiab 1918. "Modello 1918" tau txais daim ntaub thaiv nkhaus nyob rau ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm lub log log, thiab ob peb lub rooj rau cov tswv cuab. Modello 1914 thiab Modello 1918 txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Ltalis tau muab qee qhov kev sib tw no rau Albania thiab kaum ob tus neeg ua haujlwm rau Poland hauv xyoo 1919.
Skoda M14 howitzers kuj tau muag hauv ntau lub tebchaws, tab sis lawv ib tuj hnyav dua li cov phom Krupp zoo sib xws thiab cov sab nraud txawv ntawm lawv. Sab nraud, lawv saib loj dua, hnyav dua thiab muaj zog dua, lub log muaj lub hauv paus dav dua li lawv cov neeg sib tw German.
M. 14 thiab M. 14/16 tuaj yeem "nqa lub cev" ntawm + 70º, zoo dua li + 43º rau Krupp. Tab sis … Krupp tseem hla dhau Skoda, txawm hais tias Skoda tau muab ntau yam ntawm yuav luag cuaj kilometers (piv qhov no nrog ntau qhov ntau ntawm kev lag luam Krupp howitzer, uas tsawg dua xya); uas yog, "lub npe twb yog lub npe lag luam," lossis thaum mus yuav khoom rau leej twg nws yog qhov tsim nyog lawv "greased" zoo heev!
Lub thoob ntawm Skoda howitzer yog 1836 mm ntev piv rau 1806 mm rau Krupp howitzers, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis tseem. Lawv lub breech tseem loj dua li ntawm cov neeg German, tab sis qhov no twb yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab dawb paug. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov phaus ntxiv uas koj xav tau nqa.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Skoda lub tuam txhab tau tsim txog 1000 ntawm cov phom no, uas tau xa tawm thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 mus rau Qaib Cov Txwv thiab tau ua haujlwm nyob ib sab nrog Krupp. Tom qab ua tsov rog, lawv tau suav nrog hauv cov arsenals ntawm cov tebchaws tshiab xws li Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland thiab Yugoslavia. Tim Nkij teb chaws tau txais ntau qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis ntseeg tsis ntseeg los ntawm Austria-Hungary thiab los ntawm Turks, tshwj xeeb, xyoo 1920-1921. thaum lub sij hawm Greco-Turkish War. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1930s, lawv txhua tus tau txais cov thwj cim hlau thiab cov log tsheb khov kho kom txhim kho kev nrawm. Qee tus txawm tias muaj qhov thaiv qhov ncauj ntxiv.
Hauv qhov xaus, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias "Schneider", "Krupp" thiab "Skoda" nyob rau xyoo ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 yog cov muag phom zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog nyob hauv Europe, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Zoo, thiab lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm Qingdao nyob rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau thaj tsam Gran Chaco hauv South America, tau hla tag nrho Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, thiab tom qab ntawd Thib Ob … Ntxiv mus, kev xa khoom tau ua raws txoj cai ntawm "leej twg them, nws tau txais ", thiab kev ua nom ua tswv thiab kev ua tub rog Cov tuam txhab, raws li txoj cai, tsis tau xyuam xim rau lawv cov khoom siv. Tsis muaj dab tsi tus kheej, tsuas yog lag luam!
