Baltics tau yog ib feem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Russia txij li lub sijhawm puag thaum ub. Hiav txwv Baltic nws tus kheej thaum ub tau hu ua Venedian (Varangian). Thiab Wends - Wends - Vandals thiab Varangians yog cov pab pawg Slavic -Lavxias sab hnub poob, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sab hnub poob mob siab rau ntawm pab pawg super -haiv neeg ntawm Rus.
Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman ntawm Rurikovich (Lub qub Lavxias xeev), suav nrog. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tsis sib haum, Baltics tau nkag mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia. Cov lus hais ntawm Lithuania yog Lavxias. Feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Grand Duchy yog neeg Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, maj mam Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia poob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Poland. Cov neeg Lavxias-Lithuanian cov neeg tseem ceeb (gentry) tau pib lees paub cov lus Polish, kev coj noj coj ua, thiab txav los ntawm kev teev ntuj thiab Orthodoxy mus rau Catholicism. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias sab hnub poob tau pib raug kev txom nyem tsis yog rau kev lag luam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau kev ntseeg thiab kev tsim txom hauv tebchaws.
Lub Baltic kuj tseem tau nthuav dav ntawm Swedish, Danish thiab German feudal lords. Nov yog li cas Livonia tau tsim - lub xeev ntawm cov tub rog German. Cov pab pawg neeg Baltic (cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Latvians thiab Estonians) lub sijhawm ntawd tau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm qhev, lawv tsis suav tias yog tib neeg. Txhua lub zog thiab txoj cai yog Livonian (Ostsee) Germans. Thaum Tsov Rog Livonian, Lavxias Tsar Ivan the Terrible tau sim xa rov qab ib feem ntawm Baltic mus rau Lavxias thaj tsam ntawm kev cuam tshuam, tab sis kev ua tsov rog tau ploj vim ntau qhov laj thawj. Tom qab ntawd, Livonia tau muab faib nruab nrab ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth thiab Sweden.
Thaum Tsov Rog Qaum Teb ntawm 1700 - 1721. thiab Tshooj ntawm Kev Koom Tes Hauv Tebchaws Peter the Great thiab Catherine the Great tau xa rov qab Baltic xeev rau Lavxias tswj hwm. Lub zos Baltic nom tswv (feem ntau yog Eastsee Germans) thiab cov neeg hauv nroog tau khaws tag nrho lawv cov cai thiab cov cai yav dhau los. Ntxiv mus, Baltic German cov neeg muaj koob npe tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias kev ua nom tswv kav tebchaws. Muaj ntau tus tub rog, tus sawv cev sawv cev thiab tus muaj meej mom ntawm lub teb chaws muaj keeb kwm German. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg nyob hauv Baltic nom tswv tau khaws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab lub zog hauv cheeb tsam.
Txog xyoo 1917, cov av Baltic tau muab faib ua Estland (nruab nrab ntawm Revel - tam sim no Tallinn), Livonia (Riga), Courland (Mitava - tam sim no Jelgava) thiab Vilna xeev (Vilno - niaj hnub Vilnius). Cov pejxeem tau sib xyaw: Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Russians, Germans, Jewish, etc. Kev ntseeg, Lutherans (Protestants), Catholics thiab Orthodox Christians feem ntau. Cov pejxeem ntawm Xeev Baltic tsis tau muaj kev thab plaub ntawm kev ntseeg lossis haiv neeg hauv tebchaws Russia. Ntxiv mus, thaj av muaj cov cai qub thiab kev ywj pheej uas cov pej xeem Lavxias nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Russia tsis muaj. Tshwj xeeb, serfdom hauv xeev Livonian thiab Estland tau raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm Alexander Great. Kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam tau nquag txhim kho, Tebchaws Baltic nyiam qhov zoo ntawm Russia kev lag luam "rooj vag" mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Riga koom nrog Kiev qhov chaw tseem ceeb thib peb (tom qab St. Petersburg thiab Moscow) hauv lub tebchaws.
Tom qab kev tawm tsam kev puas tsuaj xyoo 1917, Lub Tebchaws Baltic tau sib cais los ntawm Russia - cov xeev ntawm Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania tau tsim. Lawv tsis tau dhau los ua lub xeev puv ntoob, tab sis yog lub npe hu ua. limitrophes - thaj tsam ciam teb uas cov tswv yim nyiam ntawm USSR thiab cov tebchaws sab hnub poob tau sib tsoo. Great Western powers - Askiv, Fabkis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau sim siv Baltic xeev tawm tsam Russia. Hauv Peb Reich, lawv yuav ua rau Baltics lawv lub xeev.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lub neej ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Baltic tsis tau zoo dua tom qab kev poob ntawm Tebchaws Russia. Kev ywj pheej tsis coj kev vam meej. Hauv cov koom pheej Baltic niaj hnub no, tau tsim cov dab neeg hais tias 1920s - 1940s. - qhov no yog "lub sijhawm vam meej", thaum kev lag luam, kev coj noj coj ua, kev ywj pheej tau hloov pauv sai. Thiab Soviet Union nrog nws "kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog kev tu siab thiab kev puas tsuaj. Qhov tseeb, kev ywj pheej tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov pej xeem ntawm Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania: poob thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, vim kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, kev ya davhlau ntawm Eastsee Germans mus rau lub tebchaws Yelemes, teeb meem kev lag luam. Kev lag luam, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau poob qis heev: yav dhau los cov peev txheej kev lag luam tau poob lawm, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb tau dhau los ua ntej. Lub xeev Baltic tau tsis muaj peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kev lag luam hauv tebchaws Russia; lawv yuav tsum rov ua lawv tus kheej mus rau kev lag luam ntawm Western Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam Baltic tsis muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub poob, yog li ntawd, xyoo 1920s-1930s, nws hloov pauv mus yam tsis muaj neeg siv thiab yuav tuag. Feem ntau yog kev xa tawm ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam raug ntes los ntawm cov peev txawv teb chaws. Qhov tseeb, cov tebchaws Baltic tau dhau los ua neeg nyob hauv cov tebchaws hauv Europe.
Qhov tseeb, tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR xyoo 1991, keeb kwm rov ua nws tus kheej - kev sib tsoo thiab "kev ua lag luam ntiag tug" ntawm kev lag luam, kev ploj tuag thiab ya dav hlau ntawm cov pej xeem mus rau cov tebchaws nplua nuj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, qaug dab peg hauv kev lag luam hauv zos thiab seem kev lag luam los ntawm Western peev, ib nrab ib puag ncig txoj cai thiab kev ua tub rog ntawm NATO (Sab Hnub Poob) tawm tsam Russia.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsuas yog bourgeoisie - nyob deb nroog thiab nroog - tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv "kub" 20-30s. Feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem plunged rau kev txom nyem kev txom nyem. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev lag luam tau txiav txim siab ua ntej txog kev nom kev tswv ib yam nkaus. Kev lag luam muaj teeb meem tau ua rau tsoomfwv poob kev ywj pheej, uas tau qhia nws qhov ua tsis tiav thiab qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Qhov kev txhawb siab yog theem thib ob ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm peev txheej - Kev Nyuaj Siab Loj. Hauv Baltic cov koom pheej (Latvia thiab Estonia), yuav luag ib txhij - xyoo 1934, muaj kev tawm tsam. Hauv tebchaws Lithuania txawm tias ntxov dua - xyoo 1926. Kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau tsim nyob hauv Baltic cov koom pheej: lub xeev muaj xwm txheej ceev (txoj cai lij choj) tau tshaj tawm, cov kev cai lij choj raug tshem tawm, txhua pawg nom tswv, rooj sib tham thiab kev tawm tsam raug txwv, txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv, kev tawm tsam nom tswv, thiab lwm yam.
Yog tias ua ntej Moscow tig qhov muag tsis pom mus rau qhov muaj "ywj pheej" Baltic koom pheej, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1930s kev ua tub rog-phiaj xwm tau hloov pauv ntau. Ua ntej, kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb tshiab tau tawg thiab "Baltic xeev" dawb tau dhau los ua tub rog tiv thaiv USSR. Qhov thib ob, USSR tau ua tiav kev lag luam, tsim muaj peev xwm ua tub rog-muaj peev xwm, muaj tub rog niaj hnub. Red Moscow tam sim no tau npaj rov tsim "ib thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom" Russia nyob hauv tebchaws Russia uas tuag lawm. Stalin pib ua raws li lub hwj chim loj, txoj cai kav tebchaws Lavxias.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1939, USSR thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tsis ua phem. Qhov thib peb Reich ua kom Poland nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 1939. Thiab Soviet Union tau txais thaj av sab hnub poob ntawm Lavxias. Kev koom ua ke ntawm Western Belarus tau nthuav tawm lub xeev ciam teb ncaj qha rau cov tebchaws Baltic. Tom qab ntawd, Moscow tau ua ntu zus ntawm kev ntsuas kev lis haujlwm thiab tub rog txhawm rau txuas ntxiv rau Baltic xeev. Thaum lub Cuaj Hli - Kaum Hli 1939, USSR tau kos npe pom zoo rau kev sib pab nrog Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania. Moscow tau txais lub sijhawm los xa cov tub rog hauv paus thiab pab tub rog hauv xeev Baltic. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1940, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab los ntawm Moscow, kev hloov pauv tsoomfwv tau tshwm sim hauv Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania. Tsoomfwv Pro-Soviet tau los ua lub zog, thiab cov koomhaum pro-Soviet yeej qhov kev xaiv tsa rau Seimas. Thaum Lub Xya Hli, Soviet lub zog tau tshaj tawm hauv Baltic cov koom pheej, thiab lub tebchaws Soviet socialist koom pheej ntawm Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania tau tsim. Moscow tau txais kev thov rau kev nkag mus rau USSR. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1940, cov kev thov no tau tso cai. Russia thiab Baltics tau rov los koom ua ke dua.
Feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Baltic koom pheej txhawb nqa koom nrog USSR (qhov tseeb, rov qab mus rau Russia). Lub xeev Baltic, txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev nyuaj (Sovietization, kev ua tebchaws, kev tsim txom thiab xa tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem uas txhawb lub ntiaj teb qub thiab tawm tsam Soviet txoj haujlwm), tsuas yog tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev koom nrog Great Russia (USSR). Qhov no tau qhia meej los ntawm qhov tseeb - cov pej xeem, kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev tsim vaj tsev, kev coj noj coj ua, kev nrhiav chaw nyob (tshwj xeeb, Lithuania), kev loj hlob dav dav ntawm tib neeg kev nyob zoo, thiab lwm yam. Baltic los ntawm Soviet Union tsis tau lees paub qhov tseeb txog kev txhim kho Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws, cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig zoo li Nazis ua li cas? Cov lus teb yog pom tseeb - kev ntshai loj, tua tib neeg, kev siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag siv dag dag dag dag dag dag dag dag neeg thiab nyiaj txiag. coj tus yam ntxwv zoo li mob siab rau hauv tsev: txhim kho kev lag luam, tsim txoj kev, chaw nres nkoj, nroog, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsev ntawm kab lis kev cai, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb qaum teb sab hnub poob. Lawv tau hloov cov xeev Baltic mus rau "kev nthuav tawm ntawm USSR", uas yog, cov pej xeem ntawm Baltic cov koom pheej, nyob nruab nrab, nyob tau zoo dua li cov neeg Lavxias hauv European Russia, Siberia thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Qhov "ntau dhau" tau cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm hloov pauv los ntawm qhov qub, peev txheej hauv ntiaj teb mus rau qhov tshiab, Soviet. Lub ntiaj teb qub tsis xav tso tseg, tawm tsam Soviet txoj haujlwm txhim kho. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov yeeb ncuab sab hauv, "kab thib tsib," xav rov qab mus rau qhov kev txiav txim qub, tsis muaj kev zam. Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob uas twb muaj lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Soviet cov tub ceev xwm hauv Baltics (zoo li hauv Ukraine) tau ua tib neeg zoo. Ntau tus "yeeb ncuab ntawm tib neeg" muaj txoj sia nyob lossis tau txais kev rau txim tsawg.
Tsis zoo li Western Ukraine, ua ntej kev ntxeem tau ntawm Nazis thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, Baltic haiv neeg haiv neeg nyob hauv av tsis tau ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav rau lub tebchaws Soviet. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias hauv cheeb tsam "kem thib tsib" nruj me ntsis ua raws cov lus qhia ntawm Berlin thiab npaj lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thaum pib ua tsov rog ntawm Peb Reich tawm tsam USSR. Ua ntej pib kev ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg Baltic cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyiam ua neeg saib xyuas lub tebchaws Yelemes, yam tsis tau sim npaj kev tawm tsam hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1940 - thaum ntxov xyoo 1941. Ib qho ntxiv, Soviet lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom tawm tsam, ua rau cov neeg tawm tsam uas tuaj yeem pib muaj kev tawm tsam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau tseg tias kev koom nrog Baltic rau USSR tau nrawm heev uas cov neeg hauv tebchaws ib txwm tsis muaj sijhawm los teeb tsa thiab tsim kom muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet pem hauv ntej.
Txhua lub tebchaws muaj nws tus kheej kev txav chaw thiab cov thawj coj. Hauv Latvia, cov koom haum pro-fascist tau pib tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 xaus. Tshwj xeeb, xyoo 1919 kev tsim kho tub rog Aizsargi ("tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv") tau tsim. Xyoo 1922 Latvian National Club tau tsim. Lub koom haum Aizsargov tau yog tus thawj coj ntawm Latvian Peasant Union Karlis Ulmanis. Nws siv "tus tiv thaiv" rau kev tawm tsam nom tswv. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15, 1934, Ulmanis tau ua tub rog ua tub rog nrog kev pab ntawm "tus tiv thaiv" thiab dhau los ua tus kav ib leeg ntawm Latvia. Thaum nws kav, lub koom haum Aizsargi suav txog 40 txhiab tus neeg thiab tau txais txoj cai tub ceev xwm. Tsoomfwv ntawm "tib neeg tus thawj coj" Ulmanis nruj nruj nws txoj cai rau haiv neeg tsawg. Lawv cov koom haum pej xeem tau raug tshem tawm, feem ntau ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm haiv neeg tsawg tau raug kaw. Txawm tias Latgalians, haiv neeg nyob ze rau Latvians, tau raug tsim txom.
Xyoo 1927, hauv paus ntawm Latvian National Club, pab pawg "Fiery Cross" tau tsim, xyoo 1933 nws tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv Koom Haum Koom Tes ntawm Cov Neeg Latvian "Thunder Cross" ("Perkonkrust"). Xyoo 1934 lub koom haum suav nrog 5 txhiab tus neeg. Cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws tau txhawb nqa kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm txhua qhov kev nom tswv thiab kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws hauv cov neeg Latvians txhais tes thiab tawm tsam "cov neeg txawv tebchaws" (feem ntau tawm tsam cov neeg Yudais). Tom qab Ulmanis los txog rau lub hwj chim, Thunder Cross lub koom haum tau tso tseg tsis muaj nyob.
Yog li, cov neeg Latvian haiv neeg tau muaj kev ncaj ncees rau lub hauv paus thaum lub sijhawm koom nrog Latvia rau USSR. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941, Chekists ntawm Latvian SSR tau ntes cov tswv cuab ntawm "Guard of the Fatherland" pab pawg. Qhov chaw hais kom ua ntawm pab pawg muaj peb chav haujlwm: Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws tau ua kev sib txuas lus nrog German kev txawj ntse; Lub tuam tsev tub rog tau koom nrog sau cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse rau Peb Reich thiab npaj kev tawm tsam kev ua tub rog; Lub tuam tsev ntxhov siab tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm tawm tsam Soviet. Lub koom haum muaj chav haujlwm thoob plaws tebchaws, nws pawg tau tsim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab yav dhau los aizsargs. Lub tswv yim sib raug zoo rau German Nazism. Thaum pib ntawm Great Patriotic War, 120 tus tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum raug ntes.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Chekists tau tshem tawm lwm lub koom haum tawm tsam hauv av - Lub Koom Haum Tub Rog rau Kev Tso Tawm ntawm Latvia (Kola). Nws cov cell tau tsim nyob hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm cov koom pheej. Lub koom haum tau npaj caches nrog riam phom thiab khoom siv rau kev tawm tsam; sau cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse txog Red Army, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb; npaj ua phem rau; kos "cov npe dub" rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Latvia thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qib siab rau lawv raug ntes thiab tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm sawv tawm tsam, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941, Latvian National Legion kuj tseem swb. Hauv cov nroog thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov koom pheej, 15 pawg neeg tawm tsam (9-10 tus neeg hauv txhua tus) tau raug tshem tawm. Cov tswv cuab ntawm Legion tau ua cov haujlwm saib xyuas neeg mob, npaj ua kom puas tsuaj ntawm cov chaw lag luam tseem ceeb, thauj thiab kev sib txuas lus, ua kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Soviet. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1941, lwm lub koom haum hauv av, Latvian People's Association, tau qhib hauv Riga. Lub koom haum tau sim sib sau ua ke ntau pab pawg tiv thaiv Soviet rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke, tau qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab koom nrog hauv kev saib xyuas kev nyiam ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1941, tau tsim lub koomhaum tiv thaiv Soviet "Tus Saib Xyuas ntawm Latvia". Nws cov tswv cuab yog haiv neeg, tawm tsam Soviet kev tswj hwm.
Kev tiv thaiv Soviet nyob hauv av hauv Latvia tau txhawb los ntawm German kev txawj ntse. Cov nplai ntawm cov av hauv av no tau ua pov thawj zoo los ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, 1941, thaum Nazis sim txeeb lub tsev ntawm CC ntawm Latvian Communist Party hauv Riga. Ib lub tshuab phom loj ntawm lub NKVD yuav tsum tau muab pov rau hauv nws qhov kev tiv thaiv, uas tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg tawm tsam poob 120 tus neeg tuag thiab 457 tus neeg raug kaw, cov seem tau tawg.
Feem ntau, haiv neeg Latvian tau sim tsis koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ncaj qha nrog Red Army. Tab sis lawv dhau los ua neeg tua neeg zoo. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, Nazis tau teeb tsa cov neeg Yudais pogroms, thiab ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj haujlwm. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg nplua nuj Latvian tau pib ntes thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg Yudais hauv nroog. Ntau txhiab tus pej xeem raug tua. Xyoo 1942 - 1944. Latvian Nazis, uas tam sim no hu ua "tus phab ej" los ntawm Baltic kev tshaj tawm, koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm Lavxias thaj chaw - hauv Pskov, Novgorod, Vitebsk thiab Leningrad cheeb tsam uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tub ceev xwm rau txim. Lub txim Baltic thiab Ukrainian tau tua ntau txhiab leej neeg.
Xyoo 1942, Cov neeg Latvians qhia tias cov neeg German tsim 100,000 tus pej xeem los ntawm kev pab dawb. pab tub rog. Hitler, uas tsis tau npaj siab muab kev ywj pheej rau Latvia, tsis lees txais qhov kev thov no. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1943, vim tsis muaj neeg ua haujlwm, German tus thawj coj siab tau txiav txim siab siv Balts los tsim Latvian lub teb chaws SS units. Latvian SS Volunteer Legion tau tsim, suav nrog 15th SS grenadier (1st Latvian) thiab 19th (2nd Latvian) SS grenadier faib. Kev sib cais ntawm Latvian SS tau tawm tsam raws li ib feem ntawm pab tub rog thib 18 ntawm Pab Pawg "Sab Qaum Teb": Pawg Neeg Xeem thib 19 poob rau hauv Kurland "cauldron" thiab tseem nyob ntawd kom txog rau thaum lub tebchaws Yelemes swb; Tshooj 15 tau pauv mus rau Prussia xyoo 1944 thiab nws cov chav tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam zaum kawg rau Berlin. 150 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Latvian SS Legion: ntau dua 40 txhiab ntawm lawv tuag, thiab kwv yees li 50 txhiab leej raug kaw.
Parade ntawm Latvian legionnaires hauv kev hwm ntawm hnub tsim ntawm koom pheej ntawm Latvia. Riga. Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1943
