Txhawm rau nkag siab li cas cov tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tau txav mus rau tom ntej los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum rov nco txog lub xeev ntawm peb "vaj tswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog" peb xyoos ua ntej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov tsis txaus ntawm ob lub qauv phom loj thiab cov mos txwv. Major General Lelyushenko D. D. qhia rau Major General N. Berzarin txog qhov xwm txheej hauv 21st Mechanized Corps:
"Cov tub rog tau mus rau pem hauv ntej nrog qhov tsis txaus ntawm rab phom loj, phom hnyav thiab lub tshuab rab phom thiab cov phom tsis siv neeg, nrog rau cov phom. Feem ntau ntawm cov phom 76-hli tsis muaj qhov pom kev, thiab cov phom me me uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsis muaj cov neeg tshawb nrhiav (lawv tau muab ob hnub ua ntej tsov rog thiab thaum tsov rog)."
Qhov thib ob, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov phom loj, tsis muaj zog MTO, nrog rau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tshuav ntau yam uas xav tau. Thib peb, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau poob ntau rab phom loj hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua rog. Yog li, pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli 1941 poob txog 21 txhiab rab phom loj! Cov tub rog, tswj hwm thiab faib phom loj-45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom 76-mm, 122- thiab 152-mm howitzers-ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Kev phom sij loj heev hauv phom thiab phom tau yuam Tus Thawj Coj Loj kom thim ib feem ntawm cov riam phom loj mus rau Reserve ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws. Hauv kev faib phom, vim li ntawd, cov phom thiab cov tshuaj phom phom tau txo los ntawm 294 txog 142, uas txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom sij phom sij los ntawm 433.8 kg rau 199.8 kg thiab phom loj phom tam sim ntawd los ntawm 1388.4 kg rau 348.4 kg. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov tub rog hais kom ua, txawm tias muaj cov nyiaj khaws tseg me me, qee zaum raug kho dawb, yog tias tsis ua txhaum cai.
Ib qho piv txwv raug muab hauv Izvestia ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Pob Zeb thiab Artillery. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 3, 1941, nyob ze Kapan thiab Dorokhovo, 601st Infantry Regiment ntawm 82nd Infantry Division tau thim rov qab yam tsis tau ceeb toom rau cov phom loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua uas siab tawv thiab tsis sib xws, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog, yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb tuag. Kuj tseem muaj teeb meem loj yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev siv riam phom loj hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua rog. Qhov ceev ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau qis heev uas nws tau siv tsis txwv txawm tias tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm Nazis. Barreled artillery thiab mortars ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm German cov chaw ruaj khov tsuas yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tub rog tsis tau txhawb nqa txhua txoj hauv kev - tom qab kev npaj phom loj ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov phom poob ntsiag to. Kev txav txav tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 10, 1942 nrog tsab ntawv hais qhia No. 03 ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws Lub Hauv Paus, uas qhia tias xav tau kev siv phom loj los tawm tsam tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab, nrog rau kev tawm tsam tua cov tub rog thiab tso tsheb hlau luam kom txog thaum tus yeeb ncuab poob. Qhov tseeb, cov lus qhia no tau qhia lub tswv yim tshiab rau cov tub rog ntawm kev siv phom loj. Tom qab ntawd, txoj kev xav ntawm kev ua phem los ntawm rab phom loj tau mob siab rau txhim kho ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab ntawm tshav rog. Thawj qhov kev siv txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas yog kev tawm tsam ntawm Stalingrad hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm Uranus. Qhov tseeb pinnacle ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm Red Army lub phom loj yog Bobruisk ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Ob chav tua hluav taws
Kev ua tiav ntawm Bobruisk kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo (Lub Rau Hli 1944) raws li theem pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj "Bagration" tau tsim, zoo li kev sib dhos, los ntawm ntau yam. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tsim cov phom loj sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv 18th Rifle Corps qhov chaw ua phem. Tom qab ntawm ib mais ntawm sab xub ntiag, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom mob siab txog 185 rab phom, cug thiab foob pob hluav taws ntawm ntau yam ntsuas. Lawv kuj tau saib xyuas cov mos txwv - nws tau npaj yuav siv 1 mos txwv nyob rau ib hnub rau kev npaj ua phom loj, 0, 5 mos txwv rau kev txhawb nqa phom loj rau kev tawm tsam thiab 1 mos txwv rau kev txhawb nqa phom loj rau kev tawm tsam hauv qhov tob ntawm kev ua tiav. Txog qhov no, tsis pub dhau rau hnub txij li Lub Rau Hli 14 txog rau Lub Rau Hli 19, cov neeg tua phom pem hauv ntej tau txais 67 lub tswb nrov nrog cov cuab yeej thiab mos txwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj kev tshem tawm ntawm tus kheej cov echelons ntawm qhov deb ntawm thaj chaw sib faib los ntawm 100-200 km. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no twb dhau los ntawm kev thauj khoom, uas ib txwm ua rau cov roj tsis txaus - cov chav tsis tau npaj txhij rau kev taug kev ntev li no. Txog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev pabcuam tom ntej, qhov teeb meem no tau daws sai.
Nws yuav tsum tau foob pob cov yeeb ncuab rau ntau dua ob teev (125 feeb), faib cov hluav taws ua rau peb ntu. Thaum pib, ob lub sijhawm hnyav hnyav, 15 thiab 20 feeb txhua, ua raws li 90-feeb lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntsiag to los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab tshem tawm cov hnab uas tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, cov tub rog yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws siv cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua". Qhov tseeb yog tias nrog kev tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab sib sib zog nqus, txawm tias rab phom loj heev tsis tuaj yeem npog tag nrho Nazis cov khoom. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab rub tawm cov peev txheej, kev tswj hwm, thiab txawm tias tawm tsam. Ib qho ntxiv, Nazis twb tau kawm kom tawm mus rau txoj haujlwm tom ntej ntawm cov phom loj ntawm Soviet phom - feem ntau cov mos txwv poob rau hauv qhov khoob. Sai li sai tau cov tub rog thiab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam, cov neeg German tau tuav lub hom phiaj tua phom plowed los ntawm lub plhaub thiab qhib hluav taws rov qab. Cov artillerymen tuaj nrog dab tsi? Lieutenant General Georgy Semenovich Nadysev, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Artillery ntawm 1st Belorussian Front, tau sau txog qhov no hauv nws phau ntawv sau tseg:
"Tsis zoo li kev sib ntaus sib tua ib leeg, rab phom loj, pib txhawb nqa kev tua cov tub rog thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, teeb ib daim ntaub thaiv hluav taws (barrage) tsis yog ib zaug, tab sis ib txhij raws ob txoj kab tseem ceeb, uas yog 400 meters sib nrug. Cov kab tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv kuj tau hais tseg txhua txhua 400 metres, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj ib lossis ob qhov nruab nrab. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, ob pab pawg ntawm cov phom loj tau tsim. Lawv qhib hluav taws ib txhij - thawj ntawm thawj kab tseem ceeb thiab zaum thib ob. Tab sis yav tom ntej, lawv tau ua ntau yam. Thawj pab pawg raug rho tawm ntawm txhua txoj kab - tseem ceeb thiab nruab nrab, "taug kev" 200 meters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pab pawg thib ob ntawm cov phom loj tsuas yog tua ntawm cov kab tseem ceeb. Sai li thawj pab pawg, tau mus txog, tau qhib hluav taws ntawm kab, qhov uas nyuam qhuav muaj kab hlau rhuav ntawm pab pawg thib ob, tom kawg tau ua "kauj ruam" rau tom ntej 400 meters. Yog li qhov kev sib tw ob npaug tau ua rau ob kilometers. Nws tau muab tawm tias nrog qhov pib ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov yeeb ncuab hauv 400-meter kab txaij tau poob, zoo li nws yog, nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub tuav. Qhov seem ntawm cov xwm txheej rau kev teeb tsa thiab ua ob qhov kev tawm tsam tseem zoo ib yam rau ib leeg: kev sib cuam tshuam ze ntawm cov tub rog loj nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, qhia meej tswj lub cim, kev qhia siab thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm kev suav."
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tus thawj ntawm cov phom loj ntawm 65th Army, Major General Israel Solomonovich Beskin, ua ntej Bobruisk kev tawm tsam, tau ua ntau qhov kev tawm dag zog los tswj kev ua tub rog thiab phom loj thaum ua phem. Qhov tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam hauv kev tawm tsam hauv qab ntawm "ob chav barrage".
"God of War" hauv kev nqis tes ua
Tawm tsam txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm rab phom loj ntawm 18th Rifle Corps tso rau ntawm 35th Infantry Division ntawm Wehrmacht thaum Lub Rau Hli 24 thaum 4.55 teev sawv ntxov. Nws tau muab tawm tias cov tswv yim ntawm kev tua hluav taws ob zaug tau ua tiav zoo - Cov neeg German tau raug kev txom nyem loj hauv thawj teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lub tank thiab cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tau pib tawm tsam 10 feeb ua ntej tshaj li tau npaj tseg, uas yog vim qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua phom loj thiab raug. Thiab twb tau ntawm 6.50 cov phom loj pib txav los txhawb pab pawg sib ntaus. Nrog rau qhov hluav taws kub ob zaug, cov phom ua haujlwm nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij, thaum nyob rau ntawm ob sab nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom muaj hluav taws kub vim qhov tsis pom kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev foob phom loj tua hluav taws ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm ntau qhov kev foob pob hluav taws, lub ntuj raug txim tau tsim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - tsis muaj dab tsi nyob hauv Nazis.
Tus sau ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tua phom loj yog pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, tau taw qhia los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj General ntawm Artillery Georgy Nadysev. Txoj kev txhim kho theoretical ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev sib tw ob zaug tau thov los ntawm Major Leonid Sergeevich Sapkov, Tus Pabcuam Loj rau Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Command ntawm 48th Army Artillery Commander. Nrog rau qhov kev hloov pauv tub rog no, Major Leonid Sapkov tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, qib 1.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev siv hluav taws ob zaug ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txuag tau mos txwv rau qhov xav tau ntawm rab phom loj ntawm ob pab tub rog thib 65 thiab tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm 1st Belorussian Front. Raws li txoj kev npaj, 165.7 txhiab lub foob pob thiab cov pob zeb tau npaj rau cov tub rog, uas tsuas yog kwv yees li ntawm 100 txhiab leej tau siv. Thaum tsis tau tua hluav taws zoo li Nazis, 65th Army's qhov kev hais kom ua phom loj tau txhawj xeeb nrog kev txav mus los ntawm cov phom loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj peev txheej txaus - Belarusian swamps ua rau nyuaj rau qhov ua phem. Cov tub rog lub phom loj tsuas muaj ib txoj kev thiab ob lub rooj vag ntawm nws qhov pov tseg. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev sib koom nruj ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov koog tau nws tuaj yeem ua tiav xa cov phom tua tus kheej thiab nqa riam phom tom qab cov phom phom thiab tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha rau cov tub rog. Qhov thib ob tau xa mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua pab tub rog txhawb nqa pab tub rog thiab ib feem ntawm cov phom loj, suav nrog cov foob pob hluav taws, los ntawm pab pawg tub rog ntev, pab tub rog ntawm pab tub rog tiv thaiv, nrog rau tiv thaiv lub tank tshwj tseg ntawm Cov phom loj 18 thiab cov tub rog 65th. Twb tau tom qab 1st Guards Tank Corps ntawm General MF Panov, rab phom loj ntawm lub zog loj thiab tshwj xeeb, cov pab pawg ntev thiab pab tub rog, tau tsiv mus. Nws yog cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev siv phom loj tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv qhov tob uas tau qhia nws tus kheej kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau dhau los ua qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus ntxiv.
Kev kos duab ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj, uas tau kawm tiav los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Bobruisk kev tawm tsam, sib txawv nrog qhov yuav luag raug xwm txheej loj heev ntawm cov tub rog ntawm xyoo 1941. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa tsis zoo thiab tsis siv rab phom loj, "vaj tswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog" tau dhau los ua lub zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis muaj qhov xav tias thaum Lub Rau Hli 29, 1944, hauv kev hwm ntawm kev ua tiav Bobruisk hauv Moscow, tau txais kev qhuas ntawm 224 daim phom loj.
