Tig mus rau lub ncauj lus ntawm kev rov txhim kho cov riam phom ntawm cov tub rog tooj liab, nws yooj yim pom tias … ntawm no cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov neeg rov ua haujlwm, ib tus tuaj yeem hais tias, tau muaj hmoo heev uas cov neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog neeg tsis ntseeg thiab tso txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig lawv hauv ntiaj teb no. rau lawv tuag hauv lawv qhov ntxa. Ntawm no cov ntseeg knights raug faus rau hauv ib daim ntaub thaiv, thiab peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog yam riam phom uas lawv muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm Nrab Hnub nyoog? Cov saw xa ntawv tau tawg, cov ntaj tau rov hloov kho rau cov qauv tshiab, niaj hnub no, yog li peb yuav tsum siv cov khoom me me thiab cov duab xwb. Txij lub sijhawm tom qab, cov cuab yeej ua rog nws tus kheej, thiab lawv cov duab ntawm cov duab me me, thiab cov duab zoo tib yam thiab tooj dag (kos duab tiaj tus ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag), uas lees paub ib leeg, tau nqis los rau peb, tab sis nrog rau Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab thaum ntxov muaj teeb meem.
Tab sis Hnub Nyoog Bronze yog qhov yooj yim dua los tsim kho dua tshiab. Muaj ntau qhov pom ntawm no, thiab qib ntawm lawv kev khaws cia yog siab heev. Thiab dua li, muaj ntau lub cim iconographic. Thiab qhov no pab rov txhim kho qhov pom ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, ua ntej rau cov kws ua yeeb yam, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau "siv cov khoom siv tes ua".
"Kev sib ntaus ntawm Achaean thiab Trojan cov tub rog." Artist J. Rava.
Piv txwv li, kos duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab Giuseppe Rava "The Duel of the Achaean and Trojan Warriors." Koj tuaj yeem sib cav ntau npaum li koj nyiam uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem liab qab ("xuab zeb hlawv"), txawm hais tias Masai cov tub rog, cov hav zoov nyob hauv Kalahari suab puam, Dayaks - "cov neeg tua tsiaj" hauv Borneo, taug kev liab qab thiab qee yam tswj hwm. Tab sis txhua yam ntxiv yog nws yog dab tsi, peb pom dab tsi thiab peb tuaj yeem tuav dab tsi. Ntaj, xws li tus tuav tus tub rog ntawm sab laug, tau pom thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, los ntawm Ireland mus rau Bulgaria, thiab dhau mus rau Palestine, Syria thiab Egypt. Nkawd ob leeg pom lub kaus mom hlau ntawm lawv lub taub hau. Lawv cov duab tau pom. Cov duab ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog muaj. Kuj tseem muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (ntau txog peb!), Zoo li lub tsho hnav los ntawm tus tub rog ntawm sab xis.
"Fresco los ntawm Paestum".
Cov cuab yeej tooj liab ntawm Samnite cov tub rog los ntawm Paestum hauv Lucania kuj tseem pom meej. Nws ntseeg tias cov fresco no tuaj yeem sau hnub tim rau xyoo pua 4. BC Cov tub rog hnav lub cev nqaij daim tawv, lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub puab tsaig sab hauv thiab pob tw, thiab lub ntsej muag. Cov kaus mom hlau tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov plaub, daim ntaub thaiv yog puag ncig, tus neeg caij tsheb tsis muaj lub eeb, tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, tsis muaj khau, tab sis nws hnav lub dab teg. Cov tub rog nruab nrab muaj cov loops ntawm cov hmuv - yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv rau kev ntuav.
Achaean tej cuab yeej thiab kaus mom hlau (c. 1400 BC). Nafplion Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tim Nkij teb chaws
Yog li ntawd, thaum Greek rov kho cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom Katsikis Dimitrios txiav txim siab rov ua cov cuab yeej no, nws tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Nws txaus los mus rau Nafplion Tsev khaws puav pheej …
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau txais ob qho zoo nkauj Mycenaean "cov tub rog" hauv cov cuab yeej qub. Ib qho hauv "armor ntawm Dendra". Lwm qhov yog nyob rau hauv qhov raug "Cov Neeg Hiav Txwv" riam phom. Thiab ob qho ntawm cov teeb no zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej tom qab knightly. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib yam xav tsis thoob ntawm no. Anatomically, tib neeg tsis tau hloov pauv. Ob txhais caj npab, ob txhais ceg, caj dab … thiab yuav tiv thaiv txhua yam no mus txog qhov twg? Tib txoj kev!
Zoo kawg "armor" thiab ua haujlwm zoo!
Sib piv thiab pom lawv yuav luag tiav qhov tseeb.
Tab sis nws tsis tau ua lub kaus mom hlau rau "armor los ntawm Dendra" los ntawm npua tus tus pas, tab sis ua los ntawm tawv tawv thiab npog nws nrog cov tooj dag tooj liab. Nws nws tus kheej sau txog lub kaus mom hlau no raws li hauv qab no: “Qhov no yog lub kaus mom hlau uas tsis yooj yim nrog txoj kab uas hla. Lub kaus mom hlau muaj lub ntsej muag tooj daj zoo li tus npoo, uas lub plhaub ua los ntawm cov khoom siv organic tau khov kho. Lub plhaub yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub linen thiab npog nrog tawv rau saum. Kaum ib lub bronze discs ntawm ntau txoj kab uas hla tau teeb tsa ua symmetrically saum toj no cov organic dome.
Tawv kaus mom hlau rau "Dendra armor".
Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yog daim kab xev ntoo ponytail bushing. Sab hauv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau muaj cov ntaub plaub tuab tuab txhawm rau txhim kho lub taub hau kom zoo dua thiab kom nqus tau lub zog ntawm tshuab. Hauv cov kaus mom hlau zoo li no, lawv lub zog thiab lub peev xwm tiv thaiv tau tawm tsam, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj ib lub plhaub hlau ntawm lawv."
Lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Menelaus yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab muaj peb daim phaj tooj liab riveted ua ke. Plaub leeg yog pleev xim ntoo. Lawv muab nws rau qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis zoo li knightly "horns" lawv tau kho xoob xoob kom lub tshuab ntaus lawv tsis tuaj yeem kis mus rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab uas tsis muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai thiab cov kaus mom hlau tau ua nyob rau lwm sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas yog hauv Asmeskas. Ntawm cov reenactors muaj Matt Poitras ntawm Austin, Texas. Nws tau rov tsim kho cov cuab yeej rau 16 xyoo. Ntawm nws cov haujlwm sib txawv, tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tsov Rog Trojan.
Ntawm no, piv txwv li, nws li cas, raws li cov lus piav qhia hauv Iliad, rov tsim lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Odysseus los ntawm tus npua teb tus ntxhw. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub kaus mom hlau yog ua los ntawm cov hlua tawv txuas nrog rau saum. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws, muaj fangs, drilled thiab xaws ua ke nrog "khau raj". Bronze cuffs thiab nraub qaum nrog plaub hauv ob sab phlu.
Nov yog li cas nws zoo li sab nraud …
Thiab yog li ntawm sab hauv
Zoo, cov no yog txhua qhov ntawm nws.
Nws hnav khaub ncaws Odysseus uas ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov hnab tawv nqaij tawv nrog daim hlau hlau xaws rau lawv thiab ua riam phom nrog rab hmuv, ntaj, thiab nruab nrog daim ntaub thaiv ntawm tus yam ntxwv.
Daim duab no qhia meej txog qhov tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov cuab yeej no, thiab txoj hauv kev uas cov phaj tooj dag tau xaws rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Matt rab ntaj nrog pob txha hilt yog nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab tshos trim nrog plaub.
Thiab peb pom tib daim ntaub plaub rau sab caj npab ntawm nws daim ntaub thaiv.
Cov ntaub thaiv npog Matt tau teeb nws "Achilles", uas nws hnav zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab tseem nyob hauv "tus txiv neej" Achaean lub kaus mom hlau nrog lub raj. Nws cuirass yog ua raws li hom cuirasses ntawm "cov neeg ntawm hiav txwv". Ntawm no nws tshwj xeeb tsis xav txog, hauv kev sib piv rau kev rov tsim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm Odysseus.
Tus txiv neej thiab horned "kaus mom hlau ntawm Achilles" yog qhov yooj yim heev hauv cov qauv. Nws yog tooj dag hemisphere elongated nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm pob txha taub hau nrog riveted yas phaj thiab hinged sab plhu. Horns, ntawm chav kawm, txawm hais tias "txaus ntshai", tab sis kuj "khoom ua si", rau kev zoo nkauj.
Raws li Matt, cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog ntau txheej thiab nws nyuaj rau kev sib cav tawm tsam qhov no, vim nws pom tseeb tias ob lossis peb txheej tawv tawv tiv thaiv zoo dua ib qho, thiab lawv tsis ntxiv qhov hnyav ntau.
Raws li rau lub kaus mom hlau, lawv tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si los ntawm kev pov thiab forging thiab tseem nyob hauv kev siv tshuab sib xyaw. Yog li, rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, lub kaus mom hlau tau pom nyob hauv Central Asia, pov cov tooj liab thiab nrog cov phab ntsa tuab 3 hli. Nws tau sau tseg tias nws hnyav, tab sis nws cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo heev tshwj xeeb. Mycenaean armourers tuaj yeem ua tau ib yam, thiab txawm tias kho kom zoo nkauj saum nws taub hau nrog tus nees tus Tsov tus tw yog qhov pom tseeb tias nws meej txawm tias tsis muaj Homer tias qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo!
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm no tias Matt lub tsho tiv thaiv tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ob peb zaug hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev rov tsim dua tshiab (thiab siab dua txhua yam khoom thiab qhov hnyav!) Hauv qhov no tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo li, thiab dab tsi yog ua los ntawm dab tsi yog kaum!
Thiab ntawm no, los ntawm txoj kev, ib tus tuaj yeem tsuas yog khuv xim tias nws tsis yog tus hnav khaub ncaws koom nrog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo tshaj plaws txog Trojan War - "Troy" nrog Brad Pitt hauv lub luag haujlwm. Kuv yuav tsis tham txog cov yeeb yaj kiab nws tus kheej - cov neeg thuam tau xam nws tawm thiab qhia lawv cov kev xav tias yog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis hais txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lawv tsis muaj keeb kwm thiab yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsis paub. Tom qab tag nrho, tus tsim ntawm Troy muaj ob txoj hauv kev yeej-yeej qhov kev xaiv: thawj zaug yog ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov ris tsho piav qhia ntawm Greek vases, uas yog, nyob rau xyoo 6th-5th. BC Qhov no tseem yuav tsis yog keeb kwm, tab sis rau ntau tus nws tau pom thiab paub. Qhov thib ob yog siv cov ris tsho zoo ib yam li Matt Poitras, paub txog lub vase thiab cov duab puab ntawm Mycenaean era - nrog lub suab raj, thiab txhua yam ntxiv, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tuaj yeem raug ntaus zoo. Piv txwv li, ua lub kaus mom hlau rau tib lub Odyssey.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv thib peb raug xaiv. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim nrog kev nkag siab tsis meej ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me uas tsis txawv txav rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Ib qhov chaw ntawm lwm lub ntiaj chaw … nws yuav yog qhov raug, tab sis tsis yog nyob hauv Ntiaj Teb ib zaug uas peb paub zoo. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis meej tias cov khoom siv twg lawv txhua tus ua los ntawm, vim ntawm lub vijtsam lawv yuav luag txhua yam dub! Tsuas yog lub sijhawm uas Achilles 'cov cuab yeej zoo li tooj liab nyob hauv qhov luv luv ntawm lub nkoj ua ntej Troad disembarks ntawm thaj av. Muaj tseeb, hauv qee ntu ntu nrog "tooj liab thaiv" flicker, tab sis muaj qee qhov ntawm lawv, txawm hais tias cov tooj liab txhuam yuav tsum tau ci rau ntawd.
Ib tug tseem los ntawm cov yeeb yam "Troy". Nws yog dab tsi, vim li cas, thiab los ntawm dab tsi? Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau yam me me thiab tsis meej kiag li? Tsub tus nqi ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv? Tom qab tag nrho, nws pom tseeb tias nws yog "dab neeg dab neeg", tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum paub thaum twg yuav tsum nres.
Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog kev coj ua los ntxuav tooj liab thiab tooj liab tooj liab kom nws ci. "The Shimmering Hector" - Qhov ntawd yog Homer hais txog nws! Thiab ntawm no thiab cov kaus mom hlau, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog (tom kawg yog qee qhov zoo ib yam li cov qauv qub, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsis yog txhua yam!), Txhua yam rau qee qhov laj thawj dub. Thiab ob qho tib si Greek thiab Trojans! Lub ntsiab xim yog tsaus, tsis muaj ci. Tab sis, piv txwv li, ris tsho hnav thiab ntaub thaiv npog hauv Italis zaj duab xis "Exploits of Hercules" (1958). Cia nws ua dab neeg, tab sis … nws zoo li ntau dua li "dab neeg dab neeg" txog Troy, ua yeeb yaj kiab xyoo 2004 nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv kiag li. Thiab … qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tseem yuav tsum hnav khaub ncaws rau qee yam, yog li vim li cas ho tsis hnav tam sim ntawd raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua?!
Ib tug tseem los ntawm cov yeeb yam "Troy". Achilles 'cov cuab yeej raug ntxuav, tab sis vim li cas qee qhov tsis nco qab?
Tus sau ua tsaug rau Katsikis Dimitrios (https://www.hellenicarmors.gr) thiab Matt Poitras rau lub sijhawm siv cov duab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog uas lawv muab (https://www.mpfilmcraft.com/mpfilmcraft/Home.html), nrog rau Greek Association Corivantes”(Koryvantes.org), uas tau muab cov duab ntawm lawv kev rov tsim kho dua tshiab.
