- Bambarbia! Kirgudu!
- Nws hais dab tsi?
Nws hais tias yog koj tsis kam, lawv … yuav tua koj. Tso dag.
- Tso dag!
("Tus raug txim ntawm Caucasus, lossis Shurik Txoj Kev Taug Kev Tshiab")
Cov tsos ntawm lub vijtsam ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab trinity (qhov xwm txheej hauv tsev noj mov) ib txwm ua rau luag vim yog kev txawj ntse li cas Coward, Kev paub thiab Goonies sib koom lub tebchaws Caucasian cov ris tsho uas lawv tau txais, suav nrog rab ntaj. Zoo, yog, tom qab tag nrho, tus neeg nce toj roob hauv pes tsis muaj rab riam, tab sis ntawm no nws dai ncaj ntawm lub plab thiab … koj tsis tuaj yeem pom dab tsi tom qab nws. Lub caij no, qhov no yog piv txwv nthuav rau kev xav txog tub rog: khaub ncaws yog yeeb ncuab, kev ua tsov rog nrog cov yeeb ncuab mus los ntawm 1817 txog 1864, thiab, txawm li cas los xij, ob lub khaub ncaws thiab riam phom ntawm tus yeeb ncuab no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam uas lawv tau hnav los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias niaj hnub thiab Cossacks. … Lub npe heev ntawm cov khaub ncaws sab nrauv - Circassian - qhia txog nws keeb kwm tshwj xeeb thiab … tsis muaj dab tsi!
Ntawm no nws yog - Kama, ntawm txoj siv sia ntawm Kev Paub …
Muaj tseeb, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem hais tias muaj cov neeg siab ncaj rau Tsar Dawb, thiab tias Nws Tus Huab Tais lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj thaum lub sijhawm, yuav luag txhua tus suav nrog cov neeg nce toj ntawm Caucasus thiab tau hnav khaub ncaws hauv lawv lub tebchaws! Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias kev ua kom tiav yog ua txhaum ntau txoj hauv kev. Kev hnav khaub ncaws zoo tshaj plaws, kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntsuas (los ntawm Adyghe / Circassian "seshue" lossis "sashkho" - "loj" lossis "riam ntev"), qhov ua tiav ntawm rab riam - kama, uas tau suav nrog hauv cov riam phom ntawm cov tub rog hauv roob - uas yog qhov ua rau txhua qhov no siv lawv cov neeg sib tw. Txawm hais tias, kev zoo nkauj ntawm riam phom no tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Dagger 1845 Fabkis. Kev zoo nkauj ntawm scabbard ua tiav thiab cov kws tshaj lij tsim los hilt yeej muaj txiaj ntsig. Tab sis yuav ua li cas tuav rab riam li no hauv koj txhais tes? Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Nov yog qhov uas peb los rau lub ntsiab lus nyob mus ib txhis: kev zoo nkauj thiab lub hom phiaj. Socrates hais tias, "Thiab pob tawb pob zeb yog qhov zoo nkauj heev, thiab daim npog ntsej muag kub tuaj yeem ua dab tsis yog tias thawj qhov ua tau zoo rau nws lub hom phiaj, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov phem!" Ntawd yog, nws pom tseeb tias muaj ntau qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov riam phom, suav nrog kev suav nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, ntau dua li lwm tus. Hauv qee qhov, kev kho kom zoo nkauj dhau los thiab tom qab ntawd nws tsis yog riam phom lossis yuav luag tsis yog riam phom, hauv lwm qhov kev siv dag zog tsis zoo ntawm rab riam hauv chav ua noj lossis qhov tsis zoo ib yam "kev zoo nkauj" ntawm tsev loj cuj "finca" ua tus thawj, tab sis tseem muaj lwm tus raws nraim qhov peb qhia los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb … Hauv qhov riam phom no, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim qauv kos duab sib koom ua ke, thiab thaum kawg peb muaj qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom. Thiab ntawm no, tej zaum, tsuas yog tsis muaj cov qauv zoo dua li Caucasian Kama!
Indian "taub qab" dagger zafar taki XVIII - XIX ib -paus xyoo. Ntev nrog scabbard 57.5 cm; tsis muaj scabbard 47.6 cm; hniav dav 3.3 cm; qhov hnyav 348.7 g; scabbard hnyav 201.3 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj txij li xyoo 1935. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov neeg Hindus tseem paub yuav ua li cas los tsim cov hniav ncaj, nquag siv thiab ua txuj ci zoo li rab yaj phom. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Ntawm no peb rov tig mus rau kev xav, thiab nws hais tias kev sib cav nyob mus ib txhis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj tau ua rau muaj ob hom hniav: tho ncaj (riam phom sab hnub poob) thiab txiav "nkhaus" (riam phom sab hnub tuaj). Cov neeg Loos - leej twg siv cov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev qhuab qhia legions thiab nkag siab ua ntej tshaj li lwm tus tias kev thawb yog zoo dua li chopping - tsis tas yuav viav vias! Tias yog vim li cas, piv txwv li, hauv tebchaws Askiv cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo 1908, rab ntaj rab ntaj tau rov qhia dua, uas tau siv dav hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hniav nkhaus tsis yog qhov cuam tshuam rau tus neeg caij tsheb, vim nws ua rau lub qhov txhab txiav tob heev. Lwm qhov yog tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nkhaus heev, yog li kom tsis txhob plam nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Piv txwv yog Japanese katana thiab, dua, "peb" tus neeg kuaj xyuas, uas koj tuaj yeem chop thiab tua!
Dagger ntawm Landsknechts ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th Louvre. Paris. Nws zoo li tias cov hniav ua haujlwm tau zoo, tsim los txhawm rau xa cov saw hlau. Tab sis tsuas yog xav txog tias nws tes tuav hauv koj txhais tes li cas, thiab koj ua li cas nrog nws? Txawm hais tias tus scabbard, yog, scabbard zoo nkauj heev.
Raws li rau rab riam, nws tau raug pov thawj tias lub tshuab los ntawm saum toj mus rau hauv qab yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Cov hniav nkhaus hauv qhov no poob qhov muaj zog dua, qhov nkhaus ntau dua yog!
Thiab ntawm no, dua, nws yog Caucasian toj siab uas tau txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv qhov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws, ua riam phom nrog rab phom nkhaus thiab rab ntaj ncaj. Thawj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los txiav ntawm lub gallop, qhov thib ob yog txhawm rau tua cov yeeb ncuab hauv tes-rau-tes sib ntaus, txawm hais tias rab riam ntev thiab ruaj khov tso cai rau koj xa kama thiab txiav cov tshuab. Ntawd yog, nws yog tiag tiag riam phom thoob ntiaj teb!
Ib qho kama dagger ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua puv 19. Hlau, kub, nyiaj, niello. Ntev nrog scabbard 53.3 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 50.6 cm; hniav ntev 38.1 cm; hniav dav 3.3 cm; qhov hnyav 382.7 g; scabbard qhov hnyav 240.9 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Thiab tam sim no me ntsis txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kama hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias … ntawv nyeem. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov tseeb kama uas dai rau ntawm txoj siv ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv Circassian ntawm N. S. Martynova, thiab ua tsaug rau nws, Lieutenant M. Yu. Lermontov lub npe menyuam yaus nws "tus neeg phem nrog rab ntaj loj" lossis "tus neeg siab nrog rab yaj phom loj" lossis yooj yim "Mr. Dagger". Mr. Martynov's "tus tiv thaiv" feem ntau hais tias Lermontov, lawv hais tias, "khiav mus rau kev sib ntaus nws tus kheej" nrog nws qhov kev thuam tsis kawg. Nws thuam, thuam, thiab dhuav ib tug txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, Martynov tsis yog txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev txhaum - nws tau loj hlob tuaj rau ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab nws tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsho Circassian nrog rab ntaj ntau heev, hauv lub kaus mom dawb puffed, nrog cua daj cua dub thiab ntsiag to.
Kama XVIII - XIX ib Ua, horn, ntoo, tawv, nyiaj. Ntev nrog scabbard 51 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 49.1 cm; hniav ntev 35.6 cm; hniav dav 3.8 cm; qhov hnyav 328.9 g; scabbard hnyav 87.9 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Martynov feem ntau hnav cov khaub ncaws ntawm Grebensky Cossack regiment. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Verzilins lub tsev, nws tau so haujlwm thiab yog li "ua ntau yam ntxiv pub dawb rau nws." Yog li, nws tau hnav lub tsho dawb Circassian thiab ib txoj phuam dub los yog lo lo lo ntxhuav, lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hnav ib lub tsho Circassian dub thiab lub tsho dawb. Hauv huab cua los nag, nws tau npog nws lub taub hau nrog lub kaus mom dub es tsis txhob hnav dawb. Nws dov nws lub tes tsho Circassian, uas muab "nws daim duab tag nrho ua lub ntsej muag tawv ncauj thiab tiv thaiv."
Nov yog nws, "Monsieur Dagger" - Mr. NS Martynov.
Ntawd yog, nws coj zoo li … niaj hnub no thiab tsis ntse heev demobilization, zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tham txog cov rog no! Martynov, tau kawg, nkag siab tias nws zoo nraug, siab, zoo saib, tab sis zoo li txhua tus neeg ruam nws xav ua tus coj. Ntawm no Lermontov txhais tes nws tus kheej mus txog rau tus xaum xim txhawm rau ntes cov duab zoo nkauj …
Piv txwv li, kos duab los ntawm M. Yu. Lermontov: Martynov tab tom nkag mus rau Pyatigorsk. Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov poj niam, xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws qhov kev zoo nkauj, thiab cov poj niam, "thiab tus phab ej nkag mus … tau zoo ib yam." Hauv qab daim duab muaj cov npe: "Mr. Dagger nkag mus rau Pyatigorsk."
"Highlander" yog xim dej ntawm Lermontov lub sijhawm.
Tseem muaj lwm daim duab. Ntawm nws Martynov nrog rab riam loj, txhais los ntawm lub duav mus rau hauv av, tab tom tham nrog me me Nadya Verzilina, uas tseem muaj ib yam me me "poj niam" rab riam dai ntawm nws txoj siv.
Kama nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj scabbard ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Hlau, horn, nyiaj, dub. Ntev 55.4 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 51.4 cm; hniav ntev 37.8 cm; hniav dav 5.4 cm; qhov hnyav 445.1 g; qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 394.1 g. Qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav: lub pob taws muaj ob lub ntsej muag dav, thiab tom qab ntawd plaub qhov nqaim (sab xub ntiag). Sab nraub qaum, ob lub dav thiab ob lub nqaim nqaim nqaim nqaim nqaim hniav. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Nws yog qhov ua tau yog tias Martynov tsis muaj rab riam phom phem ("nws tsis paub meej tias yog leej twg txuas nrog: Martynov rau rab riam lossis rab riam rau Martynov!") Kev sib ntaus tuag yuav tsis tshwm sim, thiab kws sau paj huam Lermontov ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias paj huam thiab paj huam, tab sis … nws yog qhov tseeb "rab ntaj loj" uas sawv ntawm lawv, thiab rab riam no tig los ua, los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txoj hmoo, lub roob kama zoo tag nrho hwm!
Ntawm no, hauv chav nyob no hauv Verzilins lub tsev hauv Pyatigorsk, txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam loj tau txiav txim siab.
Cim tshwj xeeb nrog cov plaub hau ntais ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Hlau, nyiaj, txha hniav laus. Ntev nrog scabbard 54.9 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 52.1 cm; hniav ntev 39.4 cm; hniav dav 3.4 cm; qhov hnyav 436.6 g; scabbard qhov hnyav 354.4 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Raws li keeb kwm ntawm kama nws tus kheej, lub npe ntawm rab riam no los ntawm Abkhazian aҟam; thiab Kabardino-Circassian k'ame, uas yog, nws tuaj rau peb los ntawm cov lus Abkhaz-Adyghe. Cov hniav yog ib txwm ntev los ntawm 30 txog 50 cm, ncaj thiab ob-edged. Cov hniav tuaj yeem muaj qhov puv, thiab cov puv tuaj yeem nyob sib npaug sib txheeb ntawm ib leeg, uas, ntawm chav kawm, nce nws qhov nruj. Qhov seem hniav yog lenticular lossis rhombic. Qhov nqaim ntawm cov hniav mus rau lub ntsiab lus yog du. Tus kov yog nqaim, tsis muaj crosshair, pommel loj heev. Ib tus scabbard tau txuas nrog rab riam, uas feem ntau yog hnav ntawm txoj siv nrog txheej.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis muaj txoj cai yam tsis muaj kev zam. Nov yog kama, tab sis nrog cov hniav nkhaus thiab tsis muaj puv, XIX caug xyoo. Hlau, tawv, ntoo, nyiaj. Ntev nrog scabbard 45.2 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 43.8 cm; hniav ntev 31.8 cm; hniav dav 4.3 cm; qhov hnyav 280.7 g; scabbard hnyav 79.4 g Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Nyob ntawm thaj tsam, kama muaj nws tus kheej, yog li hais lus, lub tebchaws yam ntxwv. Yog li Azerbaijani hniav muaj nws cov hniav ntawm cov hniav raws li nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob qho paj ntoo thiab cov qauv duab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom zoo nkauj, ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj Muslim ornaments - arches, curly ceg nrog stylized nplooj tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm lawv. Ib qho hlaws dai kuj tseem siv tau.
Bebut style kama nrog blued hniav ntawm 18th - 19th centuries. Hlau, horn, ntoo, tooj dag, nyiaj, textiles. Ntev nrog scabbard 27.8 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 27.1 cm; hniav dav 2.9 cm; hniav hnyav 268 g; scabbard hnyav 31.2 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Armenian-ua kama muaj lub taub hau elongated, uas muab nws cov duab ntawm ib txwm raug sab hnub tuaj. Nrov yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj nrog festoons nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tulips, uas tau muab tso rau ob qho tib si ntawm tus kov thiab ntawm kab laum. Cov ntawv kub thiab nyiaj feem ntau siv tib lub sijhawm.
Georgian kama dai kom zoo nkauj nrog corals ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Hlau, nyiaj, coral, kub. Ntev 61.3 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 58.6 cm; hniav dav 5.7 cm; qhov hnyav 516 g; scabbard qhov hnyav 249.5 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Georgian kama muaj lub ntsej muag luv thiab dav, ntxiv rau ntawm tus kov muaj lub kaus mom nrog cov npoo txua hauv daim ntawv ntawm paj paj. Cov hniav ntawm Georgian daggers feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob hauv nruab nrab nrog cov phiaj siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, thiab ntawm lawv cov luj taws tej zaum yuav txiav los ntawm kev txiav, ciam nrog kub lossis nyiaj thais. Cov nyiaj txiav ntawm cov leeg thiab cov nplais yog ua nrog cov paj ntoo zoo nkauj lossis cov paj zoo nkauj hauv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm blackening nrog kos duab, ntxiv rau nrog kev pleev xim. Dagestan daggers muaj lub taub hau ntev heev ntawm tus tuav. Hauv qhov no lawv zoo ib yam li rab riam phom Armenian. Tab sis rab riam ntawm tus tswv los ntawm Dagestan txhua lub sijhawm tau txiav txim siab, thiab tseem suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv Caucasus. Lawv kuj tseem hu ua "Kubachin" los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub zos uas lawv tau tsim.
Kubachinskaya Kama, Dagestan, XVIII - XIX ib -paus xyoo Hlau, ntoo, nyiaj, niello. Ntev 56 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Thawj qhov uas ntes koj lub qhov muag thaum koj xav txog rab riam yog qhov piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav nws tus kheej mus rau qhov dav thiab tseem rau qhov ntev ntawm tus tuav - tsis loj thiab tsis me me. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv cov hniav feem ntau yog ua raws li Lezgin tus qauv - nrog cov hav tau hloov pauv tus txheeb ze ib leeg. Qhov kev tsim qauv no muab qhov nruj tshaj plaws rau cov hniav thiab ua rau nws pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Hauv hav, ib qho qauv feem ntau yog cov ntawv uas luam cov qauv uas tshwm sim nrog cov hlau txuas.
Kev pabcuam rau XVIII - XIX ib -paus xyoo Hlau, horn, ntoo, tawv, nyiaj. Ntev 51 cm; ntev tsis muaj scabbard 49.1 cm; hniav ntev 35.6 cm; dav 3.8 cm; qhov hnyav 328.9 g; scabbard hnyav 87.9 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li xyoo 1935.
Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub lobes thiab cov hniav feem ntau yog blued nrog kab txaij dav dav, uas muab cov hniav zoo li txawv txawv. Lub taub hau ntawm tus tes tuav kuj tau muab ncua ntev, lossis lawv rov ua lub ntsej muag zoo li lub taub hau ntawm tus qauv hu ua raug cai, tau lees paub hauv Lavxias Cossack units, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tso cai-daggers ntawm tshuab rab phom thiab pab tub rog. Cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo nkauj zoo ib yam li txheej txheem Kubachi ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj cov khoom siv hlau.
Lezgin rab riam yog hom Dagestan rab riam, tab sis Khevsurian rab ntaj zoo ib yam li rab ntaj Georgian, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kov thiab kab laum yog ua los ntawm tooj dag lossis hlau, thiab tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj, uas yog ua los ntawm tooj liab nqis siab
Dagger ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cleveland.
Yog li kev ua tiav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev zoo nkauj yog kev zoo nkauj, uas yog kama tig tawm los ua cov quav nyab ntawd, raws li lawv hais hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj, tsoo lub nraub qaum. Ntawd yog, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tuag rau txoj hmoo ntawm Lermontov thiab Martynov …
