Txhua yam mus rau kev ua tsov rog nrog tawg
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau zoo heev 8C cov cuab yeej hlau, uas dhau los ua lub hauv paus loj rau T-34 lub tank nruab nrab, tau qhia ntau yam nyuaj hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo no tau siv rau hauv lub tank tsuas yog hauv Soviet Union thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Thiab hauv qhov no, tau kawg, muaj ob qho zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hauv cov ntu yav dhau los ntawm lub voj voog, peb twb tau tham txog ntau qhov tawg uas txuas nrog lub vuam ntawm lub hulls thiab turrets ntawm Soviet nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hnyav KV thiab tom qab ntawd ISs tau txais qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov no: cov cuab yeej ua tau ntau dua ntawm cov tawv tawv nruab nrab tiv taus kev nyuaj siab ntau dhau thaum vuam qhov yooj yim dua. Txij li thaum pib xyoo 1942, Armored Institute engineers tau thov cov txheej txheem ntsuas los ua kom yooj yim cov cuab yeej ua hull ntau lawm thiab hloov kho thev naus laus zis tshiab. Nws tau txiav txim siab tsis txhawm rau qee qhov ntawm txhua qhov: piv txwv li, qhov txuas ntawm lub nraub qaum thiab hauv ntej tau hloov mus rau riveting. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no yog kev qiv nyiaj tom qab kawm zoo ntawm German cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Lub hauv ntej thiab ib sab ntawm lub tank tam sim no tau welded ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm TsNII-48 tsuas yog nrog cov hlau austenite, zoo dua rau cov qib nyuaj-rau-weld qib ntawm cov hlau hlau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tam sim no txog li 10% (lossis ntau dua) ntawm txhua cov hluav taws xob siv rau lub tsheb tiv thaiv tau austenite. Yog tias koj tsom mus rau cov ntaub ntawv muab hauv Nikita Melnikov phau ntawv "Tank Kev Lag Luam ntawm USSR thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj", tom qab ntawd kwv yees li 400 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau siv rau ib T-34-76, thiab 55 ntawm lawv yog austenite. Ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov hluav taws xob zoo li no tau txwv rau lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm cov qauv siab tam sim no - txog li 320A. Tshaj li qhov ntsuas no tau ua rau muaj cua sov siab ntawm qhov chaw txuas nrog tom qab deformation thaum txias thiab tsim cov kab nrib pleb. Thov nco ntsoov tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li "Armored Institute" hauv tebchaws German tau ua tiav los ntawm 6th Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Ua Haujlwm hauv av. Nws yog rau nws tias cov chaw tsim khoom hauv lub tank tau xav tias yuav xa cov txheej txheem ntawm vuam hulls thiab turrets rau kev pom zoo hauv kev sau ntawv. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 6 Lub Tsev Haujlwm, nyeg, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau ua raws li cov lus qhia ib ntus rau vuam cov cuab yeej T. L.4014, TL 4028 thiab TL 4040. Cov kev xav tau no tau suav rau vuam cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv German nrog tuab ntawm 16 txog 80 hli. Raws li twb tau hais hauv kab lus "Welding of Tank Armor: German Experience", kev siv vuam tsis siv neeg hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Qhov no, tau kawg, ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm kev lag luam tank German, tab sis muaj qee qhov teeb meem nrog kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm hauv Soviet Union. Ua ke nrog qhov tsis ntseeg siab ntawm qhov txuas, kev siv lub tshuab vuam yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv muab khoom zoo thiab ua raws nruj rau kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog tus nqi tsis yooj yim sua kom them rau kev qhia txog kev hloov pauv txheej txheem, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov ua tau zoo thiab nrawm ntawm kev sib dhos tank.
Yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob tau dhau mus ua paug ntau heev nrog leej faj, carbon thiab phosphorus (lossis, sib tham, nws tsis muaj manganese lossis manganese oxide), qhov no ua rau tsim cov kab nrib pleb ncaj qha hauv qhov txuas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo npaj cov khoom kom tau welded nyob rau hauv flux. Cov kev xav tau nyuaj: cov ntu yuav tsum yog qhov ntev uas raug, tsis muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev zam. Txwv tsis pub, rau kev vuam, ib feem ntawm txoj kev swb yuav tsum tau "rub", yog li tsim kev nyuaj siab sab hauv. Thiab qhov yooj yim uas tsis ua raws lub zog thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov vuam tam sim no coj mus rau qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov nqaws: porosity, lub qhov ntswg thiab tsis muaj kev nkag mus. Muab qis rau qib kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tso cai nkag mus siv lub tshuab vuam, nws yooj yim rau ntseeg hauv qhov ua tau ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tau koom nrog hauv kev siv vuam thiab tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov vuam zoo ntawm "Paton cov tshuab". Txawm hais tias lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev kho qhov tsis xws luag hauv vuam tshuab.
Kev nce ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tank tau ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis tau xav txog xyoo 1943. Nws tau muab tawm tias qhov seem ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis tas li ua nrog lub tank tsim. Cov tshuab ua haujlwm rau hnav thiab tsim kua muag, qee zaum tsis muaj ammeters los tswj lub zog tam sim no ntawm cov tshuab, tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov vuam electrodes. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub sijhawm "tawg" ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntawv T-34s. Txhawm rau tua cov nthwv dej ntawm kev sib yuav yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws cog ntoo cog ntoo thiab kws tshaj lij los ntawm TsNII-48.
Kev kho dua ntawm tus tsim
Cov cuab yeej tawv tawv thiab cov kab nrib pleb hauv nws yuam cov kws tsim khoom hloov pauv tsis yog siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv phau ntawv qhia. Kev vuam loj thiab kev kub ntxhov, tshwj xeeb, tau ntsib los ntawm sab xub ntiag sab saud, thaum tiv thaiv DT tshuab rab phom, qhov muag qhov muag, lub voj ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub qhov rooj, lub thaiv thaiv thiab lwm yam tsis tseem ceeb tau txuas rau nws thaum lub rooj sib dhos. Nyob ib puag ncig tiv thaiv rab phom tshuab, uas tau ua tib zoo hlais, feem ntau tawg mus txog 600 mm ntev! Vuam tau nthuav dav nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm hneev ntawm ob sab, qhov uas lawv tau nrawm nrog cov nqaws ob sab uas muaj zog nrog rau pem hauv ntej sab saud thiab hauv qab daim hlau, nrog rau cov kab zauv sloth. Feem ntau qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntu hauv cov ntu no tsis sib xws rau cov qauv, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb loj weld seam, tawm hauv qab qhov kev nyuaj siab sab hauv. Nws tau xav kom txo qis kev nruj ntawm qee cov nodes thiab txo qis tag nrho cov vuam hauv cov pob qij txha, uas tau ua los ntawm TsNII-48 tus kws tshaj lij hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws. Tshwj xeeb, txoj hauv kev txuas lub log koov kab rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ru tsev hull tau hloov pauv. Nrog kev pab ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb "tsis" strip ua los ntawm cov hlau me me, uas yav dhau los tau txuas rau lub fender liner, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis qib ntawm qhov kev nyuaj siab zaum kawg hauv lub seam thiab ib puag ncig cov cuab yeej. Tom ntej no, peb xam tawm cov "txheej txheem txheej txheem" uas tau hais los saum toj no ntawm lub phaj pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tank. Tam sim no, raws li cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tshiab, nws muaj peev xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov muag, tiv thaiv lub tshuab rab phom thiab lub qhov rooj hinges tsuas yog nrog 5-6 hli hluav taws xob hauv ob peb txheej: tsawg kawg yog plaub! Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws, cov fenders tau txuas nrog lub ru tsev, phaj pem hauv ntej nrog ob sab, fenders thiab lub ru tsev. Txhua yam ntxiv tau ua noj hauv 2-3 kis nrog 7-10 hli hluav taws xob.
Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev koom nrog ib feem ntawm lub hleb ntawm T-34 lub tank kuj tau hloov pauv. Thaum pib, txhua qhov kev sib txuas, tshwj tsis yog rau kev sib tham ntawm VLD thiab NLD, tau ua hauv ib lub hlis twg raws li cov duab kos. Tab sis tsis ntev tom qab pib ua tsov rog, lawv tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov siab, tab sis nws tsis tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ib yam - ntau qhov tawg tau tshwm sim nyob rau qhov chaw uas cov nqaws raug txiav. Qhov txuas txuas ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej ua kom tawv tawv tsis yog qhov tsim nyog tseem yog vim muaj zog hauv cheeb tsam kev sib zog ntsws tom qab vuam. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo rau yas German cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis haum rau T-34s hauv tsev. Tsuas yog xyoo 1943 ntawm "lub tank yeej" tau ua qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg tshwm sim, uas txaus siab TsNII -48 tus kws tshaj lij - sib tshooj thiab rov qab mus.
Lub hulls ntawm hnyav Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua kev ua haujlwm. Kev sib txuas ntawm daim hlau phom hauv ib lub hlis twg ntawm KV tsis hloov pauv, tab sis sab hauv txhawb nqa lub luj tshib tau hloov pauv nrog cov hlua txuas sab hauv. Twb tau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, rau cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav, qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib tsoo daim hlau thaiv daim hlau tau xaiv (los ntawm kev ua phom thawj zaug). Yog tias lub kaum kev sib txuas nyob ze rau 90 degrees, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv txoj hauv kev "hauv pos" lossis hauv ib lub hlis twg, thiab hauv txhua lwm yam kev hloov pauv - hauv pob txha lossis hauv hniav. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev sab saud ntawm lub rooj sib txoos ntawm lub tank IS-2 tau yug los hauv TsNII-48, thaum, nrog cov tuab ntawm 100-110 mm, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau muab kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws tiv thaiv 88-105 mm projectile. Haum cov khoom ua ke hauv qhov kev tsim kho tau yog qhov xav tsis thoob.
