Soviet rab phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, suav txog li 70% ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog German rhuav tshem. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank sib ntaus "mus txog qhov kawg", feem ntau ntawm tus nqi ntawm lawv tus kheej lub neej, tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Panzerwaffe.
Cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank subunits hauv chav kawm ntawm kev ua siab phem tau txhim kho tas li. Txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1940, cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog ib feem ntawm cov phom loj, cov phom loj, cov phom loj, cov tsheb loj thiab cov tub rog caij nees, cov tub rog thiab sib faib. Roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank, platoons thiab kev sib cais tau sib cuam tshuam rau hauv kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub xeev ua ntej tsov rog muaj cov tub rog ntawm 45 mm phom (ob rab phom). Cov tub rog phom thiab cov tub rog siv lub tshuab muaj lub roj teeb ntawm 45 mm rab phom (rau phom). Thawj qhov xwm txheej, txhais tau tias yog tsheb nees, hauv qhov thib ob - tshwj xeeb taug qab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb laij teb "Komsomolets". Kev faib phom thiab kev faib ua lub tshuab suav nrog kev sib cais tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kaum yim rab phom 45-mm. Thawj thawj zaug, kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank tau qhia rau lub xeev ntawm kev faib phom phom Soviet xyoo 1938.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj hwm phom tiv thaiv lub tank tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog hauv kev sib faib, thiab tsis yog ntawm cov pawg lossis pab tub rog. Cov lus txib tau muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub muaj zog los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank hauv thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij.
Tsis ntev ua ntej kev ua tsov rog, kev tsim cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj ntawm RGK tau pib. Raws li lub xeev, txhua pawg tub rog yuav tsum muaj plaub caug yim yim 76-rab phom loj, plaub caug yim yim 85-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, nees nkaum plaub plaub 107-mm phom, kaum rau 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog yog 5322 tus neeg. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, kev tsim cov pab tub rog tsis tiav. Cov koom haum nyuaj thiab cov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev ua siab phem tsis tau tso cai rau thawj cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank kom ua tiav lawv lub peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob hauv thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov pab tub rog tau qhia txog lub peev xwm dav ntawm kev ywj pheej tiv thaiv lub tank.
Nrog rau kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tau raug sim hnyav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, feem ntau cov phom sib faib yuav tsum tau sib ntaus, ua tus tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej ntau tshaj li txoj cai lij choj. Qhov thib ob, cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum tau ntsib lub German "tank wedge" cov tswv yim. Nws suav nrog qhov tseeb tias kev tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Wehrmacht lub tank faib tau tawm tsam hauv qhov nqaim heev ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog 50-60 lub tsheb hauv ib kis lus mev. Xws li tus lej ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv qhov chaw nqaim ntawm lub hauv ntej tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank.
Kev poob loj ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank thaum pib ua tsov rog ua rau txo qis cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv kev faib phom. Kev faib phom ntawm lub xeev Lub Xya Hli 1941 tsuas muaj kaum yim 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank hloov pauv tsib caug-plaub hauv lub xeev ua ntej tsov rog. Txog rau Lub Xya Hli, ib pab tub rog ntawm 45 mm phom los ntawm cov tub rog phom loj thiab cais cais tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank tsis suav nrog. Qhov kawg tau rov qab los nyob hauv lub xeev kev faib phom thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog qee yam uas tau tsim los ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsis ntev los no. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, hauv kev faib phom, PTR cov tub rog tau qhia nyob rau qib kev tswj hwm. Hauv tag nrho, kev faib tawm hauv lub xeev muaj 89 PTR.
Hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev npaj cov phom loj, qhov dav dav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941 yog qhov nce ntawm cov neeg ywj pheej tiv thaiv lub tank. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1942, cov tub rog muaj zog thiab khaws cia ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws Lub Hauv Paus tau muaj: ib pab tub rog loj (ntawm Leningrad pem hauv ntej), 57 lub foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj thiab ob lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv lub tank. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, tsib lub foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank tau txais qib ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv. Ob ntawm lawv tau txais kev tiv thaiv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Volokolamsk - lawv txhawb nqa 316th kev faib phom ntawm I. V. Panfilov.
Xyoo 1942 yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev nce tus lej thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm cov koomhaum tiv thaiv lub tank ywj pheej. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 3, 1942, Xeev Pawg Neeg Tiv Thaiv tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog sib ntaus. Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm, pawg tub rog muaj 1,795 tus neeg, kaum ob rab phom 45-mm, kaum rau rab phom 76-mm, plaub rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm, plaub rab phom tiv thaiv. Los ntawm cov lus txiav txim hauv qab no ntawm Lub Rau Hli 8, 1942, kaum ob tsim cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tau sib koom ua ke hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, peb pawg tub rog txhua tus.
Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj ntawm Red Army yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm NKO ntawm USSR No. 0528 kos npe los ntawm JV Stalin, raws li uas: cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv subunits tau nce, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau muab ob npaug nyiaj hli, cov nyiaj ntsuab tau tsim los rau txhua lub tank puas, tag nrho cov lus txib thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj tau muab tso rau hauv tus as khauj tshwj xeeb thiab yuav tsum siv tsuas yog hauv cov chav qhia.
Lub tes tsho kos npe hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov rhombus dub nrog cov xim liab nrog cov phom phom hla tau dhau los ua qhov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov nce ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub tank tau nrog los ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942. Peb caug lub teeb (nees nkaum 76 mm phom) thiab nees nkaum tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj (nees nkaum 45 mm phom) tau tsim.
Cov tub rog tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv thiab tam sim pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov kev hem thawj ntawm cov hauv ntej.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1942, kaum qhov ntxiv tiv thaiv lub tank sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim nrog nees nkaum 45-mm phom txhua. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 1942, lub roj teeb ntxiv ntawm plaub lub phom 76 hli tau qhia rau hauv cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank tau koom ua ke hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943, Cov Tub Rog Liab tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj suav nrog 2 kev sib ntaus sib tua, 15 tus tub rog sib ntaus, 2 lub zog tiv thaiv lub tank hnyav, 168 tiv thaiv lub tank sib ntaus sib tua, thiab 1 tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank.
Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tank siab heev ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau txais lub npe Pakfront los ntawm cov neeg German. CANCER yog German ntawv luv rau phom tiv thaiv lub tank - Panzerabwehrkannone. Hloov chaw ntawm kev npaj cov phom raws txoj kev tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej thaum pib ua tsov rog, lawv tau koom ua ke hauv pab pawg raws li cov lus txib ib leeg. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau qhov tua hluav taws ntawm ob peb phom ntawm ib lub hom phiaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank yog thaj chaw tiv thaiv lub tank. Txhua qhov chaw tiv thaiv lub tank muaj cais cov ntsiab lus tiv thaiv lub tank muaj zog (PTOPs), uas tau sib txuas lus nrog hluav taws. "Ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus hluav taws nrog ib leeg" - txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm tib lub hom phiaj los ntawm PTOPs nyob sib ze. PTOP tau ntim nrog txhua hom riam phom tua hluav taws. Lub hauv paus ntawm PTOP cov txheej txheem tua phom yog 45-mm phom, 76-mm phom tswj hwm, ib feem ntawm cov phom loj ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank.
Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk Bulge thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943. Lub sijhawm ntawd, 76-mm phom sib faib yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank thiab kev tsim tawm. "Sorokapyatki" ua txog li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Kursk Bulge. Kev ncua ntev hauv kev ua siab phem rau pem hauv ntej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm chav nyob thiab kev tsim khoom vim yog kev muab cov cuab yeej los ntawm kev lag luam thiab rov muab cov khoom tiv thaiv lub tank tso nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Qib kawg hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm Red Army cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank yog kev nthuav dav ntawm nws cov koog thiab pom cov phom tua tus kheej ua ib feem ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Thaum pib xyoo 1944, txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cais cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom sib ntaus sib tua tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv tank. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1944, cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank suav nrog 50 tus tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank thiab 141 tus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub nkoj rhuav tshem. Los ntawm kev xaj ntawm NKO No. 0032 ntawm Lub Yim Hli 2, 1944, ib lub SU-85 regiment (21 rab phom rau tus kheej) tau ntxiv rau kaum tsib pab tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov tseeb, tsuas yog yim pab tub rog tau txais rab phom tua tus kheej.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kev qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank, phiaj xwm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog loj tau teeb tsa los tawm tsam German lub tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab thiab tua phom. Hauv cov chav tiv thaiv lub tank, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau tshwm sim: "Memo rau cov tub rog loj - tus rhuav tshem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam" lossis "Memo ntawm kev sib ntaus tawm tsam Tsov tso tsheb hlau luam." Thiab hauv cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb sab nraub qaum tau teeb tsa, qhov uas cov tub rog tau kawm txog kev tua ntawm lub tsheb tso dag, suav nrog txav mus.
Ib txhij nrog kev txhim kho cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub rog, cov tswv yim tau zoo dua. Nrog rau qhov muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov tub rog nrog riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, "lub hnab tua hluav taws" tau siv ntau zuj zus. Cov phom tau muab tso rau hauv "zes tiv thaiv lub tank" ntawm 6-8 phom nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm 50-60 meters thiab tau camouflaged zoo. Cov zes tau nyob hauv av kom ua tiav ntev-flanking nrog lub peev xwm los mloog zoo rau hluav taws. Dhau cov tso tsheb hlau luam txav mus rau thawj lub tsev, hluav taws tau qhib tam sim ntawd, ntawm lub flank, ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab luv luv.
Hauv kev tawm tsam, cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau rub tawm tam sim tom qab cov pab pawg nce qib hauv qhov kev txiav txim, yog tias tsim nyog, los txhawb lawv nrog hluav taws.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank hauv peb lub tebchaws tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 1930, thaum, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau kos npe pom zoo daim ntawv cog lus, raws li cov neeg German tau cog lus tias yuav pab USSR npaj cov khoom tsim tawm tag nrho ntawm 6 cov phom loj. Txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev pom zoo, lub tuam txhab ua ntej "BYUTAST" (lub tuam txhab lav lav "Bureau rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb") tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.
Ntawm lwm yam riam phom tau thov los ntawm USSR yog 37 hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Kev tsim cov riam phom no, hla kev txwv los ntawm Versailles Treaty, tau ua tiav ntawm Rheinmetall Borzig ruaj hauv xyoo 1928. Thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm rab phom, hu ua So 28 (Tankabwehrkanone, uas yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank - lo lus Panzer tau siv tom qab), nkag mus sim xyoo 1930, thiab xyoo 1932 cov khoom siv rau pab tub rog pib. Rab phom 28 rab phom muaj rab phom 45 -caliber nrog lub rooj sib dhos kab rov tav, uas tau muab qhov hluav taws kub zoo - txog li 20 teev / feeb. Lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub txaj tubular tau muab lub kaum sab xis qhia dav dav - 60 °, tab sis tib lub sijhawm cov chassis nrog cov log ntoo tau tsim tsuas yog rau kev txav mus los.
Thaum pib ntawm 30s, rab phom no tau hle riam phom ntawm txhua lub tank, tej zaum, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm, nyob deb ua ntej ntawm kev txhim kho hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Tom qab hloov kho tshiab, tau txais lub log nrog lub log tsheb pneumatic uas tso cai rub lub tsheb, txhim kho rab phom nqa phom thiab pom kev zoo dua, nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li kev xaiv 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 (Panzerabwehrkanone 35/36).
Tseem tshuav txog xyoo 1942 lub phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Wehrmacht.
Cov phom German tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm tsob ntoo ze Moscow. Kalinin (Tsis tau. 8), qhov uas nws tau txais lub Hoobkas ntsuas 1-K. Lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav kev tsim riam phom tshiab nrog rau qhov nyuaj, phom tau ua ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, nrog rau kev ua kom haum ntawm cov khoom. Xyoo 1931, cov nroj tsuag tau nthuav tawm 255 phom rau cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis tsis tau muab ib qho vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Xyoo 1932, tau xa 404 rab phom, xyoo 1933 - lwm 105.
Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem nrog rab phom zoo tsim los, 1-K yog rab phom tiv thaiv zoo rau lub xyoo 1930. Nws lub foob pob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsoo tau txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 300 m, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom sij ib txwm nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv phom 30 hli. Lub phom tau nrawm heev, nws lub cev hnyav tau tso cai rau cov neeg coob kom txav nws mus ncig tshav rog. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom, uas ua rau nws tshem tawm sai los ntawm kev tsim khoom, yog qhov ua kom tsis muaj zog tawg ntawm 37-mm projectile thiab tsis muaj kev ncua. Ib qho ntxiv, cov phom uas tau tso tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv qhov ua tau zoo qis. Kev txais yuav riam phom no tau suav tias yog kev ntsuas ib ntus, txij li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Red Army xav kom muaj rab phom ntau dua qub uas suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom tub rog, thiab 1-K, vim nws lub peev xwm me thiab tsis muaj zog faib ua qhov projectile, tsis zoo rau lub luag haujlwm no.
Lub 1-K yog thawj rab phom tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm Pab Tub Rog Liab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho hom riam phom no. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau pib hloov pauv los ntawm rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank, dhau los yuav luag tsis pom nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau. Qhov kawg ntawm 30s, 1-K tau pib thim los ntawm cov tub rog thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia, tseem nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm nkaus xwb raws li kev qhia.
Thaum pib ua tsov rog, txhua rab phom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom raug pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txij li xyoo 1941 muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov phom loj los ua kom muaj coob tus tsim tshiab tsim thiab tsim kom muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Tau kawg, los ntawm 1941, cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau yam ntxwv ntawm 37-mm 1-K phom tiv thaiv lub tank tuaj yeem tsis suav tias yog qhov txaus siab, nws tuaj yeem tso siab tau tsuas yog tso lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab, rab phom no tuaj yeem siv tau zoo thaum tua ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov ze (tsawg dua 300 m). Tsis tas li ntawd, Soviet cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov phom zoo li tsis zoo hauv kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau German cov phom ntawm qhov zoo sib xws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, rab phom no tuaj yeem siv ntes 37-mm mos txwv, hauv qhov no, nws cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau nce ntau, txawm tias dhau qhov zoo ib yam ntawm rab phom 45-mm.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus siv cov phom no, tej zaum yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lawv tau ploj hauv xyoo 1941.
Cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb heev ntawm 1-K yog tias nws tau dhau los ua poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov coob heev Soviet 45-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab Soviet tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj.
Thaum lub sijhawm "kev tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej" nyob rau sab hnub poob tebchaws Ukraine, ntau pua puas tus neeg Polish 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab cov mos txwv tseem ceeb rau lawv raug ntes.
Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau xa mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom, thiab thaum kawg xyoo 1941 lawv tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog, vim yog qhov kev poob loj ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov rog, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov phom loj, tshwj xeeb yog cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Xyoo 1941, GAU luam tawm "Cov lus piav qhia luv, Cov lus qhia ua haujlwm" rau rab phom no.
Phom phom tiv thaiv 37 hli, tsim los ntawm Bofors lub tuam txhab, yog riam phom zoo, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv.
Phom muaj qhov nrawm nrawm qhov ncauj thiab qhov hluav taws kub, qhov ntev me me thiab qhov hnyav (uas ua kom yooj yim rau camouflage rab phom rau hauv av thiab yob nws mus rau hauv tshav rog los ntawm cov neeg coob), thiab tseem tau yoog rau kev thauj mus los sai sai los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv zog.. Piv rau German 37-mm Pak 35/36 phom tiv thaiv lub tank, rab phom Polish muaj kev nkag tau zoo dua tiv thaiv riam phom, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov pib ua ntej tshaj ntawm qhov projectile.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm 30s, muaj qhov xav ua kom tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank, ntxiv rau, cov tub rog Soviet xav tau rab phom tiv thaiv lub peev xwm uas tuaj yeem pab tua hluav taws rau cov tub rog. Qhov no xav tau kev nce siab ntxiv.
Tus tshiab 45 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau tsim los ntawm kev tso lub 45 mm chim rau ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus los ntawm 37 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Xyoo 1931. Lub tsheb thauj khoom kuj tau txhim kho - kev ncua kev ncua ntawm lub log tsheb tau qhia. Lub kaw lus ib nrab tsis siv neeg ib txwm rov ua cov txheej txheem 1-K thiab tso cai 15-20 rov ua dua / feeb.
Qhov 45-mm projectile hnyav 1.43 kg thiab hnyav dua 2 zaug hnyav dua li 37-mm. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m, lub foob pob ua phom-phom, feem ntau nkag mus rau 43-mm armor. Thaum lub sijhawm saws, 45- mm anti-tank phom mod. Xyoo 1937 ntawm xyoo tau khawb cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua lub tank uas twb muaj lawm.
Lub foob pob tawg ntawm 45-mm tawg thaum tawg tau muab kwv yees li 100 qhov tawg, khaws lub zog ua kom tuag thaum ya 15 m raws li pem hauv ntej thiab 5-7 m sib sib zog nqus. …
Yog li, rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 45 hli muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau zoo.
Los ntawm 1937 txog 1943, 37354 rab phom raug tua. Tsis ntev ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, rab phom 45-mm tau raug txiav tawm, vim tias peb cov tub rog kev coj noj coj ua ntseeg tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tshiab yuav muaj tuab tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua ntej uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cov phom no. Tsis ntev tom qab pib ua tsov rog, rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv koob ntxiv.
Cov phom loj ntawm 45-mm ntawm xyoo 1937 tau muab tso rau hauv kev tiv thaiv lub platoons ntawm Red Army cov tub rog phom loj (2 phom) thiab tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kev faib phom (12 phom). Lawv kuj tau ua haujlwm nrog cais cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank, uas suav nrog 4-5 plaub lub phom phom.
Rau nws lub sijhawm hais txog kev nkag mus rau riam phom "Plaub caug-tsib" yog qhov tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm nkag mus tsis txaus ntawm 50-mm frontal armor ntawm Pz Kpfw III Ausf H thiab Pz Kpfw IV Ausf F1 tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov tsis ntseeg. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej-tho qhov zoo li. Ntau pawg ntawm cov plhaub muaj qhov tsis xws txheej txheem. Yog tias txoj cai kho cua sov tau ua txhaum hauv kev tsim khoom, lub plhaub tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj thiab, vim li ntawd, cais tawm tsam lub tank cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tab sis thaum Lub Yim Hli 1941 qhov teeb meem raug daws - kev hloov pauv tau ua rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (cov neeg siv hauv zos tau qhia).
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, ib lub pob zeb me me 45-mm nrog lub tungsten core tau saws, uas tau hla 66-mm armor ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m raws qhov ib txwm muaj, thiab thaum tua ntawm rab riam ntau ntawm 100 m-armor ntawm 88 hli
Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm APCR lub plhaub, kev hloov pauv lig ntawm Pz Kpfw IV tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua ntej uas tsis tshaj 80 hli, dhau los ua "nyuaj".
Thaum xub thawj, lub plhaub tshiab tau nyob ntawm tus as khauj tshwj xeeb thiab tau muab rau tus kheej. Txog kev siv nyiaj tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov phom me me, tus thawj coj phom thiab tus tua phom tuaj yeem raug coj mus sib hais.
Hauv txhais tes ntawm cov kws paub dhau los thiab muaj txuj ci zoo cov thawj coj thiab cov kws tshaj lij, 45 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tsheb. Nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau muaj kev txav mus tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm kev nkaum. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum muaj riam phom muaj zog ntau dua, uas tau dhau los ua 45-mm cannon mod. Xyoo 1942 M-42, tsim thiab siv rau xyoo 1942.
Lub 45-mm M-42 phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau txais los ntawm kev kho dua tshiab 45-mm cannon ntawm 1937 tus qauv ntawm Tsob Ntoo No. 172 hauv Motovilikha. Kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub no suav nrog ua kom ntev lub thoob (los ntawm 46 txog 68 calibers), nce cov nqi hluav taws xob (qhov hnyav ntawm cov hmoov av hauv rooj plaub tau nce los ntawm 360 txog 390 grams) thiab ntau qhov kev ntsuas thev naus laus zis los ua kom yooj yim tsim khoom ntau. Lub tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm daim npog npog tau nce los ntawm 4.5 mm txog 7 mm rau kev tiv thaiv zoo dua ntawm cov neeg coob los ntawm cov phom phom-phom cov phom.
Raws li kev hloov kho tshiab, qhov muzzle nrawm ntawm qhov projectile tau nce los ntawm yuav luag 15% - los ntawm 760 txog 870 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres raws qhov ib txwm muaj, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom tau nkag mus rau 61mm, thiab APCR qhov projectile tau hle -81mm armor. Raws li kev sau cia ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank, M-42 muaj qhov ua haujlwm raug hluav taws kub siab heev thiab me ntsis thim rov qab thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws tau zoo yam tsis tau kho lub hom phiaj.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm 45-mm phom mod. Xyoo 1942 ntawm lub xyoo tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1943 thiab tau ua tiav tsuas yog cog ntawm tus lej 172. Thaum lub sijhawm hnyav tshaj plaws, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim 700 rab phom no ib hlis. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 10,843 phom mod. Xyoo 1942. Lawv cov khoom txuas ntxiv tom qab ua tsov rog. Cov phom tshiab, raws li lawv tau tso tawm, tau rov ua dua cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj thiab cov tub rog nrog 45-mm tiv thaiv cov phom phom loj. Xyoo 1937.
Raws li nws tau pom meej sai, cov cuab yeej nkag mus ntawm M-42 los tawm tsam German cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav nrog lub zog tiv thaiv phom loj Pz. Kpfw. V "Panther" thiab Pz. Kpfw. VI "Tsov" tsis txaus. Kev ua tiav ntau dua yog kev tua cov phom loj me me ntawm ob sab, tawv thiab qis qis. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev tsim khoom loj, kev txav mus los, yooj yim ntawm kev nkaum thiab pheej yig, rab phom tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Nyob rau xyoo 30s lig, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim phom tiv thaiv lub tank muaj peev xwm tsoo lub tank nrog tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv phom tau dhau los. Kev suav suav pom qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm 45 mm lub peev xwm hais txog kev nce qib ntawm kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej. Ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab ntsuas calibers 55 thiab 60 mm, tab sis thaum kawg nws tau txiav txim siab nres ntawm qhov ntsuas 57 mm. Riam phom ntawm lub peev xwm no tau siv hauv tsarist pab tub rog thiab tub rog (Nordenfeld thiab Hotchkiss rab phom). Txog qhov muaj peev xwm no, qhov projectile tshiab tau tsim-txheej txheem txheej txheem los ntawm rab phom 76-mm faib nrog kev rov nyem ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm rooj plaub mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 57 mm tau raug lees txais raws li nws rooj plaub.
Xyoo 1940, pab pawg tsim los ntawm Vasily Gavrilovich Grabin pib tsim rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab uas yuav ua tau raws li cov txuj ci thiab txuj ci xav tau ntawm Cov Thawj Coj Loj Artillery (GAU). Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom tshiab yog kev siv lub 73 caliber ntev chim. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1000 m, rab phom tau hle 90 mm lub tsho tiv no nrog rab riam phom.
Tus qauv ntawm rab phom tau tsim tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1940 thiab dhau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm lub hoobkas. Thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941, rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe 57-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1941g ua. Hauv tag nrho, txij Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, kwv yees li 250 rab phom tau xa tuaj.
Cov phom loj 57-hli los ntawm kev sim ua pawg tau koom nrog hauv kev ua siab phem. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm Komsomolets lub teeb pom kev tsheb laij teb-qhov no yog thawj lub Soviet tiv thaiv lub tank phom tua tus kheej, uas, vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub chassis, ua rau tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tshiab tau yooj yim nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm txhua qhov tam sim no German tso tsheb hlau luam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog txoj haujlwm ntawm GAU, kev tso tawm rab phom tau raug tso tseg, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim khoom thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau yog npauj npaim.
Xyoo 1943, nrog cov tsos ntawm hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm cov Germans, tsim cov phom rov qab. Cov phom ntawm 1943 tus qauv muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phom ntawm xyoo 1941 tso tawm, tsom feem ntau ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsim cov phom. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rov tsim cov khoom loj tau nyuaj - teeb meem thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm cov thoob. Kev tsim cov phom loj raws li lub npe "57-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1943 " ZIS-2 tau teeb tsa los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli-Kaum Ib Hlis 1943, tom qab ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab, muab cov cuab yeej siv raws li qiv-xauj tsev.
Txij li lub sijhawm rov pib tsim khoom, kom txog rau thaum xaus kev ua tsov rog, ntau dua 9,000 rab phom tau txais los ntawm pab tub rog.
Nrog kev rov tsim kho cov ZIS-2 xyoo 1943, cov phom nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov phom loj (iptap), 20 phom rau ib pab tub rog.
Txij li thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, ZIS-2 tau nkag mus rau hauv cov xeev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm phom sib faib-rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank thiab rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank (12 phom). Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1945, kev sib faib phom zoo ib yam tau pauv mus rau lub xeev zoo sib xws.
Lub peev xwm ntawm ZIS-2 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsoo 80-mm frontal armor ntawm feem ntau German nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam Pz. IV thiab tua phom rau tus kheej-propelled phom StuG III ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau sab caj npab ntawm Pz. VI "Tsov" tank; ntawm qhov nrug deb tsawg dua 500 m, Tsov tus Tsov tus tw lub tsho tiv no kuj raug ntaus.
Hais txog tus nqi tag nrho thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev sib ntaus thiab kev pabcuam thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, ZIS-2 tau dhau los ua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
