Cov khoom siv no tau mob siab rau lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Marat", "October Revolution" thiab "Paris Township".
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1
Oddly txaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov feem ntau siv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm "Sevastopol" hom, xws li, piv txwv li, phau ntawv los ntawm AM Vasiliev, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov phom me me uas tau teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom no nyob deb ntawm qhov raug nthuav tawm.
Feem ntau yuav yog, ntxiv rau 12 * 305-mm thiab 16 * 120-mm cannons ntawm lub ntsiab thiab tiv thaiv kuv lub peev xwm, lawv kuj tseem yuav nruab 8 * 75-mm thiab 4 * 47 * mm phom ntawm Sevastopoli, thiab tsis muaj ntawm lawv yog anti-aircraft. Yim rab phom 75-mm tau npaj yuav muab tso ua khub ntawm 4 tus pej thuam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab lawv tau npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia rau cov tub rog siv phom loj, thiab rab phom 47-mm tau zoo siab thiab dai lub hneev loj.
Twb tau thaum ua tiav ntawm Sevastopol, cov phom 75-mm "nyiaj siv ua haujlwm" raug tso tseg, yog tias lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm ib lossis ob ntawm thawj lub nkoj ntawm koob, lawv yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, suav nrog kev txhim kho kev ya dav hlau, qhov xav tau tshwm sim rau kev tiv thaiv cov nkoj los ntawm nws, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab los nruab qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg nrog plaub rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis paub tias muaj peev xwm npaum li cas, txij li cov kws sau ntawv hwm tau sib cav sib ceg.
Piv txwv li, A. M. Vasiliev taw qhia tias cov phom yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 47 hli, tab sis A. V. Skvortsov sau hais tias 63.5 mm. Lawv yuav zoo li yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua khub ntawm hneev thiab lub taub hau loj ntawm lub hauv paus loj, yog li nws zoo li lawv tau teeb tsa ua ntej tom qab kev txiav txim siab tau tshem tawm txoj kev kawm 75-hli rab phom loj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj rab phom, kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm dreadnoughts hauv Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau hloov pauv me ntsis: txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm "Sevastopol" hom tau txais peb lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm "Sevastopol" thiab "Poltava" lawv tau tso, raws li feem ntau tau qhia hauv cov peev txheej, 2 * 75-mm thiab ib rab phom 47-mm, thiab ntawm "Petropavlovsk" thiab "Gangut"-2 63, 5-mm thiab ib qho 47 mm.
Cov phom loj twg yog lawv?
Hais txog "peb-nti", hmoov tsis zoo, tseem muaj qhov tsis meej pem. Feem ntau yuav yog, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais kev tiv thaiv dav hlau hloov pauv ntawm 75-mm / 50 Kanet cannon, uas peb tau txais los ntawm Fab Kis rov qab rau xyoo 1891-qhov no yog tib yam 75-mm tus kws kos duab uas peb lub nkoj tau ua tub rog rau feem ntau hauv Russo-Japanese tsov rog.
Xyoo dhau los ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam, rab phom tau teeb tsa ntawm ntau lub tshuab sib txawv: Kane cov tshuab ntawm tus pin nruab nrab, Möller cov tshuab, tuaj txog. 1906 thiab 1908, tom kawg yog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm "arr. 1906 ", uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau txais lub npe ywj pheej. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj rab phom tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lawv. Thaum, thaum pib ua tsov rog, nws tau pom tseeb tias cov nkoj xav tau rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, nws tau txiav txim siab siv 75-mm / 50 Kane. Txog qhov no, tsuas yog Meller lub tshuab tau tsim nyog, txij li lwm tus muaj lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav uas tsis yooj yim rau rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau - lawv coj nws los ua lub hauv paus. Qhov tseeb, rab phom 75 hli / 50 tau tig 180 degrees. nyob ib ncig ntawm nws txoj kab, kom cov cuab yeej thim rov qab nyob hauv qab lub thoob yog tam sim no saum nws.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm rab phom loj tuaj yeem zoo li ua tiav, vim nws tau muab nws cov projectiles nrawm heev muzzle nrawm thiab muaj cov mos txwv tsim nyog. Xyoo 1915-16 g.tshwj xeeb cov dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau hnyav 5, 32 kg tau tsim, uas yog thaj av kuv nruab nrog 680 g ntawm cov khoom tawg (tola) nrog lub raj 22-thib ob, qhov pib ceev yog 747 m / s. Ib qho ntxiv, tseem muaj cov phom me me, nruab nrog cov mos txwv uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab muaj qhov qis dua 22-thib ob, tab sis nrawm ntawm 823 m / s-pom tseeb, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua lub dav hlau tiv thaiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, riam phom yog ruam heev. Txhawm rau pib nrog, nws thawj qhov kev hloov kho tau nce lub kaum sab xis ntawm tsuas yog 50 degrees, uas yog categorically tsis txaus rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua. Tom qab ntawd, lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws tau nce mus rau 70 degrees, tab sis Baltic Fleet tau txais 4 rab phom no tsuas yog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1916, thiab nws tsis txaus ntseeg heev tias tsuas yog cov phom no tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, muab qhov tseeb tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me hais txog kev tso phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom "Sevastopol", leej twg tuaj yeem paub tseeb txog qhov no?
Tab sis lub kaum kev nce me me tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem. Raws li tau hais los saum no, tom qab ntawd nws tau coj ua ntej txog 70, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau 75 degrees. Hauv daim ntawv no, Kane's 75-mm / 50 phom ntawm "1928 tus qauv" tau ua haujlwm hauv Soviet lub nkoj txawm tias thaum ntxov 30s.
Tab sis raws li cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, lawv tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav, tsis meej pem thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm, thiab txhua qhov kev hwm lawv poob rau qhov tshwj xeeb 76, 2-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau phom ntawm Cov qiv nyiaj, uas peb yuav rov qab los me ntsis tom qab. Ntawm no peb nco ntsoov tias, txawm hais tias Lender artillery system tau txiav txim siab txog. 1914/1915, tab sis qhov tseeb pib nkag mus rau hauv lub nkoj tsuas yog pib los ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1916 thiab 1917. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, dua, thaum lub xyoo Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, cov phom zoo li tau thim tawm ntawm lub nkoj mus rau lawv nrog nkoj ntawm flotillas dej, tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, cov phom no tuaj yeem tsoo Sevastopol-chav sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis pes tsawg, thaum twg thiab ntau npaum li cas yog qhov nyuaj heev hais.
Qhov thib ob ntawm Sevastopol-chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau uas tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam yog rab phom 63.5-mm-thiab qhov kev siv phom loj no tseem yog qhov paub tsis meej. Qhov tseeb yog tias ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, lub nkoj, tau saib xyuas kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv rau lub nkoj loj: nws yog 2.5-nti phom loj ntawm Obukhov cog.
Nws lub thoob ntev yog 38 calibers, lub kaum sab xis nce mus txog 75 degrees. Cov mos txwv suav nrog lub foob pob tawg hnyav hnyav 4, 04 kg thiab cov phom me uas hnyav 3,73 kg. nrog lub raj fuse rau 34 vib nas this. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 20 cov phom zoo li no tau tsim los ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis 1916, thiab kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1917, yim ntawm lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lub Nkoj Dub Nkoj, ob rab phom ib lub nkoj. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau, thiab txawm tias ntau dua li qhov tias "Petropavlovsk" thiab "Gangut" tau siv riam phom tshwj xeeb no. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias raws li rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, cov khoom ntawm Obukhov cog tau ua tsis tiav, tab sis nws yog, theej, yuam kev hauv lub tswv yim rab phom, thiab tsis yog hauv nws qhov kev tsim. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kom muaj lub peev xwm me me, tab sis rab phom tsis siv lub tshuab tig los ua qhov tsis raug: tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 2.5-nti tau qis thiab qis dua li Askiv 40-mm "pom-pom", thiab qhov kev lag luam no tsis tau them nyiaj los ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov projectile, uas tsis txaus.
Feem ntau yuav yog cov no yog riam phom uas ob ntawm peb cov tub rog tau txais, tab sis … txij li qhov no tsis tau paub meej, nws tsim nyog xav txog lwm txoj hauv kev. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, ntxiv rau qhov kev tiv thaiv dav hlau saum toj no 63, 5-mm / 38 lub foob pob, Russia Imperial Navy tsuas muaj rab phom zoo ib yam nkaus. Yog lawm, peb tab tom tham txog lub npe nrov 63, 5-mm airborne gun ntawm Baranovsky.
Qhov tsis txaus, tus sau ntawm kab lus no tau hla los hais txog tias qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom uas muaj peev xwm tua tau ntawm lub dav hlau. Tab sis qhov pom ntawm "kev hloov kho lub dav hlau" ntawm cov kab ke no, txawm tias lawv muaj tiag los, zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm peb cov kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Cov phom loj ntawm Baranovskiy nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 63.5 mm yog riam phom tshwj xeeb uas tseem tau npaj rau kev ua kom muaj phom phom loj. Tom qab ntawd muaj ib lub sijhawm thaum cov tubrog nkoj raug tshem tawm, thiab nws txoj haujlwm, raws li kev coj ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj huab tais huab tais ces xav, tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm cov nkoj. Muab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsaws, rab phom xav tau kev sib cav hauv kev sib ntaus zoo thiab kev cog lus, muaj nyob hauv cov phom roob - los ntawm txoj kev, Baranovsky tom qab ua rab phom roob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm rab phom tsaws. Cov phom tsaws tau tig los ua lub teeb, qhov hnyav ua ke nrog lub tsheb thauj khoom tsuas yog 272 kg, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem tua los ntawm lub nkoj.
Feem ntau, kev cog lus ntawm Baranovsky txoj kev tsim tsis tau nyob hauv: qhov teeb meem, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm rab phom 63.5-mm tau cais tsis txaus. Qhov ntev ntawm nws lub thoob tsuas yog 19.8 caliber, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 2.55 rau qhov tawg loj thiab 2.4 kg rau cov foob pob tawg, txawm hais tias lub roob phom tau siv phom hnyav dua, qhov hnyav nce mus txog 4 kg. Cov phom luv luv txwv qhov nrawm ntawm rab phom mus rau tsuas yog 372 m / sec., Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua - txog 2, 8 km. Twb Tsov Rogso-Japanese Tsov Rog tau qhia txog qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm riam phom rau kev tawm tsam niaj hnub no. Yog lawm, rab phom Baranovsky, hauv nws qhov kev tsim, tau ua ntau txoj hauv kev ua ntej nws lub sijhawm, thiab nws tuaj yeem nrog qee qhov laj thawj raug suav hais tias yog thawj rab phom loj hauv ntiaj teb - tom qab tag nrho, ntau npaum li 5 rds / min. Tab sis tseem, nws lub peev xwm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau hnyav dhau, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, rab phom twb dhau los lawm, yog li nws raug tshem tawm ntawm lub nkoj hauv 1908. Ntxiv mus, raws li Shirokorad cov ntaub ntawv, cov phom ntawm hom no tau muab pov tseg tom qab. raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pabcuam.
Raws li qhov tseeb, yog tias peb sib piv cov duab ntawm rab phom ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Petropavlovsk"
Nrog daim duab ntawm 63.5-mm / 38 rab phom ntawm Obukhov cog, tso rau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Efstafiy",
Tom qab ntawd peb yuav pom tias lawv cov duab silhouettes zoo sib xws.
Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis meej nrog rab phom 47-mm: tsuas yog 47-mm ib leeg-barreled Hotchkiss rab phom tuaj yeem teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub tshuab uas tau hloov pauv rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua, thaum lub kaum ntse ntse siab tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom yog 85 degrees.
Raws li rau qhov muab tso rau ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, cov phom tau nyob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau yam. Feem ntau, ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau muab tso rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub hauv paus loj, qhov thib peb hauv txoj kev sib txawv, piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm hneev turret, zoo li yog rooj plaub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Petropavlovsk, tab sis tsis tas yuav
Kev tiv thaiv huab cua niaj hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Marat"
Los ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm A. M. Vasiliev, kab lus tau tsiv mus rau ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm:
"Vim tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshiab, cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau tseem zoo ib yam (peb rab phom 76-mm ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Qiv nyob rau qhov thib 1 thiab thib 4. …" 3 "phom ntawm 1915 tus qauv hauv kev pabcuam, tau kawg, tsis txaus siab, tab sis tam sim no, tsis yog peb, lossis pab tub rog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua … ".
Los ntawm kab lus no, thiab txawm tias los ntawm ntau daim duab ntawm peb kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1920, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv huab cua tau txais los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tsev txawm tias ua ntej pib hloov kho loj. Pom tau tias, Kane's 75-mm phom, 63, 5-mm Obukhovsky cog thiab 47-mm Hotchkiss tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv thaum lawv rov qab los ua haujlwm, thiab tau hloov los ntawm rau 76, 2-mm Lender anti-aircraft phom, pawg los ntawm peb rab phom. ntawm tus hneev taw thiab tom qab yees.
Lender rab phom yog thawj lub tshuab siv rab phom Lavxias tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua: thaum lub sijhawm nws tsim, nws tau ua tiav thiab ua tiav nws cov haujlwm. Qhov no yog rab phom 76, 2-mm nrog rab phom ntev ntawm 30, 5 calibers thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 75 degrees kawg.siv cov mos txwv tsis sib xws, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem nqa tus nqi hluav taws mus rau 15-20 rds / min. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog lub foob pob tawg loj thiab lub foob pob tawg uas hnyav 6 thiab 6.5 kg, uas raug rho tawm ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 609, 6 thiab 588, 2 kg. feem. Tab sis Lender rab phom tuaj yeem siv cov mos txwv ntawm tus nto moo 76, 2-mm "peb-inch" mod. 1902, thiab ntxiv rau, tom qab ntawd lwm hom kev foob pob tau tsim rau nws.
Cov tub rog Lavxias tau txais thawj pawg ntawm cov phom zoo li no hauv xyoo 1915, xyoo tom ntej 26 tau tsim cov phom ntau ntxiv, thiab xyoo 1917 - 110. Lawv kuj tau tsim tom qab kev tawm tsam, qhov kev siv phom loj kawg ntawm hom no tau tsim lawm xyoo 1934 ….
Txog nws lub sijhawm, qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo, thiab peb tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau xyoo 20s kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov nkoj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis, tau kawg, thaum pib ntawm 30s, riam phom sib txawv kiag li yuav tsum tau Hmoov tsis zoo, "Marat" yeej tsis tau txais nws thiab mus nrog rau 6 Lub Tsev qiv nyiaj kom txog rau xyoo 1940 - tsuas yog ntawm no nws txoj kev tiv thaiv huab cua thaum kawg tau ntxiv dag zog.
Cov txheej txheem phom loj qub tau raug muab tshem tawm, thiab hloov lawv 10 qhov tshiab niaj hnub 76, phom 2-mm tau teeb tsa. Rau ntawm lawv, muab tso rau hauv 34-K ib rab phom ib leeg, coj qhov chaw ntawm hneev thiab lub taub hau ntswj, thiab 4 ntau yam tib yam nkaus li rab phom, tab sis hauv 81-K ob-barreled mounts, tau muab tso rau ntawm ntu, hloov chaw khub ntawm 120-mm qab phom. Thiab kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los muab cov kev siv phom loj no los ntsuas tsis meej.
Ntawm qhov one tes, 76, 2-mm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv tsev tau zoo heev cov tshuab siv rab phom loj, tsim los ntawm German 75-mm Flak L / 59 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov tseeb dua, raws li rab phom German, rab phom 3-K tau tsim, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tau "txias" hauv 34-K. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, cov ntaub ntawv thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem rau cov riam phom no tau txais hauv USSR xyoo 1930, thiab txij thaum ntawd los, tau kawg, riam phom yog "me ntsis" dhau lawm.
Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo (rau peb-nti)-nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 55 caliber, nws tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm hnyav 6, 5-6, 95 kg qhov pib ua ntej ntawm 801-813 m / s, uas yog, cia tus sau zam txim rau qhov kev sib piv tsis tsim nyog, qhov tseeb, txawm tias dhau me ntsis dhau ntawm lub npe nrov 75-mm Pak 40 phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws ntawm 34-K mus txog 85 degrees. Thiab yog tias peb saib tej zaum qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, 127-mm / 38 rab phom loj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, peb yuav pom tias nws cov kev ntsuas zoo sib xws tsis zoo li 34-K. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau Asmeskas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txog 16, thiab qhov siab nce txog li 12 km. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 34-K, nrog kev npaj tau npaj zoo thiab muab cov mos txwv raws sijhawm, tuaj yeem tsim tus nqi hluav taws kub txog 15-20 rds / min, uas yog nyob rau qib zoo German 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Feem ntau, 34-K tau yooj yim heev rau kev suav thiab riam phom txhim khu kev qha.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov uas nws qhov zoo, feem ntau, xaus, thiab ntau qhov tsis txaus pib. Thawj ntawm lawv yog kev lim hiam ntawm lub tswv yim xaiv ntawm 76.2 mm caliber tiv thaiv dav hlau phom. Zoo ballistics, tau kawg, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pov lub foob pob kom deb txaus, tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tias qhov ntsuas ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm qhov ntev tuaj yeem tsuas yog txiav txim siab kwv yees ntau, ntxiv rau, lub foob pob ya mus rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab dav hlau. tseem tuaj yeem txav tau. Txhua qhov no ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj hauv lub hom phiaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv phom phom dav hlau raws li qhov projectile cuam tshuam thaj tsam, tab sis rab phom 76.2 mm muaj lub zog me me heev. Cov mos txwv hnyav tshaj 34-K-6, 95 kg siab tawg tawg tawg, muaj tsuas yog 483 grams ntawm cov tawg. Rau kev sib piv-German rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, uas zoo li tsis zoo li qub, 88-hli, tua 9 kg ntawm cov mos txwv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 850 g. system los ntawm 1.5 hauv qhov projectile loj, thiab yuav luag 2 zaug hauv kev saib xyuas. …Peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog Asmeskas 127-mm mos txwv? Lub plhaub ntawm Asmeskas 127-mm / 38 rab phom hnyav 25 kg thiab nqa los ntawm 2, 8 txog 3, 8 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg! Tab sis txawm tias qhov no, feem ntau, tsis txaus kom ntseeg tau tias yeej lub dav hlau ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, yog li cov neeg Asmeskas tau nce txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev tsim thiab nthuav qhia ntau yam qhia txog radar fuses.
Tab sis tsis ntev los sis tom qab lub dav hlau yuav kov yeej qhov kev cais nws ntawm lub nkoj thiab yuav nyob ze nws. Thiab ntawm no lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tuaj nrog lub dav hlau ya tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog, hauv lwm lo lus, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau yuav tsum muaj kab rov tav txaus thiab ntsug lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhawm rau "ntswj lub thoob" tom qab dav hlau. Ntawm no, alas, 34-K tsis ua tau zoo ib yam: qhov nrawm ntawm nws cov lus qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav yog 8 thiab 12 deg / s. Puas yog ntau lossis tsawg? Rau Italian 100-mm anti-aircraft phom "Minisini" cov nrawm no yog 7 thiab 13 degrees / sec. feem. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw taw qhia tias nws tsis txaus los tawm tsam lub dav hlau ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Raws li, qhov no kuj muaj tseeb rau 34-K. Thiab ntxiv - yog tias peb nco qab tias tus qauv ntawm 34 -K, tus German "Rheinmetall", tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920s lig, thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau ya qeeb qeeb, cov lus qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav tau nrawm txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1940 - tsis muaj ntxiv lawm.
Thiab yog li nws tau muab tawm tias rau kev tua ntawm qhov deb, lub tsev 34 -K tsis muaj lub zog ntawm lub plhaub, thiab rau kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb - qhov nrawm ntawm kev qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Qhov no tsis yog, ua rau 34-K tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis raws li qhov nruab nrab-muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom loj, nws tau hais ncaj qha tsis muaj zog. Thiab tib yam siv rau 81-K, uas tau siv tib lub cuab yeej, tsuas yog "taws" thiab ntawm lub tshuab sib txawv.
Qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Marat nruab nrab lub zog tiv thaiv huab cua, ua ntej, tau ua tiav los ntawm nws tus lej me me, tseem muaj 10 lub thoob rau lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua hauv chav kawm (txawm tias ib qho me me) yuav tsum raug txiav txim tsis txaus.
Raws li kev tswj hwm cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws, 76, 2-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau muab faib ua 2 lub roj teeb, hneev thiab lub taub hau, thiab kom tswj tau txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib lub ntsuas phom nrog peb-meter puag, thiab txheej MPUAZO " Ntsiav tshuaj ". Hmoov tsis zoo, tus sau tsis tuaj yeem pom cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm qhov peev xwm ntawm MPUAZO no, tab sis qhov sib txawv no yooj yim heev los sau los ntawm qhov laj thawj.
Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev tswj hwm tag nrho rau kev tiv thaiv dav hlau (thiab tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau) hluav taws ntawm ib lub nkoj tuaj yeem faib ua ntu raws li 3 ntu. Thawj qhov yog cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam lub hom phiaj, uas yog, pom cov cuab yeej, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, cov radars loj, thiab lwm yam. Qhov thib ob yog kev suav cov cuab yeej, uas suav nrog qhov loj ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lub hom phiaj, huab cua, nkoj, phom thiab mos txwv, tsim kev daws teeb meem - lub kaum ntse ntse, coj. Thiab thaum kawg, ntu thib peb yog cov cuab yeej siv uas xa cov kev daws teeb meem ncaj qha mus rau rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab muab cov lus qhia rau tus thawj coj tua los ntawm lawv.
Yog li, cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam rau lub dav hlau tua hluav taws tiv thaiv kab ke "Marat" yog "3-meter" rangefinders, tab sis pom tau tias tsis muaj lub laij lej. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau tshwm sim thawj zaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Parizhskaya Kommuna, lub nkoj cruisers ntawm Project 26 thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem ntawm Project 7, thiab nyob ntawd lawv txhua tus muaj npe txawv. Thiab MPUAZO "Tablet" tau teeb tsa ntawm "Marat" xyoo 1932, uas yog, thaum xub thawj lawv tau tswj 6 rab phom. Ntawd yog, nyob rau xyoo ntawd, cov cuab yeej suav hauv lub tebchaws rau tua hluav taws hauv USSR tseem tsis tau muaj, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias "Tablet" tau yuav nyob txawv teb chaws.
Raws li, nws yuav tsis yog qhov yuam kev xav tias MPUAZO "Tablet" tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws uas tso cai rau tus tswj hluav taws xa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tua mus rau kev suav nrog phom. Tab sis nws pom tseeb yuav tsum tau suav qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm tus kheej. Yog li nws yog qhov ua tau zoo uas "Tablet" feem ntau siv tsuas yog coj qhov deb mus rau lub hom phiaj rau kev suav, thiab lawv twb tau txiav txim siab qhov seem ntawm kev tua tsis yog ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Tom qab ntawd, rab phom me me tiv thaiv lub dav hlau kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm Marat, tab sis peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kab lus tom ntej.
