Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg. 80 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, 1940, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob-Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm S. K. Timoshenko pib tsoo los ntawm "Kab Mannerheim". Cov cuab yeej ua vaj tsev Finnish raug rhuav tshem nrog cov phom loj, cov khoom tawg, flamethrowers thiab cov foob pob saum nruab ntug.
Ua haujlwm ntawm kab
Thawj thawj zaug Red Army tsis tau tswj hwm txhawm rau hla txoj kab kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Finnish. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev pib ua tsov rog tiv thaiv Finland tau raug xaiv raug xaiv los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Soviet tshaj plaws. Thaj chaw hauv Finnish tau qhia los ntawm ntau tus dej, ntws, pas dej, swamps. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov av tau khov los ntawm te, ntau lub pas dej khov. Tab sis tseem muaj daus me me. Ntawd yog, Red Army tuaj yeem siv nws qhov txiaj ntsig hauv kev siv tshuab.
Cov Tub Rog Liab tuaj yeem tsoo tau hla Mannerheim Kab. Finnish kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem ruaj khov yog ib zaj dab neeg, ib nrab faus cov pob zeb ua vaj tsev tsim ua lub hauv paus, uas tau muab faib ua ob peb chav. Peb Dotas ntawm "lab" hom muaj ob qib, peb ntxiv - peb qib. Cov Finns tsis muaj cov duab tso rau hauv av ntau rau Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Czechoslovakia, uas txuas nrog cov tshuaj ntsiav. Tsis muaj cov tsheb nqaj hlau nqaim-ntsuas hauv av. Txoj Kab Mannerheim, hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm txoj kab kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws, muaj qhov ntim qis dua ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav hauv ib kis lus mev, thiab qis dua tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom phom loj. Cov phom phom loj hauv Finnish tsis muaj riam phom uas tuaj yeem tsoo lub tank Soviet thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntawd yog, "Kab Mannerheim" tsis yog "tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus".
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm Red Army yog qhov tsis muaj kev txawj ntse txog kev txhim kho hauv Finnish. Tsuas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog "Kab Mannerheim" xwb. Raws li Marshal Shaposhnikov tau sau tseg: "Rau peb, qhov tob ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog qhov xav tsis thoob." Tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tiv thaiv lig ntawm 1938-1939. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsis tiav yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hauv thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog. Hacking Finnish tiv thaiv xav tau kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj hauv cov peev txheej thiab khoom siv, tab sis tsis muaj. Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Pab Tub Rog Liab Tymoshenko tau sau tias kev txawj ntse tshaj tawm tias Finns yuav muaj txog li 10 pab tub rog sib faib thiab 15 pawg tub rog sib cais. Qhov tseeb, Finns tau xa ntau ntxiv, lawv npaj yuav tawm tsam ua ntej tsov rog pib. Finns tau xa 16 qhov kev sib cais thiab ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog sib cais. Peb pib ua tsov rog nrog 21 kev sib cais. Yog li, Red Army tsis muaj qhov txiav txim siab kom zoo thaum pib ua tsov rog. Twb dhau lub sijhawm ua tsov rog peb tau coj cov tub rog ntawm Finnish pem hauv ntej mus rau 45 kev sib cais thiab xaus kev ua tsov rog nrog 58 kev sib cais.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis xyoo 1939, tsuas yog tsib lub tebchaws Soviet ntawm pawg tub rog 7 tau raug xa mus rau peb pawg kev ua yeeb ncuab hauv kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm Karelian Isthmus. Thiab tus qauv sib piv ntawm cov rog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsiab nres yog 1: 3. Tom qab ntawd, qhov piv tau dhau los 6: 9, uas tseem nyob deb ntawm tus qauv. Hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm pab tub rog thiab pab tub rog, daim duab tseem pom tseeb: 80 kwv yees Finnish cov tub rog tawm tsam 84 tus neeg Soviet; 130 txhiab Finns tawm tsam 139 txhiab tus tub rog Soviet. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias Red Army tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb, dav hlau thiab phom loj. Tab sis cov tub rog tsis nyob hauv qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig "poj huab tais ntawm cov teb." Ib qho ntxiv, Soviet kev sib cais tsis tau muab sib ntaus sib tua ib zaug. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov rog ntawm ob sab ntawm Karelian Isthmus tau kwv yees zoo ib yam, tab sis Finns tau zaum hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov. Thiab Red Army tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav txog cov ntsiav tshuaj, thiab kev paub txog kev los nag rau lawv. Li no qhov tshwm sim sib xws.
Daim duab hauv cov lus qhia thib ob, piv txwv li, hauv ntu nruab nrab ntawm Ladoga thiab Onega pas dej, zoo ib yam. Tsib qhov kev sib cais ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 8 tau tawm tsam ntawm no. Cov no yog 43 cov tub rog sib hais haum. Ntawm Finnish sab, ob qhov kev faib tub rog thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov tub rog sib cais tau tiv thaiv - cov no yog 25 pab pawg sib hais haum. Ntawd yog, qhov sib piv ntawm cov rog yog 1: 3 thiab tsis nyob ze. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog yog nruab nrab ntawm pab tub rog Finnish thiab Soviet cov tub rog tau faib rau kev tawm tsam. Finns muaj 170 pawg neeg sib hais haum, Red Army muaj 185 pab pawg sib hais haum. Nws tau pom tseeb tias Soviet cov lus txib siab tsis txaus ntseeg tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsis muab kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj ntawm cov rog thaum pib ua tsov rog. Qhov yuam kev tau raug kho lawm thaum lub sijhawm ua rog.
Storming los ntawm txhua txoj cai
Tom qab nws tau pom tseeb tias Finnish tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem tawg ntawm kev txav mus, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Red Army thiab Finnish cov tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua ua rau txhua tus uas lawv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv caj npab, thiab txawm tias nyiam cov neeg tuaj pab dawb txawv teb chaws (tseem muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm Askiv thiab Fab Kis ntawm xub ntiag), nws tau txiav txim siab los tsoo "Mannerheim Line" raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev ua tub rog. Cov tub rog hauv Karelian cov lus qhia tau muaj zog ntxiv. Los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm pab tub rog 7, tau tsim Pawg Tub Rog thib 13 tshiab. Pawg Tub Rog 7 tau raug coj mus txog 12 pawg, pawg tub rog thib 11 - 9 pawg, 2 pawg tau nyob hauv qhov chaw khaws cia ua ntej, 3 kev faib tawm - hauv lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia. Artillery tau tsim tsa.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib piv ntawm cov rog piv rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1939 thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, 1940 tau pib sib haum rau 1: 3 tus qauv. Cov tub rog liab tam sim no suav 460 txhiab tus neeg tawm tsam 150 txhiab tus Finns. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau Karelian Isthmus tam sim no suav 26 qhov kev sib cais, 1 rab phom thiab rab phom tshuab thiab 7 lub tub rog tub rog. Finns muaj 7 pab tub rog sib faib, 1 tus tub rog, 1 pab tub rog tub rog, 10 cais cov tub rog, jaeger thiab cov tub rog. Muaj 239 pawg tub rog Soviet rau 80 tus tub rog Finnish. Cov tub rog Soviet muaj 10 npaug zoo tshaj hauv cov phom loj nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 122 mm lossis ntau dua. Cov tub rog Soviet muaj plaub qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub zog loj los rhuav tshem cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
Yog li, thaum lub zog tsim nyog thiab txhais tau tias tau tsim rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Finnish cov chaw muaj zog, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tsoo rau hauv "Mannerheim kab", txawm tias lub caij ntuj no, daus thiab Finnish tawv ncauj. Bunkers thiab bunkers raug rhuav tshem los ntawm rab phom loj ntawm 152, 203 thiab 280-mm caliber. 203-mm howitzer ntawm 1931 tus qauv (B-4) tau lub npe menyuam yaus "Stalin's sledgehammer" los ntawm cov tub rog Finnish, thiab peb tau hu ua "Karelian sculptor", raws li lawv tau hloov cov qauv ruaj khov mus rau qhov txawv txawv ntawm cov pob zeb thiab hlau ("Karelian monuments"). Txhawm rau rhuav tshem lub ntsiav tshuaj, nws tau siv los ntawm 8 txog 140 pua-kilogram phom ntawm cov phom no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj ntsiav feem ntau poob nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tab sis tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj tag ua rau cov tub rog hais tias lawv tuaj yeem txav mus.
Piv txwv li, 123rd Infantry Division ntawm 7th Soviet Army, uas tau tsoo Summayarvi, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1940 muaj 18 203-mm "Stalin's sledgehammers" thiab 6 280-mm mortars "Br-2". Lawv tau siv 4419 lub plhaub thaum npaj kev tawm tsam hauv thawj kaum hnub ntawm Lub Ob Hlis, tau ua tiav 247 kev ntaus ncaj. Dot "Popius", uas nres kev sib faib thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1939, tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm 53 qhov kev ntaus ncaj. Tsis tas li, cov khoom tawg tau nquag siv los tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Yog li, lub zog muaj zog thib ob ntawm Summayarvi kev sib tshuam ntawm lub tog raj kheej No. 0011 tau tawg, tso rau saum nws lub roob ntawm cov thawv nrog cov khoom tawg. Ua ntej, rab phom loj tsoo lub tub rog Finnish nyob ib ncig ntawm lub bunker, cov kws tua phom Soviet tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, cov sappers cog cov khoom tawg. Kev tawg ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm thaj av sab hnub poob yuam kom cov tub rog Finnish khiav tawm. Tom qab ntawd lub thawv ntim tshuaj tau ua tiav nrog ob tons ntawm TNT, tso rau hauv qab phab ntsa.
Tsis tas li, ib txwm txhais tau tias cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov txheej txheem tsim qauv ntawm kab. Nadolbs tau cua tshuab los ntawm cov foob pob tawg, txav los ntawm T-28 tso tsheb hlau luam, puas tsuaj los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom. Cov kev hla hauv cov tiaj nyom thiab cov hlau thaiv tau ua los ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov phom. Kev hnyav hnyav thiab daus tob tsis tau cawm Finns.
Yeej Lub Ob Hlis 1940
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, tom qab muaj rab phom loj tiv thaiv, kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army tau pib. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau tsoo ntawm Karelian Isthmus. Tom qab kev ua phem rau peb hnub, pawg tub rog 7 tau sib tsoo los ntawm thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nkag rau hauv kev kov yeej. Finns, txhawm rau zam kev nyob ib puag ncig, thim rov qab mus rau kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 21, peb cov tub rog tau mus txog kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 13 lawv nkag mus rau Vyborg. Kev tiv thaiv tau tawg, pab tub rog Finnish tau swb, thiab kev tawm tsam ntxiv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Finland tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.
Kev tso tseg ntawm Red Army hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev hais kom ua thiab kev txawj ntse, tsis xav txog tus yeeb ncuab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ua yuam kev, ua kom muaj zog thiab txhais tau tias thiab cua daj cua dub "Mannerheim kab" raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev ua tub rog. Tom qab tshem tawm qhov ua yuam kev, sib sau ua rog, Finnish tiv thaiv raug nyiag ntawm qhov nrawm.
Cov Tub Rog Liab tau qhia tias tsis muaj "kev tiv thaiv tsis tau" rau cov tub rog niaj hnub no. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ncua, qhov chaw ntawm txhua tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau pom. Cov pob zeb ua kom ruaj khov raug rhuav tshem nrog cov phom loj, cov khoom tawg, cov flamethrowers, thiab cov foob pob saum nruab ntug. Ib qho ntxiv, pab tub rog Finnish muaj rab phom loj tsis muaj zog, lub dav hlau thiab lub tank thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tshaj tawm Finnish tau qhia ob qho tsis txaus hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Red Army thiab lub peev xwm ntawm Red Army raws li cov tub rog niaj hnub ua tiav rau xyoo 1940, ua haujlwm kho tshuab, nrog ntau cov phom loj, tso tsheb hlau luam, dav hlau, tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv engineering. Cov tub rog Soviet tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog, txhim kho kev ua tiav nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev tsim tank thiab tub rog.
Qhov tseeb, "zej zog ntiaj teb" tseem nyob hauv qhov kev xav ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev ua tsov rog - tsis ua tiav rau Red Army. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1940, Churchill tshaj tawm tias Finland tau "nthuav tawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Red Army rau thoob ntiaj teb." Qhov kev xav yuam kev no tau qhia los ntawm Hitler thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog, uas ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum loj rau kev ua tub rog-nom tswv lub tswv yim ntawm Reich cuam tshuam nrog USSR.
