Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle

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Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle
Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle

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Video: Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle
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Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm monuments thiab ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Croatia los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th txog 17th. Thiab qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog lub hom phiaj nthuav rau kev kawm txog tub rog thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm lub nroog, tab sis kuj yog qhov zoo heev, Kuv xav hais tias, qhov chaw txawv txawv uas tso cai rau koj kom hnov lub siab ntawm medieval antiquity qub thiab tib lub sij hawm qhuas lub hiav txwv. thiab roob ntawm Croatian Zagorje. Lawv hais tias saib ntawm lub hiav txwv tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis tsis yog nyob saum roob. Kuj tseem muaj qhov kev xav tsis sib xws - tib neeg sib txawv, kev txiav txim siab sib txawv. Tab sis qhov chaw no tuaj yeem sib haum xeeb ob qho tib si thiab lwm tus, thiab leej twg nkees ntawm lub roob, thiab dej hiav txwv yuav zoo saib ntawm lub tsev fuabtais!

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Saib thiab da dej, da dej - thiab rov saib dua

Raws li kuv twb tau sau hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, ntau tus neeg los ntawm thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe tuaj rau cov kob ntawm Krk, nyob hauv tib lub nroog Niznice. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau chav tsev nyob sab nraud Bella Kamik, muaj chaw pw hav zoov rau cov neeg taug kev hauv tsheb nrog lub tsev ntoo, tus kheej ntiag tug puam, khw muag khoom, cafes thiab barbecue. Ntawm no koj tseem tuaj yeem xauj tsheb (lossis koj tuaj yeem xauj lub nkoj lossis yacht!) Thiab teem caij taug kev ncig cov kob. Tau kawg, ob lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tsev fuabtais, nws yog chav zoo nkauj, txawm hais tias ntau tus yog cov neeg qub heev. Cov no tsis yog Welsh castles ntawm Conwy thiab Carnarvon, thiab tsis yog Fab Kis Carcassonne, tab sis tau mus xyuas cov tsev fuabtais no, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem rov ua rau koj tus kheej hauv hiav txwv nrog txhua yam koj xav tau (txawm hais tias Welsh castles sawv ntawm dej, tab sis nws yog txias heev nyob ntawd, txawm tias yog lub caij sov!)

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Dab tsi yog "tom qab Rome"

Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej, cia peb paub txog qhov tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Croatia nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Roman faj tim teb chaws ploj mus thiab Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj ntawm ntau haiv neeg sib xyaw ntau haiv neeg thiab tib neeg hauv Europe. Nws yog thaum ntawd Croats tshwm ntawm no, tab sis lawv tuaj qhov twg tuaj - tsuas yog Vajtswv paub!

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Hauv lawv txoj kev txav los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus rau Sab Hnub Poob, ntau tus tib neeg tau sib xyaw ua ke nrog lwm tus thiab feem ntau pom lawv tus kheej ntau txhiab mais ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob qub. Txhuv. Angus McBrpide: "Avar warrior (sab laug), sab xis - Bulgarian thiab Slavic, yos rov qab rau xyoo pua 6. Nws yog thaum ntawd Avars siab phem "tsim txom" Dulebs tsis muaj hmoo, thiab tom qab ntawd … lawv tau coj los ntawm qhov ua pov thawj ntawm Vajtswv, thiab ploj mus - "aki obre tau tuag."

Qhov tseeb yog tsis yog ib qhov ntawv sau tau muaj txoj sia nyob uas tuaj yeem qhia peb txog kev hloov chaw ntawm Croats mus rau thaj av ntawm Illyria nyob rau xyoo pua 7. Cov kws sau keeb kwm tsuas tuaj yeem cia siab rau cov ntawv sau uas tau suav ua ke ntau pua xyoo tom qab, thiab lawv tau ua los ntawm dab tsi? Ntawm kev hais lus pej xeem qhov ncauj, uas, hmoov tsis, tsis yog ib qho uas ntseeg tau heev "yam".

Feem ntau, raws li cov qauv ib txwm muaj, Croats koom nrog pab pawg South-Western ntawm South Slavs, thiab lawv "nqis" ntawm no "nqis" mus rau thaj av Croatian, los ntawm sab qaum teb, los ntawm thaj av Poland thiab, tej zaum, niaj hnub Ukraine Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Croats, zoo li txhua lwm haiv neeg Slavic thaum ntxov, tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm heev uas lawv tau txiav txim los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg nomadic ntawm Alans. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kawm lus - lus ua liaj ua teb muaj keeb kwm Slavic. Nees yug me nyuam - Iran hais lus! Ntawd yog, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Alans rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Croats yog qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev ntseeg ntawm lawv cov lus thiab hauv cov tsiaj ntawv.

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Konstantin Porphyrogenitus qhia …

Muaj tsab ntawv "Hais txog kev tswj hwm lub tebchaws", uas yog tus cwj mem ntawm Byzantine tus huab tais Constantine Porphyrogenitus, nrog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov neeg nyob ze ntawm Byzantine Empire, sau los ntawm nws ntawm 948 thiab 952. qhia Roman II - nws tus txais cuab tam. Nws hais tias yav qab teb Slavs txog 600 AD tau tsiv mus rau lawv qhov chaw nyob los ntawm Galicia (thiab ib ntawm ib pawg neeg ntawm Galicia tau raug hu ua - "White Croats") thiab Central Danube lowland. Cov Slavs tau coj los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg Avar nomadic, uas tsim Avar Kaganate ntawm thaj av ntawm Croatia thiab Pannonia. Cov neeg nyob hauv tau ua tiav lawv txoj kev taug hauv Dalmatia, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd koom nrog Tebchaws Roman Sab Hnub Tuaj. Phau ntawv hais tias tsib tus kwvtij tuaj rau Dalmatia: Klukosha, Lobela, Kosencha, Mühlo thiab Hrvata thiab lawv ob tug muam, Tuga thiab Buga.

Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle
Croatia: Krk Island thiab Krk Castle

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 620, nthwv dej thib ob ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj txog, thiab Byzantine tus huab tais Heraclius nug Croats tawm tsam Avars uas hem Byzantium. Nws yog qhov ua tau uas peb tab tom tham txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm 623, thaum tus thawj coj ntawm Slavs Samo tau tsa kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Avars thiab kov yeej lawv. Tab sis muaj lwm qhov chaw uas tsis tau lees paub dab tsi tau sau hauv tsab ntawv "Nyob ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws" txog kev tuaj txog ntawm Croats hauv Dalmatia. Los ntawm lawv peb tuaj yeem xaus tias Croats yog Slavs uas tseem nyob hauv Dalmatia, uas tuaj ntawm no ua ke nrog Goths raws li kev coj ntawm tus thawj coj Totila. Lub Sijhawm Dukli kuj tau tshaj tawm tias Croats thiab Goths tsis yog txhais tau tias yog kev phooj ywg zoo, tab sis ntawm kev ua phem rau ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua tau, Croats tuaj ntawm no thiab nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Drava River, Hiav Txwv Adriatic, thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Roman Empire, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim lawv ob lub hauv paus ntawm no: Pannonia nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Dalmatia nyob rau sab qab teb..

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Kev cai raus dej raws li Roman canon

Phau ntawv "Liber Pontificalis" (lossis "Book of Popes") tshaj tawm tias thawj qhov kev sib cuag ntawm Roman Catholic Lub Koom Txoos thiab Croats tau tshwm sim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 7. Nws yog thaum ntawd Pope John IV, uas nws tus kheej yog los ntawm Dalmatia, tau xa tus pov thawj Martin mus rau thaj av ntawm Dalmatia thiab Keeb Kwm, uas tau ntsib nrog cov thawj coj ntawm Croatian ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua txoj hauv kev txuas ntxiv kev sib raug zoo ntawm papacy thiab Croats.

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Txawm li cas los xij, txheej txheem ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv tus kheej tau ntev. Nws kuj tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 7. nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab xaus rau sab qaum teb, hauv Pannonia, nyob qhov twg hauv lub xyoo pua 9th. Byzantine cov peev txheej hais txog qee tus tub huabtais Porin, uas ua kev cai raus dej nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Emperor Heraclius, thiab tom qab ntawd hais txog tub huabtais Porg, uas tau mus ntsib los ntawm cov tub txib Loos thiab tseem xav kom ntseeg kev ntseeg. Tab sis cov dab neeg hais tias lawv pib ua kev cai raus dej nyob hauv Dalmatian tus tub huabtais Yug. Thiab nws yuav zoo yog tias lawv txhua tus - thiab Porin, thiab Porga, thiab Yug - yog ib tus thiab tib tus neeg, uas nws lub npe tau hloov pauv ua lus haiv neeg sib txawv.

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Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tom qab dhau los ua neeg ntseeg, Croats tsis siv Latin hauv kev pabcuam los saum ntuj los. Txhua lub koom txoos cov kev pabcuam thiab kev coj noj coj ua lawv tau ua ua lawv hom lus, thiab sau ua Glagolitic. Ntxiv mus, xws li kev tso cai tau muab rau lawv los ntawm Pope Innocent IV, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd thiab maj mam ua Latin dhau los ua pawg ntseeg lus ntawm Croats.

Krk tsev fuabtais: sab nraum thiab sab hauv

Tom qab, tau koom nrog hauv European txoj cai thiab muaj cov kwv tij ntseeg nyob rau sab hnub poob, Croats lawv tus kheej tsis poob rau kev cia siab rau leej twg. Croatia yog ib feem ntawm Charlemagne thiab tus huab tais Italian Lothair, lawv yuav tsum tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm Saracen pirates, Bulgarians thiab Byzantines, ntxiv rau Hungarians thiab Mongols. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas ntau tsev neeg muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Croatia hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog tau txais cov tsev fuabtais, qhov uas lawv tau mus nkaum hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev cuam tshuam. Thiab ib ntawm lawv yog Krk tsev fuabtais.

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Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom tau nws thaum nyob hauv Nizhnitsa. Koj nce mus rau sab saud ntawm lub zos mus rau txoj kev loj hla nws, muaj "chaw nres tsheb ntses bass thaj tsam" - ob lub tsheb npav iav nres ib sab thiab nrog ib qho nyob ntawm ib sab ntsib lub hiav txwv, koj tawm mus rau lub nroog Krk. Thiab nyob ntawd koj nqes mus rau hiav txwv thiab ntawm nws ntug dej hiav txwv, kom nws nthwv dej ntaus lub pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus, nrhiav lub tsev fuabtais no. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog me me, rov zoo thiab zoo li chav. Kuv tus kheej yuav tua cov yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm hauv nws nrog cov tub rog, poj niam zoo nkauj, tshuaj lom hauv khob, tua tom qab daim ntaub thaiv thiab kov tshaj tawm txoj kev hlub txoj cai ntawm phab ntsa, nruab nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm hnub poob hla hiav txwv.

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Lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim txog cuaj puas xyoo dhau los, thiab koom nrog tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Frankopans. Niaj hnub no nws yog qhov chaw nyiam mus ncig ua si, thiab nws tsuas yog ib nrab khaws cia nws qhov qub. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv lub tsev fuabtais thiab taug kev nrog nws cov phab ntsa thiab peb lub yees.

Qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm nws yog Square Tower. Nws ntseeg tias thaum xub thawj nws yog lub tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis raws li ib txwm muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawd, cov tub rog ntawm tus saib xyuas hauv nroog tseem nqa tus neeg saib xyuas nyob ntawd thiab ua lub tswb nrov yog tias lub nroog muaj kev phom sij. Saum lub rooj vag muaj cov ntawv sau nthuav: "Nov yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov zej zog hauv xyoo ntawm tus Tswv 1191".

Frescoes tau pom nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm plaster ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Square Tower, uas qhia meej rau peb tias nws tau siv rau kev cai dab qhuas kev cai dab qhuas. Tab sis tom qab ntawd qee qhov laj thawj tau hloov kho rau kev hais plaub hauv tsev hais plaub. Hnub no, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub tsev fuabtais pib nrog nws: nyob rau hauv thawj lub tsev koj yuav pom cov duab qub tshaj plaws nrog lub npe ntawm lub nroog Krk sau rau nws, yos rov qab rau xyoo pua 4 BC. lub sijhawm, thiab qhov thib ob nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm tsev neeg Frankopan thiab kev nthuav tawm cov khaub ncaws los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

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Lub pej thuam uas rov zoo zoo nkauj, kom paub tseeb. Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov pob zeb coj los tawm ntawm phab ntsa uas ntau yam tuaj yeem ntsia tau. Eh, koj pom, lawv tsis pom lawv tus kheej Ville Le Duc, uas tau rov kho lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Carcassonne hauv Fabkis ntau dua qhov tseeb.

Tom qab ntawd muaj ob lub yees: Venetian thiab Austrian, npe tom qab lub sijhawm lawv rov tsim dua tshiab. Venetian Tower raug hu ua Round (vim nws yog puag ncig) thiab tau rov tsim dua thaum cov Venetians txiav txim siab cov kob. Los ntawm nws qib ob koj tuaj yeem mus rau phab ntsa tsev fuabtais, uas muaj kev pom zoo ntawm hiav txwv thiab roob. Lub pej thuam Austrian tau rov qab los ntawm Austrians thaum Croatia yog ib feem ntawm Austro-Hungarian Empire, thiab muaj lub qhov rais Romanesque los ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem saib ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab … qhov pom no zoo nkauj heev.

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Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob deb ntawm peb tsis zoo ib yam li lawv tam sim no, thiab qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Muaj lub ru tsev nyob saum lawv, lub qhov khoob tau npog nrog cov ntaub thaiv tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov neeg hneev taw thiab cov neeg hla hneev tsuas yog tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Kuj tseem muaj ntim nrog tshauv - kom koj tuaj yeem plua plav qhov muag ntawm cov neeg uas nce ntaiv nce. Pob zeb - pov rau ntawm lub taub hau, zoo, ntim nrog cov dej npau tau nqa tuaj ntawm no raws li xav tau. Muaj lub pas dej nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais rau kev muab cov dej haus.

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Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txaus nyiam ntawm no, zoo, lub tsev fuabtais me me, nthuav tawm me me. Tab sis … thaum koj nyob rau hnub so, vim li cas ho tsis zoo siab rau qhov tsis xws luag?

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Zoo, thiab koj tawm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, tshaib plab - koj tuaj yeem tam sim thiab muaj tom. Hauv thawj lub tsev noj mov lossis tsev noj mov uas tuaj nrog, txawm tias lo lus, tsis hais lus Lavxias lossis Askiv, xaj kom taug kev. "Taug kev" thiab qhov ntawd yog txhua yam, txawm tias chilled dawb cawv yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws, txij li qhov no yog ntses zaub nrog txiv lws suav. Cov neeg hauv zos noj nws nrog polenta (pob kws porridge!), Tab sis ntawm lub tsev noj mov koj tseem tuaj yeem thov cov qos yaj ywm mashed, uas yog cov neeg Lavxias paub dua, hu ua masd qos. Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau pluas su rau ob tus neeg laus thiab ib tus menyuam yog "phaj loj" ntawm cov neeg coob "(" phaj loj ntawm cov qwj nplais ") thiab ntxiv nrog cawv dawb lossis hauv zos Croatian npias. Nws yuav nthuav heev rau koj los ua haujlwm rau nws, thiab koj yuav tsis khuv xim qhov koj tau xaj nws.

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