Austro-Turkish Tsov Rog
Austrians thiab Turks tau tawm tsam ntau pua xyoo rau kev tswj hwm hauv Hungary thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Balkan Peninsula. Kev tsov kev rog ntawm xyoo pua 17th tau ua tiav rau Vienna. Raws li Karlovytsky Peace Treaty ntawm 1699, thaj av loj heev ntawm Hungary, Slavonia, Transylvania thiab Croatia tau pauv mus rau Austria. Raws li kev thaj yeeb ntawm Pozharevatsky hauv 1718, Austrians tau txais Northern Serbia nrog Belgrade, Northern Bosnia thiab lwm thaj av.
Xyoo pua 18th, Austria thiab Russia tau pib koom tes ua lawv cov kev tawm tsam Turkey. Austro-Turkish kev tsov kev rog ntawm 1737-1739 thiab 1788-1790 tau cuam tshuam nrog Lavxias kev tsov rog Lavxias-1735-1739 thiab 1787-1791. Cov neeg Lavxias thiab Austrians tau ua cov phooj ywg. Tsov rog ntawm 1735-1739 tau ua tsis tiav rau Austria. Thaum xub thawj, cov neeg Austrians tuaj yeem tuav tau ib feem ntawm Bosnia, Serbia thiab Wallachia, tab sis xyoo 1739 lawv tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav nyob ze Belgrade thiab raug yuam kom tso tseg tsis yog thaj chaw uas nyob, tab sis kuj yog Banat thiab Sab Qaum Teb Serbia nrog Belgrade.
Lub tsev hais plaub Viennese tau nrhiav txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam hauv Balkans, siv kev txhawb zog ntawm Russia thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm Sublime Port. Tus Vaj Ntxwv Roman Dawb Huv, Archduke ntawm Austria thiab Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Hungary Joseph II xaus qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Turkish kev koom tes nrog Lavxias tus poj huab tais Catherine II. Tom qab Petersburg tsis lees paub Istanbul qhov kawg xav kom tshem tawm cov tub rog los ntawm Crimea, xa Georgia mus rau Qaib Cov Txwv thiab muab txoj cai los tshuaj xyuas txhua lub nkoj Lavxias hla kev hla txoj kab, thaum Lub Yim Hli 1787 Porta tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau Russia. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1788, Vaj Ntxwv Joseph II tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau teb chaws Ottoman.
Ntau qhov tseeb qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov yeeb ncuab phom loj, tsuas yog nws tus kheej tua hluav taws
Austrian cov lus txib, coj los ntawm archduke nws tus kheej, sib sau ua tub rog loj ntawm 100,000. Nws suav nrog Austrian Germans, Serbs, Croats, Hungarians, Romanians, Italians, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho ntxiv, lub tebchaws tau raug tus kabmob sib kis nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntau tus tub rog tau nyob hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Cov tub rog huab tais tau mus txog lub nroog Caransebes, uas nyob ntawm thaj chaw Romanian. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 17, 1787, ib pab tub rog caij nkoj mus rau tom hav zoov hla tus dej Timis. Hussars tsis pom tus yeeb ncuab. Tab sis lawv tau ntsib lub tsev pheeb suab gypsy. Lawv yuav ntau lub thoob cawv los ntawm lawv. Kev lom zem tshaj plaws pib.
Thaum cov tub rog caij nees tau so, ib lub tuam txhab pab tub rog tau tawm los rau lawv. Cov Marines tau qhia kom faib cov dej haus. Cov tswv cuab tub rog caij nees tsis kam qhia tawm. Hauv chav sib ntaus sib tua uas tau pib, ib tus neeg tau qhib "hluav taws" tus phooj ywg. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm nyob rau lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tub rog, cov tub rog tseem ceeb tuag los ntawm cov phooj ywg hluav taws. Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm Iraqi phiaj xwm ("Cua daj cua dub"), Neeg Asmeskas poob rau hauv txoj kev no txhua tus tub rog thib tsib.
Hmo tsaus ntuj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog qaug cawv tau dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj. Qee tus tub rog tau khiav tawm ntawm lawv cov neeg tawm tsam. Muaj qw: "Turks!" Cov tub rog, uas nyob nruab nrab hmo hmo peb taug kev, tau poob siab. Txhua tus neeg ntseeg tias lawv raug hem los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua twb pib lawm. Cov tub rog tau pib tua ib leeg, ua yuam kev rau lawv tus kheej rau cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov xwm txheej tau hnyav dua los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov tub rog. Cov Slavs tsis nkag siab cov lus txib ntawm cov tub ceev xwm German. Cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb Slavonian, cov tub rog tsis xwm yeem los ntawm Slavs uas nyob ntawm ciam teb (zoo li peb Cossacks), tau yuam kev rau cov tub rog Ottoman. Qee tus tub ceev xwm tau xaj kom cov phom loj qhib tua lawv cov tub rog. Nws zoo li ntau tus yeeb ncuab cavalry twb dhau los hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Yog li, hmo ntuj tig mus rau hauv "kev sib ntaus sib tua" vim kev tswj tsis raug thiab tus lej nkag siab yuam kev. Cov tub rog tau tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam nrog nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees tau khiav tawm. Hauv qhov tsis meej pem, cov tub rog yuav luag poob nws tus huab tais. Yauxej tau sim nres qhov kev ntshai, tab sis nws tau rub nws tus nees thiab poob rau hauv qhov dej. Txog thaum sawv ntxov, cov tub rog tau tawg.
Teeb meem
Ob hnub tom qab, pab tub rog Ottoman coj los ntawm cov neeg Yusuf Pasha tuaj rau Karansebesh. Cov Turks tsis pom tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis lawv pom raug mob thiab tua, tso tseg cov khoom siv. Cov Ottomans yooj yim coj Caransebes.
Cov neeg Austrians poob txog 2 txhiab tus neeg raug tua, raug mob thiab raug ntes. Qee tus tub rog tau khiav tawm. Pom tseeb, qhov kev poob ntsej muag tsis txaus ntseeg no tso cai rau cov neeg Austrians sib sau ua ke. Xyoo 1789, Austrian cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev txib ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Coburg tau pab Alexander Suvorov kov yeej cov neeg Ottomans hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm Focsani thiab Rymnik. Tom qab ntawd Field Marshal Ernst Laudon tau tsav cov yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm Banat thiab rov qab nqa Belgrade, Craiova. Coburgsky cov tub rog nkag mus hauv Bucharest. Xyoo 1790, cov neeg Austrians tau pib ua phem rau thaj tsam ntawm Romania niaj hnub no.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1790, Vaj Ntxwv Joseph II tuag. Vienna tau txhawj xeeb txog kev tawm tsam hauv Fab Kis thiab nrhiav kom mob siab rau thiab ua kom muaj zog ntawm lub hauv ntej tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Prussia nias ntawm Vienna, tom qab uas Askiv sawv. Yog li ntawd, tus huab tais tshiab Leopold II txiav txim siab ua kev thaj yeeb nrog Qaib Cov Txwv.
Ib qho kev ua siab ntev tau kos npe rau lub Cuaj Hli 1790. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1791, Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Sistov tau kos npe. Vienna tau xa rov qab yuav luag txhua thaj chaw nyob rau Ottomans, tau txais tsuas yog lub fortress ntawm Orsovo.
