Ntsiag to, txaus siab hais lus, Glittering nrog liab qab sabers, Arapov mus rau kab ntev …
("Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" los ntawm A. Pushkin)
Qhov kev txaus siab pom los ntawm VO nyeem rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov riam phom ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj nkag siab heev - nws zoo nkauj heev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tuag taus, txawm hais tias txhua yam nws zoo nkauj. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai me ntsis, txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev xav paub no nyob hauv cov peev ntawm Metropolitan Museum hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis tsis muaj ib yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau txog nws. Nco ntsoov Wilkie Collins cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Hli Pob Zeb" … Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau dai rau ntawm rab riam ntawm ib tus neeg Muslim kav, txawm hais tias nws yog thawj zaug ntawm lub hauv pliaj ntawm Hindu Vaj tswv ntawm lub hli. Ntawd yog, nws muaj peev xwm mus plunder lub tuam tsev ntawm ib tus vaj tswv thiab siv nws cov nyiaj txiag los kho … rab riam! Zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd Askiv tau nyiag cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm tus neeg Muslim no thiab peb mus. Tom qab ntawd cov mined tau muag, tom qab ntawd … muag dua. Yog li, thaum kawg, los ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab pub dawb - yog, ntau yam khoom zoo nyob hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no yog khoom plig - Tsev khaws puav pheej Hauv Nroog nyuam qhuav tau txais nws cov khoom muaj nqis. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau txhiab yam khoom hauv nws cov khoom sau, thiab tag nrho cov no feem ntau yog cov khoom qub thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws txua khoom qub.
Zoo, niaj hnub no peb yuav txuas ntxiv peb cov neeg paub nrog cov hnoos qeev los ntawm nws cov nyiaj, thiab rab riam nrog cov hniav nkhaus yuav raug coj los ua lub hauv paus. Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev xav ntawm pej xeem ib txwm muaj nyob hauv Russia txij li lub sijhawm AS Pushkin yog qhov no: txij li Sab Hnub Tuaj, ces rab riam yog nkhaus, thiab saber yuav tsum tau nkhaus, thiab ntaj … kuj … "nkhaus." Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, nws tsis zoo li ntawd! Nws tsis raug xav tias tsuas yog European ob txhais tes ntaj muaj rab riam, nrog rau cov hniav nrog cov plaub hau ntais. Tsis yog, lawv kuj tseem nyob hauv Turkish sabers ntawm Shemshirs, thiab hauv Indian riam phom!
Ib rab riam los ntawm Qaum Teb Is Nrias teb, pes-kabz nrog T-puab hniav, tau siv los txhawm rau xa cov saw xa ntawv, xyoo pua 17th. Hlau - Indian crucible damask (wutz). Ivory tuav. Ntev 38.4 cm; hniav ntev 26, 7 cm; qhov hnyav 558, 5 g Metropolitan Museum.
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Vladimir, Lub Hnub Liab (thiab, raws li, Ruslan thiab Lyudmila), "araps", uas yog, cov neeg As Kiv tsis siv ib sabers - nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog riam phom ntawm Turks - steppe nomads los ntawm Central Asia thiab nws nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau Tebchaws Europe! "Araps" tawm tsam nrog ntaj ncaj, txawm hais tias tsis zoo ib yam li hauv Tebchaws Europe. Lawv kuj muaj rab riam nrog cov hniav ncaj los txhawm rau cov saw xa ntawm cov yeeb ncuab swb rau hauv av, tab sis sabers tau tshwm sim thiab kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntau tom qab.
Qhov txaus ntshai tiag tiag yog kev hlub ntawm cov tub rog Indian rau cov tiv thaiv nrog hneev. Lawv txawm muab cov mace nrog lawv, tsis hais txog ntaj thiab sabers. Tab sis rab riam kuj tau txais lawv! Piv txwv li, Indian dagger chilanum yog ib txwm siv rab riam Indian, faib los ntawm Punjab thiab Nepal mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Is Nrias teb, nyob rau xyoo 17th. Ntev 27 cm; hniav ntev 19, 1 cm; qhov hnyav 229, 6 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Sab hnub tuaj cov hniav sib txawv tsis tsuas yog hnyav, ua tiav, zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig cua, tab sis kuj tseem qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm ntaj sib ntaus hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj muaj lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov tub rog Arab tau qhia ua ntej kom ntaus tus yeeb ncuab lub ntaj nrog rab ntaj nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev los txiav nws … ntiv tes! Tab sis qhov no txhais li cas? Tias nws tau dag ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov hniav ntawm tus ntaj nws tus kheej tau nqaim dua li ntawm European ib leeg, thiab rab ntaj nws tus kheej tau yooj yim dua! Tom qab ntawd, thaum tus yeeb ncuab raug yuam kom ntaj ntaj, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thiab txiav nws lub taub hau nrog lub tshuab thib ob!
Ntawd yog, peb nco ntsoov tias ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev siv rab ntaj, thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg As Kiv yog qhov raug rho tawm, tsis yog rab phom! Tus tub rog Arab uas muaj npe nrov thiab sau ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 12th, koom nrog ntau qhov kev tawm tsam nrog cov neeg tawg rog, Osama ibn Munkyz, hauv nws phau ntawv sau keeb kwm keeb kwm "Phau Ntawv Kho Kom Zoo" qhia txog qhov xwm txheej zoo uas tau tshwm sim rau nws thaum nws tseem hluas, thaum nws rov los los ntawm kev mus rau Sheizar tsev fuabtais. Nws tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm tus neeg tua neeg-tus tswvcuab ntawm pawg neeg tua neeg-Hashye-eaters, siv riam phom: "Kuv tuav nrog tus neeg tua neeg … ib qho me me. Tus kws ntaus hlau hauv kuv lub nroog hais tias nws tuaj yeem tshem nws tau, tab sis kuv hais kom nws tso nws li nws yog, vim qhov no yog lub cim zoo tshaj plaws rau kuv rab ntaj. Thiab lub cim no tau raug khaws cia rau niaj hnub no. " Ntawd yog, Osama ibn Munkyz, zaum ntawm tus nees, txiav ob rab riam ntawm rab riam nrog ib lub tshuab (ib txwm, lub tshuab poob rau ntawm nws cov hniav, thiab tsis hla cov hniav) thiab … txhais tes uas tuav nws!
Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav cov khoom siv riam phom los ntawm ib leeg. Qee tus neeg ua hniav, ib tus neeg tuav …
Nov yog lub xyoo pua puv 19 Moroccan jambia, nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo. Hlau, nyiaj … iav! Ntev 41, 8 cm; hniav ntev 24, 1 cm; qhov hnyav 263, 7 g; qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 292 g, vim lawv yog hlau. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Thiab tsis muaj lawv.
Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv nto moo D. Nicole hauv tus lej ntawm nws cov haujlwm sau tseg tias Arab, Persian, Turkish thiab Indian cov kws ntaus hlau ua cov ntaj uas zoo heev, thiab, yog, qhov tseeb, sib zog dua li cov nyob sab Europe. Piv txwv li, cov hniav ntawm galaya rab ntaj yog li 5 cm dav thiab los ntawm 90 txog 115 cm ntev, thiab dav salmani yog 7-8 thiab 90 centimeters, feem. Saber uas tau nqis los rau peb los ntawm Nishapur nyob rau tiam 9th - 11th centuries. qhov dav ntawm cov hniav yog 3.5 centimeters, thiab qhov ntev yog 71.5 centimeters thiab nws yuav luag ncaj. Hauv nws qhov kev xav, cov hniav sab hnub tuaj tom qab muaj qhov tsis sib xws, txawm hais tias lawv txoj kev nkhaus maj mam pib loj tuaj.
Indian dagger khanjar (khanjarli), 17th - 18th centuries Tej zaum nws yuav tsis muaj tus zov. Hlau, kaus ntxhw, kub, rubies. Ntev 29, 2 cm; qhov hnyav 266, 5 g. Tam sim no xav txog tias rab riam phom no tau tuav hauv koj txhais tes thiab koj yuav tsum tuav nws … Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Albanian jambiya ntawm xyoo pua 18th Them sai sai rau tus tav nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm hom riam phom no, thiab ob-edged ntse. Tau kawg, ntawm sab tes xis nws yog riam phom txaus ntshai. Hlau, ntoo, kub, tooj liab, tooj liab, corals. Ntev 46, 7 cm; hniav ntev 42, 5 cm; hnyav 425, 2 g; scabbard hnyav 277, 8 g Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Tab sis ntawm no yog rab ntaj … dhau sijhawm, ib yam li rab yaj phom niaj hnub no, nws tau dhau los ua riam phom xwm txheej ntau ntxiv, yog li qhov nyiam tshaj tawm los kho lawv, qee zaum ciam teb ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Nws tseem paub tias kev tshawb fawb tub rog tsis zam qhov tsis yooj yim, tab sis yuav ua li cas thiaj tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov muaj teeb meem tsis yooj yim tuav ntawm cov hniav? Ntawd yog, dab tsi tseem ceeb dua hauv ntau kis? Hniav los yog hilt? Yog lawm, tuav uas sib raug rau qee yam thiab kev coj noj coj ua, tab sis tom qab ntawv nws yog riam phom zoo li cas?
Ib qho ntxiv, cov duab ntawm cov hniav nkhaus hauv cov riam phom luv luv ua rau muaj lus nug ntau. Nqa rab ntaj lossis saber hauv koj txhais tes thiab viav vias … Saber, tshwj xeeb nrog yelman tom kawg ntawm cov hniav, yuav coj koj txhais tes los ntawm nws tus kheej, thaum nrog ntaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. nrog rab riam ntse ntswj mus rau lub ntsiab lus, "koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm." Tes, ntawm qhov tod tes, yooj yim ua rau lub zog txav mus los hauv lub voj voog, thiab tib yam nkaus, sab sab, txuas ntxiv ntawm tes, yooj yim muab lub zog ruaj khov. Tab sis sim coj "rab riam nkhaus" hauv koj txhais tes thiab "ntaus" nrog nws zoo li qub. Ib rab riam nrog rab riam ncaj - ntau npaum li koj nyiam! Kuv tso lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj kom nws nkag tau yooj yim ntawm tus tav thiab … mus rau tom ntej! Nws yuav yooj yim dua nrog cov qauv, tab sis qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas lo cov hniav nkhaus? Ntxiv mus, thaum tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam koj. Ntawd yog, qee qhov kev coj ua, kev txawj yuav xav tau ntawm no, thiab ntau "nkhaus" rab riam yog, qhov nyuaj nws yuav ua nws, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm ntau dhau los ua rau lub qhov txhab raug txiav nrog zog!
Cov lus Turkish nrog cov nyiaj thiab niello txiav 1650 - 1700, Ntev 102, 54 cm. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Ntawd yog, cov riam dag feem ntau yuav muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Lawv hais tias, qhov no yog riam phom txaus ntshai, tab sis … los ntawm thiab loj heev tsis ua rau tuag (yog tias koj tsis tawm tsam, tau kawg, los ntawm tom qab tom qab, thiaj li txiav tus yeeb ncuab lub caj pas tam sim!). Tab sis txij li thaum kuv muaj nws, nws txhais tau tias kuv yog neeg siab dawb, nplua nuj, muaj riam phom thiab muaj cov txuj ci tsim nyog los siv nws - saib kuv! Nws hloov tawm tias nws yog hom ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm tus neeg sab hnub tuaj. Peb muab tso rau ntawm peb daim ntawv hla tebchaws lub tsho tiv no ua los ntawm tawv tawv Arabian. Dab tsi rau? Tsuas yog kom lub hau npog tsis txhob tawg? H-e-e-t! Qhia - "tab sis kuv muaj." Tab sis koj yuav tsis tua leej twg nrog daim ntawv hla tebchaws, tab sis ntawm no nws yog qhov txaus siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig - thiab txhua yam nyob hauv koj txoj siv!
Nws yog qhov nthuav, txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov Turks - lees paub tus tswv ntawm cov hniav nkhaus, ob sabers thiab rab riam, ob qho tib si tsim thiab siv cov hniav ncaj. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov ntaj, lawv feem ntau muab tso rau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib feem ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig yuav tsum raug tshem tawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd tus neeg tau txais lub sijhawm los nthe nthawv nthe ntawm rab ntaj thiab … npaj txhij muab nws pov rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab! Zoo, yog tias nws tseem ua nws nrog nws sab tes laug, thiab, kom paub tseeb, muaj tus tswv zoo, tom qab ntawd cov yeeb ncuab tau nyuaj rau ntawm no, nws tsis xav txog qhov no kiag li! Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias lub dart ncaj tsis tuaj yeem zais hauv rab phom ntawm saber nrog cov hniav nkhaus!
Indian kutar nrog … tus hniav nkhaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nyhav 351, 5 g. Vim li cas rab hneev nti yuav tsum tau cov hniav nkhaus, txawm hais tias me me nkhaus? Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Tab sis tus kutar no, ib yam … tsis zoo dua li ib txwm. Tab sis … ua tiav! "Thiab peb yog!" XVIII-XIX ib. Ntev 53.5 cm. Nyhav 657.7 g. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Yog li nws tsis muaj qhov laj thawj uas lawv hais tias "Sab Hnub Tuaj yog qhov teeb meem me me." Muaj ntau yam uas zoo li pom tseeb, tab sis qhov tseeb muaj qee yam sib txawv kiag li.
