Yog li, xyoo 1991, thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Yugoslavia kev sib tsoo, Yugoslav Cov Tib Neeg Cov Tub Rog tau raug txiav txim siab yog pawg tub rog thib 4 hauv Tebchaws Europe raws li tus lej (180,000 tus neeg) thiab yog ib tus tub rog European uas muaj zog tshaj plaws. Nws lub nkoj thauj khoom muaj txog 2000 lub tsheb: 1000 lub tsheb niaj hnub Soviet T-54 thiab T-55, 93 T-72, txog 450 qhov tshiab tshaj Yugoslavian M-84 thiab tus lej Asmeskas M-47s qub, uas raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam. M-4 "Sherman" (kwv yees li 300) thiab T-34-85 (txog 350) tau pauv mus rau qhov tshwj tseg thiab xa mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom.
JNA tseem muaj 400 M-80 BMPs, 500 M-80A BMPs thiab 300 M-60R taug qab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Yugoslav ntau lawm. 200 Soviet BTR-152 (40), BTR-50 (120) thiab BTR-60 (80), nrog ob qhov kawg hauv KShM version, thiab 100 Asmeskas ib nrab-khiav M-3A1. Cov neeg nqa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov tub rog Romanian TAV-71M (sib txawv ntawm BTR-60PB) raug xa mus rau tub ceev xwm. Rau kev tshawb nrhiav, 100 PT-76, 50 BRDM-2 thiab 40 qub Soviet Soviet BTR-40 thiab Asmeskas M-8 cov tsheb tiv thaiv tau siv. JNA tub ceev xwm tub rog pib tau txais lub log log niaj hnub no BOV-VP cov tub rog nqa khoom ntawm Yugoslav kev tsim khoom.
Nws yuav zoo li cov tub rog zoo li tau npaj tawm tsam txhua qhov kev hem thawj sab hauv thiab sab hauv, tab sis cov xwm txheej ntxiv tau qhia lwm yam …
"Kaum Hnub Tsov Rog" hauv Slovenia
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1991, Slovenian thawj coj tau tshaj tawm tias nws tau tswj hwm lub dav hlau thiab ciam teb ntawm cov koom pheej thiab tau hais kom cov tub rog hauv nroog npaj npaj mus txeeb chaw ntawm Yugoslav Cov Tib Neeg Cov Tub Rog (JNA).
Cov keeb kwm me me digression: tom qab nkag los ntawm Warsaw Pact pab tub rog mus rau Czechoslovakia xyoo 1968, Yugoslav kev coj noj coj ua txiav txim siab tias Yugoslavia yuav yog kab tom ntej, thiab xyoo 1969 tau txais nws tus kheej cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev ua tsov rog tag nrho, hu ua cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws tag nrho. Cov lus qhuab qhia tau ua raws qhov kev paub ntawm kev tawm tsam Yugoslav cov koom nrog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov koog ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam (TO) tau tsim, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog. Txhua ntawm Yugoslav koomhaum koomhaum koomhaum muaj nws tus kheej ua tub rog rau cov koog, thaum lub koomhaum koomhaum tagnrho muaj Yugoslav Cov Tibneeg Cov Tub Rog, uas muaj nws tus kheej tshwj tseg. TO tsom mus rau cov chav me me ntawm cov tub rog lub teeb tiv thaiv hauv thaj chaw uas lawv paub zoo. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog lub tuam txhab. Ntau tshaj 2,000 lub chaw tsim khoom, cov nroog thiab cov koom haum nthuav tawm cov chav zoo sib xws. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob. Hauv ib cheeb tsam, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog kuj tau tsim, uas muaj cov phom loj, tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab muaj qee lub tsheb tiv thaiv.
Yog li, Slovenes muaj lawv tus kheej cov tub rog, suav nrog 15 707 tus neeg, muaj riam phom me me, riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab MANPADS.
Cov tub rog ntawm Slovenian TO nrog 20-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom M-55 ntawm Yugoslav ntau lawm
Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 1990, Slovenia tsis xa cov neeg nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm mus rau JNA thiab tsis tau hloov pauv se cov tub rog, uas yog 300 lab dinars, rau cov peev nyiaj koomhaum. Cov peev nyiaj no tau siv los yuav riam phom hauv Hungary, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Poland rau kev saib xyuas lub zog, feem ntau yog siv riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, piv txwv li, German RPG "Armbrust" thiab Soviet RPG-7 tau yuav.
Cov tub rog ntawm Slovenian TO tab tom npaj tawm mus los npaj kev rau txim rau ntawm JNA lub tsheb thauj neeg mob
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tseemfwv tseem tabtom cob qhia thiab muab riam phom Slovenian TO rau. Slovenian Defense Minister Janez Jansa sau txog qhov no:
"Txhua yam tshwm sim zoo heev! … JNA nws tus kheej tau qhia peb cov tub rog tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Txhua xyoo cov kws qhia zoo tshaj plaws tau xa los ntawm Belgrade. Lawv paub tseeb tias peb muaj peev xwm ua dab tsi. Txhawm rau poob rau hauv qhov cuab, uas lawv tsis tsuas yog paub txog, tab sis kuj tau pab txhawb rau nws kev teeb tsa, yog qhov siab ntawm kev khav theeb thiab kev tsis lees paub."
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, nyob rau hnub tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej, Slovenian Defense Minister Janez Jansa thiab Minister Sab Hauv Bovcar tau tshaj tawm kom sau cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Hauv kev xav, qhov no yog 70,000 tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, Slovenes tau tswj hwm thaj tsam 30,000 tus neeg sib ntaus thiab tub ceev xwm. Lawv tau faib thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm Slovenia, ib puag ncig cov khoom tseem ceeb, lossis hauv thaj chaw tau txiav txim ua ntej los ntawm phiaj xwm tiv thaiv.
Tib hnub ntawd, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Yugoslavia Ante Markovic qhia JNA cov lus txib kom tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej hauv Slovenian peev Ljubljana.
Cov tsheb tso tsheb loj loj PT-76 thiab BRDM-2 JNA tab tom txav mus rau tshav dav hlau ntawm Ljubljana Brnik
JNA chav nyob uas tau pib tawm tsam tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam hnyav los ntawm Slovenian thaj chaw sib cais. Ntawm ciam teb nrog Austria, ntawm txoj kev ntawm JNA units, txoj hauv kev tau raug thaiv thiab thaiv cov thaiv.
Cov tub rog hnub nyoog 18-20 xyoo ntawm tsoomfwv tub rog, uas tau hais tias lawv yuav "tiv thaiv lawv lub tebchaws los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm NATO cov tub rog," tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv tseem tsis tau muab cov mos txwv (lawv tsis tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam hnyav)), ntsib cov neeg tshwj tseg uas tau kawm tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam ntau lub hlis rau kev ywj pheej. Kev khiav tawm ntau ntawm cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm JNA ntawm Slovenes thiab Croats los ntawm haiv neeg pib. Hauv tebchaws Croatia, kev thaiv kab thaiv tau pib txhim kho ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm cov tub rog kab txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Slovenia. Kev tawm tsam pacifist tau nthuav tawm tsam JNA, qhov kev txav ntawm "cov tub rog niam" tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, xav kom rov qab sau cov ntawv sau tseg rau "lawv" cov koom pheej.
JNA cov tub rog hauv Slovenia
Thawj qhov kev sib cav ntawm Slovenes thiab JNA tau tshwm sim thaum tav su ntawm Lub Rau Hli 26. Qhov no thiab hnub tom ntej tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog thaj tsam kawg, hla dhau qhov uas, Yugoslavia tau nqis mus rau hauv qhov tob ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm JNA yog kaw ciam teb ntawm Slovenia nrog Ltalis thiab Austria, rau lub hom phiaj no ib kab ntawm 1990 cov tub rog ua haujlwm, 400 tus tub rog thiab 270 tus tub ceev xwm tau txav mus rau tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg taug kev tau mus rau hauv qhov ntxeev thiab thaiv cov teeb meem uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm txawb ntawm Slovenian TO, ntxiv rau, cov pej xeem hauv ib cheeb tsam kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam JNA - cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov nroog muaj neeg coob hauv txoj kev lossis ua cov thaiv.
Cov tub rog ntawm Slovenian TO nrog 82-mm Yugoslav-ua phom loj M-60A1 hauv kev tiv thaiv lub tank
Ob peb chav nyob ntawm JNA raug thaiv ntawm txoj kev. Pawg Tub Rog Ciam Tebchaws 65th raug ntes thiab swb lawm. Ob lub tuam txhab (lub tank thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm) ntawm lub tank tub rog uas tuaj rau nws qhov kev pab tsis tau nres tsis yog los ntawm kev tua hluav taws tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Slovenes, tab sis kuj los ntawm minefields, thiab ZSU BOV-3 cov tub rog uas tau tawm tsam thaum lub Peb Hlis. tau raug tua, tau poob 12 tus neeg tuag thiab 15 raug mob.
Ib tus neeg tua rog ntawm Slovenian TO ntawm lub tank puas M-84 JNA
Cov tub rog tua ntawm JNA ze ZSU BOV-3 raug tsoo los ntawm Slovenes
Thaum sib ntaus, Slovenes tswj kom txeeb tau ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb thauj tub rog los ntawm tsoomfwv pab tub rog.
Ib tus neeg tua rog ntawm Slovenian TO ntawm qhov ntes M-84 JNA
Txawm li cas los xij, JNA hais kom ua nws tus kheej tsis muaj phiaj xwm rau kev nqis tes ua ntxiv. Cov tshuab ua haujlwm tau taug kev tsis muaj teeb meem raws txoj kev hauv roob ntawm Slovenia, hlawv roj, nthuav tawm rau kev tua phom, nkag mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntsiag to thiab raug kev puas tsuaj. Lub zog tshwj xeeb tau siv me ntsis. Mehpatrolls tau raug xaj kom "siv riam phom tsuas yog qhov chaw kawg" thiab qhov "rooj plaub" no feem ntau xaus rau qhov poob ntawm JNA. Mechgroups (ze rau lub tuam txhab), tau hu mus rau qhov chaw ntawm Slovenes qhov kev tawm tsam, tsis muaj cov tub rog txaus, lossis txawm tias tsis muaj nws hlo li. JNA aviation ib zaug foob pob nws tus kheej pab tub rog, uas poob peb leeg raug tua, kaum peb raug mob, ib lub tank M-84 thiab ob lub M-60 cov tub rog nqa khoom raug puas tsuaj, peb ntxiv M-84 thiab plaub M-60 raug puas tsuaj.
Sab ntawm JNA hauv Slovenia
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, kev tawm tsam tsis ua haujlwm tau tso tseg. Thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 7, 1991, los ntawm kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm EEC, Brioni cov ntawv cog lus tau kos npe, raws li JNA tau cog lus tias yuav xaus kev ua phem rau hauv Slovenia, thiab Slovenia thiab Croatia tau ncua kev nkag mus rau hauv lawv qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej rau peb lub hlis. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1991, tus tub rog JNA kawg tawm ntawm Slovenia.
Thaum sib ntaus, kev poob ntawm Yugoslav Army (JNA) muaj txog 45 tus neeg raug tua, 146 raug mob, thaum 4693 tus tub rog ua haujlwm thiab 252 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv cov kev pabcuam raug kaw. 31 tso tsheb hlau luam tau xiam oob khab (qhov no suav nrog hlawv thiab puas tsuaj), 22 lub tsheb thauj tub rog, 172 lub tsheb thiab 6 lub nyoob hoom qav taub. Kev poob ntawm Slovenian cov tub rog tiv thaiv tus kheej muaj txog 19 tua (9 rau cov tub rog, tus so yog pej xeem) thiab 182 raug mob. Kuj tua 12 tus pej xeem txawv tebchaws, feem ntau yog cov tsav tsheb hauv kev pabcuam ntawm cov tuam txhab thauj thoob ntiaj teb. Cov Slovenes tau tswj hwm kom tau txais khoom plig raws li cov khoom siv ntawm ob lub nkoj rog thiab ib pab tub rog loj 2S1 "Gvozdika" ntawm JNA lub tank tub rog. Lawv kuj tau txais kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm tub rog, qee chav ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua, tub rog tiv thaiv ciam teb, khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm qee lwm chav. Tsuas yog cov tsheb uas muaj phom Slovenes tswj kom ntes tau ntau dua 100 units (60 M-84, 90 T-55 thiab tsawg kawg 40 T-34-85, BMP M-80, BTR M-60).
Cov tub rog ntawm Slovenian TO ntawm lub ntes T-55 JNA lub tank
Tsov rog hauv Croatia (1991-1995)
Txog thaum Croatia tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1991, kev ua tsov rog twb tau ua tiav hauv lub tebchaws, nruab nrab ntawm Serbs, uas ua rau 12% ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Croatia, thiab Croatian Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Sab Hauv. Croatian Serbs, uas nco tau zoo heev Ustasha kev tua neeg thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, txhawb los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb los ntawm Serbia, pib qhov kev hu ua. "cav kiv puag ncig" - los tsim txoj hauv kev thaiv cov log sib npaug thiab cov pob zeb loj txhawm rau tiv thaiv tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Croatian.
Hauv cov kev tawm tsam no, cov tub rog Croatian tau siv caj npab me thiab siv 17 lub tsheb tiv thaiv BOV-M ua haujlwm pabcuam.
Log tsheb tiv thaiv tsheb BOV-M Croatian tub ceev xwm, caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1991
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, JNA chav nyob nruab nrab, sim "cais" cov kev tawm tsam.
BOV-VP cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm tub ceev xwm tub rog JNA, Croatia, 1991
Tom qab los txog rau lub hwj chim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Franjo Tudjman, yav dhau los dav dav ntawm JNA, uas raug kaw rau kev ua nom ua tswv txawm tias nyob hauv Tito, Croats thaum kawg tau coj txoj kev cais tawm ntawm Yugoslavia thiab tsim lawv tus kheej cov tub rog, uas yog ua raws chav nyob ntawm TO thiab lub zog ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab kev yuav riam phom. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1991, Croatian National Guard tau tsim hauv Croatia, raws li qhov uas cov tub rog Croatian tau tsim tom qab. Nyob rau hauv lem, Serbs kuj pib tsim lawv tus kheej cov tub rog.
Nrog kev pib ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Slovenia, Croats tau pib thaiv lub JNA barracks, cov lus txib uas tau muab qhov kev txiav txim los ua qhov xwm txheej raug tswj hwm. Hauv qhov no, nws cov koog tau pab los ntawm Serbs hauv zos, thiab hauv ib hlis tom qab Croatia kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej, kwv yees li 30% ntawm lub tebchaws thaj av tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm JNA thiab lawv cov kev tawm tsam.
Tso tsheb hlau luam M-84 JNA, Croatia, 1991
Cov Croats, paub zoo tag nrho tias lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm JNA yog cov chav tso tsheb hlau luam, tau sim "thawb tawm daim npav no" los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv tank.
Croatian grenade launchers nyob rau hauv ambush
Cov JNA tankers hu ua tsov rog hauv Croatia "pob kws" vim yog kev cog pob kws txuas ntxiv mus, uas tau siv dav los ntawm Croats los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Ntxiv rau ATGMs thiab cov foob pob tawg, Croats, cov phom loj uas muaj rab phom loj tau siv los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tshwj xeeb yog nrog M-84, feem ntau yog txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv IR pom ntawm M-84 lub tank.
Cov neeg tua hluav taws Croatian ntawm lub tank puas M-84 JNA
Rov qab rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1991, piv txwv li ua ntej pib kev tawm tsam loj, ib pawg neeg Croatian sib cais tau nyob hauv lub tank chaw tsim khoom hauv lub nroog Slavonski Brod thiab ntes tau qee qhov tsuas yog sib dhos M-84 tso tsheb hlau luam, tiv thaiv los ntawm kaum tus tub rog JNA. Tom qab ntawd, nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txeeb riam phom hnyav, Croatian kev tsim qauv pib hu ua."kev ua tsov rog ntawm cov tub rog" - kev ntes riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog ntawm JNA cov chaw nyob hauv Croatia. Hauv chav kawm ntawm nws, Croats tswj tuav: 40 152-mm howitzers, 37 122-mm howitzers, 42 105-mm howitzers, 40 155-mm howitzers, 12 MLRS ntawm ntau hom, txog 300 82-mm thiab 120- caliber mortars. mm, 180 ZIS-3 thiab B-1 phom, 110 phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 100-mm caliber, 36 rab phom rau tus kheej ntawm ntau hom, 174 lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub tank, ntau dua 2000 lub foob pob foob pob, 190 tso tsheb hlau luam, 179 cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog thiab tsheb sib tua tub rog, 180 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm 20-mm caliber, 24 ZSU M-53/59 "Prague", 10 ZSU-57-2, 20 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, txog 200,000 rab phom me, 18,600 tons ntawm mos txwv, 1,630 tons roj, piv txwv li xyaum ua txhua yam riam phom ntawm 32nd corps ntawm JNA.
Ib kab ntawm JNA cov tsheb tiv thaiv uas ntes tau los ntawm Croats: nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm M-80A BMP, tom qab ntawd M-84 thiab T-55 tso tsheb hlau luam
Cov Croats tau nquag kho cov cuab yeej JNA puas, yog li lawv muaj peev xwm ntes tau thiab rov qab txog tsib caug lub tsheb loj M-84.
Lub tank M-84 raug ntes los ntawm Croats
Cov cuab yeej ntes tau tso cai rau Croats twb dhau lub Kaum Hlis 1991 los tsim lawv thawj pab tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm T-55, ntxiv rau ntxiv lawv cov tub rog nrog cov cuab yeej hnyav uas nws xav tau ntau heev.
Croatian tso tsheb hlau luam T-55
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev siv tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo: lub tuam txhab Croatian T-55s tau tawm tsam Yugoslavian M-84s faus rau hauv av "taub hau". 2 Croatian T-55s raug puas tsuaj, 3 tau puas tsuaj.
Ua kom puas Croatian T-55
Ib qho ntxiv, Gazel helicopters, uas siv 9M32 Malyutka ATGM, kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm Croatian cov cuab yeej siv phom.
Tua tawm ATGM 9M32 "Baby" los ntawm Yugoslavian "Gazelle" qhov siab
Croats tswj kom ntes ntau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm JNA, thiab tom qab ntawd rov kho thiab pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, Croatian M47 tso tsheb hlau luam raug ntes los ntawm JNA cov chaw khaws khoom tsis ua tau zoo hauv kev tawm tsam Serbian T-55s.
Ua kom puas lub tank Croatian M-47
Ua tau zoo dua los ntawm Croats T-34-85. Piv txwv li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua nrog Serbian pab tub rog nyob ze Dubrovnik, lub tank nrog cov ntawv "MALO BIJELO" tiv thaiv ob qhov kev tsoo los ntawm Malyutka ATGM, uas tsis tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm "peb caug-plaub" los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ob lub tsheb tiv thaiv, ib lub tsheb thiab ib qho T-55. Cov Croats tau sim them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm sab caj npab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam qub los ntawm dai cov hnab xuab zeb ntawm ob sab ntawm lub turret thiab hull.
Croatian T-34-85 "MALO BIJELO"
Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1991, ntawm cov cuab yeej raug ntes, Croats tau poob 55 rab phom thiab phom loj, 45 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 22 tus neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib tua hauv tsheb sib ntaus.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua rog hauv Croatia yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vukovar. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Croatian tau ua phem rau cov tub rog ntawm JNA cov tub rog nyob hauv Vukovar, vam tias yuav txeeb tau nws cov arsenals. Thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 3, JNA tau pib ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau thaiv cov neeg Yugoslav uas nyob ib puag ncig, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hauv nroog. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav los ntawm cov neeg Yugoslav Cov Tub Rog nrog 250 lub tsheb ua rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Serbian pab tub rog pab dawb (piv txwv li, Serbian Volunteer Guard nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Zeljko Razhnatovic "Arkana") thiab tau kav txij lub Cuaj Hlis 3 txog rau Kaum Ib Hlis Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1991, suav nrog kwv yees li ib hlis, txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog rau Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj, lub nroog tau nyob ib puag ncig. Lub nroog tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pawg ntawm Croatian National Guard thiab 1500 tus neeg tuaj pab dawb Croatian. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv, cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Vukovar tau tawm tsam zoo rau yuav luag peb lub hlis.
Tank M-84 JNA tows lub tank puas-M-84
Vukovar dhau los ua "lub qhov ntxa" ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm JNA, uas, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog, tau nkag mus hauv lub nroog hauv kab, uas lawv tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Croats.
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tawg ntawm JNA hauv Vukovar
Lub nroog poob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1991, thiab yuav luag raug puas tsuaj vim yog txoj kev sib ntaus, foob pob thiab foob pob hluav taws. Hauv kev sib ntaus rau Vukovar, 1.103 cov tub rog ntawm JNA, TO thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm pab dawb raug tua. 2,500 tau raug mob. Poob 110 units ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab 3 lub dav hlau. Croats poob 921 tua thiab 770 raug mob. Tsis tas li, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv nroog tau tuag.
Kab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam M-84 JNA hauv Vukovar
Nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Vukovar, txoj hauv kev ncaj qha mus rau Croatia peev Zagreb tau qhib rau pem hauv ntej ntawm JNA tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov kws sawv cev European tau cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws kev tswjfwm nruj los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob (los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd USSR tau tawg, thiab cov thawj coj Lavxias tshiab tsis muaj sijhawm rau teeb meem Balkan), Belgrade yuav tsum tso tseg nws cov tub rog thiab mus rau kev ua rog. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1992, lwm qhov kev pom zoo rau kev sib tua (15th uake) tau xaus ntawm ob tog kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau xaus qhov kev tawm tsam loj.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1992 Croatia tau lees paub los ntawm European Community. Thaum pib xyoo 1992, JNA pib thim nws cov tub rog tawm ntawm thaj tsam Croatia, tab sis thaj chaw uas nws nyob tseem nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Serbian cov tub rog, txij li ntau ntawm JNA chav nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau tswj los ntawm Serbs hauv zos thiab tom qab ntawd tau hloov pauv mus ua ib pawg. ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Serbian Krajina, uas tau ua tub rog nrog 303 tso tsheb hlau luam. suav nrog 31 M-84, 2 T-72, seem T-55, T-34-85 thiab ntab PT-76.
Tank M-84 ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Serbian Krajina
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Serbian rog tswj 13,913 km² hauv Krajina thiab Slavonia.
Qhov xwm txheej no tsis haum rau Croats heev, ntxiv rau, kev ua tsov rog twb pib hauv Bosnia-Herzegovina, uas yog ob pab tub rog Croatian thiab cov tub rog ntawm Serbian Krajina tau koom tes nrog. Yog li ntawd, kev ua siab phem txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws xyoo 1992, tab sis ntawm qhov me me thiab nrog kev cuam tshuam.
Croatian T-55
Hauv ntau txoj haujlwm, Croatian pab tub rog tau ua tiav kev tsav tsheb Serb tawm ntawm ntau qhov chaw tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog Croatian txuas ntxiv xyoo 1993.
Ua kom puas Croatian T-55
Lub Croats, txawm li cas los xij, tsis nkim sijhawm thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev qhia thiab khoom siv ntawm lawv pab tub rog, kev yuav khoom, txawm tias raug kaw, riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub teb chaws Yelemees nquag pab lawv hauv qhov no, ua siab dav muab ob qho khoom siv qub ntawm NNA qub ntawm GDR thiab nyiaj txiag rau kev yuav riam phom.
Ib qho ntxiv, Croats, tso siab rau kev tsim khoom lag luam, lawv tus kheej teeb tsa kev tsim riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog, suav nrog cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Yog li, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm TAM-110 cov tub rog tsheb thauj khoom, lawv tau tsim lub LOV lub log tsheb uas muaj phom. Lub cev ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv lub cev tau txuas los ntawm cov hlau ua hlau daim hlau, tiv taus kev tsoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov mos txwv ntawm caliber 7, 62 hli. Lub tshuab cua txias cua txias tau nruab rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub hull nruab nrab ntawm tus thawj coj thiab tus tsav tsheb lub rooj. Lub iav yog phau ntawv. Saum toj no lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull nce lub log me me, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov iav tsis tiv thaiv, hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub log tsheb muaj lub qhov qhib qhib rau pem hauv ntej. Hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull, saum tus thawj coj lub rooj zaum, muaj lub voos plaub fab uas qhib rov tom qab; lub cuab yeej ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tig rov qab tau teeb tsa ua ntej ntawm lub qhov. Hauv ob sab, ib sab ntawm tus thawj coj thiab lub rooj tsav tsheb, muaj qhov rooj qhib rau pem hauv ntej. Kev ncua ntawm lub log yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, txhua lub log tau nruab nrog lub tshuab nqus dej poob siab, muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev tswj hwm nruab nrab ntawm huab cua siab hauv pneumatics. Lub log pem hauv ntej tau taw qhia, lub zog txhawb nqa tau suav nrog hauv kev tswj hwm Circuit Court.
Lub tsheb muaj cov kev hloov kho hauv qab no:
- LOV-OP, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog uas tsim los nqa 10 tus tub rog nyob rau hauv lub iav tag nrho, tsis suav tus thawj coj thiab tus tsav tsheb;
- LOV-UP1 / 2, tsheb tswj phom loj;
- LOV-IZV, lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog tiv thaiv, nruab nrog cov cuab yeej siv xov tooj cua zoo tshaj;
- LOV-Z, hais kom ua thiab lub tsheb ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg coob ntawm rau;
- LOV-ABK, tsheb rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cim ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj;
- LOV-RAK, MLRS raws li lub tsheb tiv thaiv LOV. Sab nraub qaum ntawm lub hull tau raug txiav tawm, thiab tig lub 24-barreled launcher ntawm 128-mm unguided foob pob hluav taws raug teeb tsa ntawm lub platform ua haujlwm. Rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, rab phom tshuab 12.7 hli tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull.
- LOV-ED, lub tsheb ua tsov rog hluav taws xob, sab nrauv txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus neeg nqa khoom los ntawm cov kav hlau txuas ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv 1992-1995. 72 LOV cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim.
Croats tseem tau teeb tsa 9 lub foob pob ntawm Soviet 9K35 Strela-10 lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua, tau txais los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, ntawm lub chassis ntawm Yugoslav cov tub rog tsheb thauj khoom TAM-150, uas tau txais lub hneev hneev hneev nti ua los ntawm cov hlau ua hlau. Qhov "khoom" no muaj npe Xwb 10 CROA1.
Xyoo 1994 tau cim los ntawm tus txheeb ze nyob ntsiag to, nrog kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv Bosnia. Qhov kawg ntawm 1994, nrog rau kev sib kho ntawm UN, kev sib tham txawm pib ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm RSK thiab tsoomfwv Croatian. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau rov tshwm sim dua thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1995 tom qab Krajina poob kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Belgrade, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev nyuaj siab los ntawm zej zog thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, thaum Ua Haujlwm Xob Laim, tag nrho thaj av ntawm Western Slavonia tuaj nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Croatian. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Serb raug yuam kom khiav tawm thaj chaw no. Txawm li cas los xij, Croats tsis tuaj yeem ntes Eastern Slavonia, txij li Yugoslav pab tub rog pib txav cov tub rog thiab tso tsheb hlau luam mus rau ciam teb Croatian txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws txoj kev ntes.
Croatian T-55 nrog tsaws thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm xob laim
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 4, cov tub rog Croatian, ua ke nrog pab tub rog ntawm Bosnian Muslim, tau pib ua haujlwm Tempest, lub hom phiaj uas yog txhawm rau rov qab tswj hwm yuav luag txhua thaj chaw uas tswj los ntawm Krajina Serbs. Hauv kev ua haujlwm av loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe txij li Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, cov tub rog Croatian tau xa ntau dua 100,000 tus tub rog. Ntau tag nrho cov tub rog Croatian txij li kev tawm tsam ua ntej Tempest yog 248,000 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Muaj kwv yees li 45,000 tus neeg hauv Ministry of Internal Affairs. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Croatia tau ua tub rog nrog 393 chav ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv, suav nrog 232 tso tsheb hlau luam, nrog rau 320 daim phom loj. Hauv aviation, muaj 40 lub dav hlau (26 kev sib ntaus) thiab 22 lub dav hlau helicopters (10 kev sib ntaus). Croats tau tawm tsam los ntawm 27,000 tus tub rog Serb thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Hauv kev pabcuam yog 303 tso tsheb hlau luam, 295 lwm lub tsheb tiv thaiv, 360 lub phom loj loj, ntau lub dav hlau sib ntaus thiab dav hlau. Thaum lub sijhawm ua rog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1995, 14,900 tus neeg tau nyob hauv caj npab. Raws li phiaj xwm phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, qhov loj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm txhua qhov chaw yog kom loj hlob mus rau 62,500 tus neeg.
Kev tawm tsam tau ua tiav thaum Lub Yim Hli 9 thiab ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj. Cov tub rog ntawm Serbian Krajina tau swb ib nrab thiab thim rov qab rau hauv thaj chaw uas tswj hwm los ntawm Bosnian Serbs thiab Yugoslavia. Ntau tus pej xeem Serbian tau khiav nrog nws. Milosevic tsis tuaj yeem pab …
Croatian lub tank M-84 hauv lub nroog Serbian Krajina, lub nroog Knin
Hauv lub sijhawm no, Thawj Tswj Hwm Croatian Franjo Tudjman tau hais cov hauv qab no:
"Peb tau daws qhov teeb meem Serbian, yuav tsis muaj ntau dua 12% ntawm Serbs lossis 9% ntawm Yugoslavs, zoo li nws yog. Thiab 3%, yuav muaj pes tsawg leej, yuav tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntxiv rau xeev Croatian."
Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 12, 1995, tau pom zoo kev pom zoo ntawm tus sawv cev ntawm Croatia thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm RSK thiab Yugoslavia, uas tau txais cov lus qhia ntxaws los ntawm Slobodan Milosevic. Daim ntawv cog lus tau muab rau kev koom ua ke ntawm thaj chaw Serb-tswj hwm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavonia rau hauv Croatia, nrog rau Vukovar, uas ua rau muaj ntshav ntau los ntshav, nyob rau ob xyoos tom ntej. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1998, cov cheeb tsam no tau koom nrog hauv Croatia. Milosevic tseem tab tom yaum nrog Sab Hnub Poob nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis paub tias Serbia thiab nws tus kheej yuav nyob uake tom ntej …
