Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub

Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub
Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub

Video: Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub

Video: Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub
Video: iNews Pagi 29 Juli 2020 Segmen 2 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub rog tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj ua haujlwm sib ntaus thaum ua tsov rog nrog Sweden. Cov lus txib siab tau muaj lawv tus lej rau kev sib tham nrog huab tais thiab kev sib tham nrog txhua lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau, nws tsis tau qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov tib neeg uas tau koom nrog kev zais, tab sis ncaj qha rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qib. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg muaj cov ntawv sau los ntawm Peter I mus rau Admiral Apraksin, tus thawj coj Sheremetyev, Menshikov, Repnin, ntxiv rau cov thawj coj, cov tub rog thiab lwm cov tub rog. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rov nco qab tias huab tais tau tsim cov ciphers feem ntau ntawm nws tus kheej, thaum muab qhov nyiam rau ciphers hauv Fab Kis. Feem ntau, nyob rau cov hnub ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tiv thaiv nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau hom lus- Lavxias, German thiab hais txog Fab Kis. Qee zaum qhov kev hais ntau hom lus no ua rau muaj teeb meem txaus luag. "Lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyeem Fab Kis cov ntawv digital, yog li kuv tsis paub yuav teb dab tsi rau lawv … Thov … yog tias koj thov, thov muab lus teb rau kuv txhua tus ntawv nrog tus lej German, vim tsis muaj leej twg nkag siab tias tus poj niam Fabkis": GI Golovkin tau txais kev xa tawm los ntawm Austrian Field Marshal-Lieutenant General Baron Georg Benedict von Ogilvy, uas tau ua haujlwm hauv Russia.

Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub
Cryptographers ntawm Peter I. Sib ntaus sib tua ciphers. Tshooj plaub

Baron Georg Benedict von Ogilvy

Tom qab ntawd, Ogilvy tau sau ntawv mus rau Peter Kuv hauv qhov kev cais zoo: "… tsis muaj leej twg nyob ntawm no uas tuaj yeem nkag siab koj li Fab Kis, txij li Ren poob tus yuam sij vim yog qhov no … Thov sau ntawv rau kuv los ntawm kuv tus lej kom kuv tuaj yeem ua tau nkag siab. " Peter, teb rau qhov kev thuam no, teb rau nws cov neeg hauv qab: "Lawv tau sau ntawv rau koj hauv Fab Kis cov tsiaj ntawv rau qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj lwm yam. Thiab qhov koj tau xa ua ntej, thiab qhov ntawd tsis zoo, nws tsis zoo li tsab ntawv yooj yim, kev hwm yog ua tau. Thiab thaum nws xa lwm tus, tom qab ntawd los ntawm qhov peb sau rau koj nrog nws, thiab tsis yog lus Fab Kis. Thiab tus lej Fab Kis tseem tau xa tuaj. " Tus nyeem ntawv mloog zoo yuav tsum tau pom tias Peter Kuv thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm Lavxias tau hais txog kev tshuaj xyuas cryptanalytic ntawm lub zog ntawm ciphers. Qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm no, Tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias ntawm cryptanalysis tau yug los, uas yuav muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab muaj yeeb koob.

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Duab

Ntxiv rau qhov xwm txheej nrog kev txhais lus ntawm ciphers, kuj tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua thaum txiav txim siab ua tsis tau vim lub hauv paus tsis muaj tus yuam sij. Ib zaug Peter Kuv, hauv nws tus yam ntxwv ib txwm, tau sau thiab zais ib tsab ntawv nrog nws txhais tes rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Repnin, uas yog tus nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis Repin ib txwm poob cov yuam sij rau tus vaj ntxwv cipher, lossis nws tsis muaj lawv thaum xub thawj. General Renne, tus tub huabtais tus phoojywg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tau thov zam txim rau qhov teeb meem no ua ntej tsar: "Muaj kev thaj yeeb tshaj plaws, Muaj Tseeb tshaj Tsar, Muaj Siab Hlub Tshaj Plaws. Hauv txhua qhov kev mloog lus rau Koj Tus Huab Tais Dawb Huv tshaj plaws, Kuv ceeb toom rau koj: nag hmo kuv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus tub ceev xwm xa los ntawm Koj Tus Huab Tais Dawb Huv Tshaj Plaws ntawm Smolensk cov tub rog, raws li qhov uas peb yuav pom nrog General Prince Nikita Ivanovich Repnin. Tsuas yog kuv qhov hmoov tsis zoo yog cov yuam sij raug xa mus rau Lichba hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau. Thov, Koj Tus Huab Tais foom koob hmoov, kom xaj xa cov yuam sij, thiab peb, txawm tias tsis muaj tus yuam sij, tsuav peb tuaj yeem xav thiab raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Koj Tus Huab Tais Dawb Huv tshaj plaws peb yuav ua, peb yuav tsis tso ib leeg ib yam nkaus…"

Txhua qhov saum toj no yog qhov kev zam, uas tsuas yog lees paub txoj cai - nyob hauv Tsar Peter I, encryption cov lus rau pab tub rog thiab tub rog tau raug teeb tsa kom raug. Tshwj xeeb, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb nruj tau tsim thiab ua raws. Yog li, cov yuam sij rau tus lej nkag tsuas yog dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes. Piv txwv li, cov yuam sij rau kev sib tham nrog tsar tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm Peter kuv tus kheej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tus yuam sij nws tus kheej, lossis ib feem ntawm nws, tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus xa xov. Lawv tau ntim ua ntej hauv cov hnab ntawv tshwj xeeb, kaw nrog ntau cov ntawv ntim quav thiab lub npe xa khoom yuav tsum tau qhia. Thaum tau txais tsab ntawv zais cia saum toj no, tus neeg sau xov xwm yuav tsum tau qhia txog kev tau txais kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov yuam sij, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txoj kev sib txuas lus tau pib ua haujlwm.

Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog nrog Sweden, hauv 1709, qee yam Polonsky tau ua lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas kev txav ntawm cov chav ntawm Bobruisk tus thawj coj thiab tiv thaiv nws kev sib txuas nrog Swedish corps Crassau. Thiab nws yuav tsum ceeb toom rau Peter I los ntawm kev nkag mus. Tsar sau txog qhov no: "Tib lub sijhawm, peb xa tus yuam sij rau koj, thiab yog tias qhov no xa ib tus mus tau zoo nrog nws, thiab sau txog nws rau peb, yog li peb tuaj yeem sau thiab xa cov ntawv xav tau nrog tus yuam sij ntawd. yav tom ntej. " Xws li yog kev tswj hwm ob npaug ntawm ib feem ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg tuaj tshiab patriots. Tab sis ntawm no qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm Peter Kuv tau zais - nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev xa ntawv tau twb nyob rau qib siab. Thiab yog tias qee qhov kev xav tiag tiag xav nyeem cov lus nrog tus yuam sij cipher, lawv yuav ua nws. Tau kawg, nws tsis yooj yim thiab nws tau muaj kev nyuaj ntau yam. Qhov txaus siab, tib chav tsev tuaj yeem muaj tus lej sib txawv rau tib neeg sib txawv thiab lub hom phiaj sib txawv. Nws tau paub tias Peter Kuv tsis tau tshwj xeeb tso siab rau Lieutenant General Ogilvy los ntawm Austria thiab txawm tias tau teeb tsa A. I. Repnin rau nws, uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qib kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus thawj coj ntiav. Txog rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb no, tsar tau muab "tus neeg soj ntsuam" nrog tus lej tshwj xeeb thiab rau txim: "Hauv qhov no, cov tsiaj ntawv tau xa tuaj rau koj hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov cim ntawm cov npe piav qhia, tiv thaiv uas koj yuav nyob rau lub sijhawm, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tso cai, sau nws rau peb raws tus lej. " Sergeant Kikin los ntawm Preobrazhensky regiment tau koom nrog ua haujlwm zoo ib yam hauv General Georg-Gustav Rosen hauv 1706.

Qhov ua tiav tiag ntawm lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Zaum Zaum Kawg yog Lavxias tsis meej pem hloov pauv tus lej, uas tau qhia hauv cov duab. Hauv qhov cipher no, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab ob tsab ntawv digrams ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias siv los ua cim.

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Duab
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Duab

Lavxias tus lej ntawm kev hloov pauv sib txawv thiab nws kev hloov pauv mus rau cov tsiaj ntawv niaj hnub no

Xyoo 1708, txoj cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv tau tsim (pom tseeb los ntawm huab tais nws tus kheej), uas tau hais tias: "Cov lus no yuav tsum tau sau yam tsis muaj kev sib cais thiab tsis muaj lub sijhawm thiab tus lej, thiab tsis yog lub sijhawm thiab cim thiab cais cov lus hais, sau los ntawm cov ntawv hauv qab no. " Qhov ntxiv yog phau ntawv txhais lus uas muaj cov npe ntawm cov xeev thiab cov khoom nto moo nyob thaj tsam. Kev piav qhia tseem ceeb - cov npe thiab thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tau los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev tawm tsam. Txog qhov ntxiv nws tau sib tham sib txawv hauv cov cai: "Yog tias nws tshwm sim los sau cov neeg hauv qab no ntawm lub npe thiab ntxiv rau, tom qab ntawd lawv sau cov cim zoo li tawm tsam txhua tus cim, txawm li cas los xij, sau txhua yam kom tiav, tawm mus tsis pom qhov twg, thiab muab cov ntawv hais los nruab nrab ntawm lawv, uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi ".

Tus kws tshawb fawb-cryptanalyst, tus neeg sib tw ntawm cov txuj ci thev naus laus zis Larin hauv nws cov kab lus muab piv txwv ntawm kev zais ntawm lo lus "Poltava", thaum qhov tshwm sim yog "Otkhisushemekom". Hauv cov ntawv tsis tu ncua, feem ntau cov ntawv sib txuas tau muab zais ua lub suab lus, nrog txhua tus ntawv sib tham tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv ib lub suab lus. Tab sis muaj cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm no ib yam - qhov tshwj xeeb yog tsab ntawv "F" yam tsis muaj lub suab lus thiab tus zauv "Z", uas yog siv ob qho hauv lub suab "ZE" thiab hauv ib qho kev ua tau zoo. Txhua tus vowels feem ntau tsis muaj suab lus, tsuas yog kev zam yog "A" thiab "I", uas tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov suab lus "AM" thiab "IN", feem. Lawm, cov ciphers muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua li "classic" hloov pauv tau yooj yim, tab sis lawv nkag siab rau qhov yuam kev coding - ob qho tib si rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tsab ntawv xav tau nrog lwm tsab ntawv, thiab rau qhov tsis suav lossis sau ib tsab ntawv ntxiv.

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