Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21 tau txiav txim siab hnub uas thawj zaug ntes Rostov-on-Don los ntawm Wehrmacht pab tub rog. Txawm hais tias ntau txhiab qhov kev poob ntawm ob sab, Nazis tuav lub Don peev rau yim hnub, thiab lub sijhawm no poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li "lub lim tiam ntshav".
Txij thaum pib ua tsov rog, ntau txhiab tus Rostovites tau tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig lub nroog, tshem tawm 10 lab cubic meters ntawm av. Lawv tau ua rau tiv thaiv lub tank ntsaum thiab cov neeg coob coob, cov nqes hav thiab cov chaw nkaum rau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, kev khawb av thiab cov ntawv soj ntsuam. Cov kev tiv thaiv no tau nthuav tawm 115 km ntawm Don Dej hla Novocherkassk thiab raws tus Dej Tuzlov mus rau lub zos Generalskoye, raws Donskoy Kamenny Chulek mus txog qhov chaw Khapry.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog xaiv 1st Panzer Army ntawm General Ewald von Kleist tau kav ntev li ib hlis, txij lub Kaum Hli 20 txog rau Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 1941. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Rostov los ntawm Taganrog tau kav kaum hnub. Hauv kev tshem tawm thawj qhov kev tawm tsam German ntawm Rostov hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog ntawm 343rd Stavropol, 353rd Novorossiysk infantry thiab 68th Kushchevskaya cavalry kev sib cais sawv tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tub rog tsav tsheb ntawm thib 3 motorized corps ntawm General Eberhard Lub Yim Hli. los ntawm Mackensen. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xaiv German 3rd Motorized Corps, suav nrog ob lub tank thiab ob lub cav sib cais, raug kev puas tsuaj loj, raug yuam kom tso tseg qhov kev ua phem rau Rostov thiab hloov nws txoj kev siv mus rau Novoshakhtinskoe kev taw qhia, hla kev sab qaum teb.
Cov Nazis tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tshiab hauv nroog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17, ua rau lub tank nres los ntawm sab qaum teb, los ntawm lub zos Bolshiye Saly, tawm tsam Colonel Ivan Seredkin's 317th Baku Rifle Division, uas tseem tsis tau raug rho tawm haujlwm. Ntawm tus nqi ntawm lawv lub neej, 16 tus neeg tua phom tau rov tua 50 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, 12 tau raug hlawv thiab 18 tau raug tsoo tawm. Cov tub rog ntawm rab phom loj tau muab khoom plig tom qab xaj thiab khoom plig, thiab Sergei Oganov thiab Sergei Vavilov tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union. Txoj kev ntawm Rostov tau muaj npe tom qab lawv, thiab tau ua kev nco txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw tuag.
Ceev nrooj mus cawm lub roj teeb uas muaj lub siab zoo nrog lub tuam txhab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, tus thawj coj faib, Colonel Seredkin, raug tua. Hauv peb hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, pawg Baku poob 8,971 tus tub rog thiab tus thawj coj thiab txhua rab phom thiab rab phom tshuab. Cov tub rog ntawm 31st, 353rd, 343rd kev faib, pawg tub rog ntawm 6 lub tub rog tub rog, tub rog ntawm cov tsev kawm tub rog, thiab cov tub rog kuj tau tawm mus. Txog 16 teev rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 1941, kev tsim thiab chav nyob ntawm 56th Pawg Tub Rog Sib Koom tau thim rov qab mus rau sab laug ntawm Don.
Kev ntes Rostov ib ntus kuj tseem tsis raug rau cov tub rog German: txog li 3,500 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm raug tua, ntau dua 5,000 tus raug mob thiab raug cua daj cua dub, 154 raug mob thiab raug tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau pua lub tsheb thiab maus taus, ntau lwm yam cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab riam phom. Lub zog tawm tsam ntawm 13 thiab 14th Panzer, 60th thiab 1st "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler" kev sib cais uas tau tsoo lub Don peev tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj uas lawv tsis muaj txoj haujlwm los ua phem ntxiv rau Caucasus.
Tus neeg sib tw ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Tus Xibfwb Natalia Bakulina, uas tau ua haujlwm ntau dua 40 xyoo ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Keeb Kwm ntawm Rostov State University thiab leej twg thaum lub sijhawm raug ntes lub nroog yog 25 xyoo, hauv kab lus "Cloudy Days", luam tawm xyoo 2006 hauv kev tshaj tawm "Donskoy Vremennik", rov hais dua: "Kuv tau mus rau hauv nroog thaum thawj hnub uas pom cov tub rog German nyob ntawm txoj kev. Tias peb yeej yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, Kuv tsis ntseeg txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm thib rau rau lub hlis thib ob.
Cov tuam tsev hlawv hauv plawv nroog, txoj kev uas muaj cov pob zeb tawg thiab tawg iav, cov tub rog tuag hauv kuv lub siab. Kuv nco txog Cossack tuag nyob ze lub khw tseem ceeb tam sim no, tsis deb ntawm nws tus nees tuag; tib neeg taug kev los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab rau qee qhov mob siab rau thiab hla dhau tus nees.
Kuj tseem muaj lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog tus tsav tsheb tuag hauv lub tsheb cab. Hlawv rau hauv kev nco ntawm German chav ua noj, uas cov neeg Lavxias teb sab tau siv. Thiab ib qho xwm txheej ntxiv ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm Bolshaya Sadovaya thiab Gazetny Lane: ib pawg tub ceev xwm German tau nres thiab cov neeg Yudais laus laus tuaj cuag lawv. Hauv German, nws tau nug ib tus ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, pom tau tias yog qib siab: puas muaj tseeb tias cov neeg German tua cov neeg Yudais. Nws teb rau qhov tsis zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg Yudais, khoov qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nthuav nws txhais tes rau nws. Hauv kev teb, tus tub ceev xwm tau muab cov neeg Yudais saib tsis taus, muab nws txhais tes tso tom qab nws nraub qaum thiab ua rau sab laug.
Peb tsis tas yuav pom cov cuab yeej siv tub rog ntawm cov neeg German. Peb tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov tsheb nees uas rub tau - cov tsheb thauj khoom ntoo nrog cov ntsia hlau, thiab cov nees ntawm kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj: loj loj, liab, nrog lub tsho dawb thiab ob txhais ceg. Kuv xav nrog kev khib: peb xav tau qhov no. Cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau hloov kho qhov loj thiab qhov siab thiab ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob, zoo li yog lawv tsis tau sib ntaus. Cov tsho loj ntawm daim ntaub ntsuab zoo li khov. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov neeg German lawv tus kheej, lawv tau ua aus Holz - "los ntawm ntoo", los ntawm qee yam khoom siv hluavtaws uas tsis ua kom sov thiab tsis haum rau peb qhov huab cua."
Thawj txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nroog tau kav yim hnub thiab poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li "lub lim tiam ntshav". SS cov txiv neej ntawm "Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler" faib tua thiab tsim txom ntau pua tus neeg pej xeem: cov neeg laus, poj niam, menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Proletarsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm 1st Sovetskaya Street, nyob ze lub tsev No. 2, muaj pawg neeg 90 lub cev tuag ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev no; ntawm kab 36th, ze rau qhov chaw tu menyuam ntsuag, 61 tus neeg raug tua; ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm txoj kab 40th thiab txoj kev Murlychev, Nazis tau qhib hluav taws ib zaug rau ib qho mov ci, tua 43 tus neeg: cov neeg laus, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus; ntawm Armenian toj ntxas, Nazis tua txog 200 tus neeg nyob hauv nroog nrog rab phom tshuab.
Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam ntawm Cov Tub Rog Yav Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob ze Rostov-on-Don txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 17 txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2, 1941, kev tsim thiab chav nyob ntawm 56th Army txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, peb pab pawg ua haujlwm tau tawm tsam thiab, koom tes nrog Novocherkassk pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 9th Army, tau raug tso dim thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 29 lub nroog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Southern Scientific Center ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig tau tham txog qhov tseeb tias lub nroog tau mus xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua phem phem. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau sau tseg hauv almanac "Kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg German fascist invaders."
"Peb, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Samogorsky, pab tub rog tub rog Pelipenko, kws kho mob tub rog qib 3 Barabash, tus thawj tub rog Belov, tus thawj coj Bragin thiab pab pawg Red Army cov txiv neej tau khaws lub cev tuag ntawm cov tub rog Commissar Volosov, raug tsim txom los ntawm cov neeg German fascists, nyob rau hauv tshav rog. Tsib tus neeg tuag. dag nyob ib puag ncig pab tub rog kuj tau pom. kev tsim txom thiab kev ua phem phem ntawm cov neeg Germans. Cov neeg dim ntawm lub nroog Rostov, uas tau tuag rau kev ua siab phem, tau raug faus los ntawm peb nrog kev ua tub rog, "hais ib qho ntawm kev ua ntawm almanac.
Hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, cov neeg German tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov tub rog thiab thaum kawg Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 29 tawm hauv lub nroog.
Cov tub rog uas dim Rostov-on-Don tau txais xov tooj cua tos txais los ntawm Supreme Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis 29: "Kuv zoo siab nrog koj ntawm kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab thiab kev tso tawm Rostov los ntawm Nazi kev txeeb chaw. generals Kharitonov thiab Remezov, uas tau txhawb nqa peb lub tebchaws Soviet zoo nkauj tshaj Rostov!"
Ntawm Rostov, Wehrmacht tau ntsib nws thawj qhov kev swb loj, thiab nws 1st Panzer Army tau tsav rov qab 70-80 km rau sab hnub poob. Kev Sib Tw Panzer Hnub Tim 14 thiab 16, 60 thiab Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler tau sib faib cov tsheb, thiab 49th Rifle Corps Corps tau swb lawm. Cov yeeb ncuab poob ntau dua 5,000 tus tub rog tua, kwv yees li 9,000 tus raug mob thiab raug cua daj cua dub, raug rhuav tshem thiab raug ntes raws li khoom plig 275 tso tsheb hlau luam, 359 phom, 4,400 lub tsheb ntawm ntau hom thiab lub hom phiaj, 80 lub dav hlau sib ntaus thiab ntau lwm yam cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab riam phom.
Raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Yav Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob thiab 56th Army, Rostov-on-Don tau raug tso dim, thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb lub tsheb thiab cov tsheb sib cais ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Baron von Kleist tau swb thiab thim rov qab 80-100 km, mus rau kab ntawm tus dej Mius. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Rostov, cov neeg tua rog thiab cov thawj coj ntawm Rostov cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg ua tub rog txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm 230 tus tub rog ntawm Lieutenant Colonel Pavel Demin, kev sib cais thiab cov tub rog ntawm 56th Army. Kev yeej ntawm Rostov yuav nyob hauv keeb kwm ua thawj qhov kev ua tiav ntawm Soviet pab tub rog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
