Yuav ua li cas pab tub rog Lavxias tau txawj ua riam phom Danish
Madsen lub teeb tshuab rab phom yog riam phom tshwj xeeb ntawm nws yam. Qhov no yog thawj qhov phom sij phom tshuab hauv keeb kwm. Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov riam phom nto moo tshaj plaws "mob ntev" - tau tsim tawm xyoo 1900, nws tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees hauv pab tub rog ntawm nws haiv neeg Denmark rau ntau dua ib nrab xyoo. Thiab, thaum kawg, riam phom no yog tus piv txwv meej ntawm debunking cov dab neeg ntawm Soviet propagandists thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab. Los ntawm lawv txoj kev mob siab rau, Russia kev koom tes hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg tau ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb, ob qho tib si hauv kev xav thiab thev naus laus zis: yog tias yog tub rog - tom qab ntawd tsuas yog siv rab phom Mosin, yog lub tshuab rab phom - tom qab ntawd tsuas yog nrog "Maxim", yog tus tub ceev xwm - tom qab ntawd nrog "Niag". Qhov tseeb, txhua yam nyuaj dua. "Madsen", tsim thiab tsim tawm hauv tebchaws Denmark, tau koom nrog yuav luag txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum tub rog uas cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm Bolsheviks xyoo 1918. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua tub rog nrog ob tus phoojywg thiab cov neeg tawm tsam Russia.
Tus tub ntawm tus kheej phom phom
Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm Madsen M1902 cov phom tshuab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum ntxov 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua tus kheej xaj lawv ib leeg me me los ntawm phau ntawv teev npe ntawm tuam txhab Danish DISA txog thaum nruab nrab xyoo 60s. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom tshuab tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv ib qho ntawm cov phom loj uas twb muaj lawm los ntawm 6, 5 txog 8-mm, suav nrog qhov tshiab 7.62 mm NATO (308 Winchester) lub sijhawm ntawd.
Xws li qhov ua tau zoo nyob ntev ntawm Madsen rab phom tshuab tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej. Lub tswv yim thiab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv riam phom no xav txog, tsis muaj kev ntseeg, lub peev xwm ntawm tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tus tsim Wilhelm Madsen: tus tub ceev xwm tub rog, tus lej lej, tus kws tshawb fawb ballistics, tus kws tsim khoom lag luam thiab tus kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws Denmark.
Xyoo 1890, ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Wilhelm Madsen thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Royal Arms Factory hauv Copenhagen, Julius Rasmussen, ua haujlwm pib ntawm kev tsim cov phom tshuab phom raws cov pab pawg ntawm Jens Schoubo (Skouba) tus kheej. -thauj phom ntev. Hauv cov txheej txheem, kuj tseem me me ntawm Shoubeau rab phom tus kheej lub tswv yim hauv lub tshuab rab phom tshiab. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom tau nce mus rau 9 kg, lub tshuab rab phom tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau lub tsho txias thiab lub bipods rau kev tua los ntawm nres.
Xyoo 1900 Dansk Rekyl Riffle Syndikat (DRRS) lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov khoom siv phom Madsen. Kev ua tiav ntxiv ntawm qhov riam phom no tau txiav txim siab ntau los ntawm kev teem sijhawm hauv 1901 ntawm Wilhelm Madsen ua Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Tsov Rog rau Denmark. Nrog nws lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm ua tus kws tsim khoom lag luam, Madsen pib txhawb nws rab phom tshuab mus rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Kev txiav txim loj rau kev tsim cov riam phom no tau muab tso rau ntawm DRRS cog los ntawm Danish cov tub rog chav haujlwm - lub tshuab rab phom dhau kev xeem tub rog, tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thiab tau txais lub npe "General Madsen lub tshuab rab phom".
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tsis ntev los no, Madsen tshuab rab phom tau muab tso rau Tebchaws Askiv, Russia, Tuam Tshoj, Holland, Portugal, Mexico, Finland, South Africa thiab ntau lub tebchaws hauv Asia thiab Latin America. Txawm tias niaj hnub no, nyob qhov twg hauv toj siab ntawm Bolivia lossis ntawm thaj chaw deb nyob hauv Mexico, koj tuaj yeem pom Madsen ua tib zoo roj, uas, qee zaum, yuav muab nws tus tswv nrog lub sijhawm los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej.
Cossack tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj
Rab phom rab phom Madsen ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau tsarist Russia. Hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb riam phom, koj tuaj yeem nyeem tau tias yog ib tus "lobbyists" rau rab phom tshuab no hauv Lavxias lub chaw haujlwm tub rog tau raug liam tias yog Tus Poj Niam Niam Maria Feodorovna, tus poj niam ntawm Alexander III, nee Princess Dagmara ntawm Denmark. Yog tias qhov no yog tiag tiag, tom qab ntawd Tus Thawj Tuav Haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua tsaug: Madsen tshuab rab phom, tsim los ntawm Danish tshuab los ntawm Danish txhais tes, yog qhov riam phom zoo heev, thiab thaum Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog Xyoo 1904-1905. ntawm lub hauv ntej tso cai cawm ntau tus neeg txoj sia ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo li cov ntawv uas Dagmara Danish tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog txoj hmoo ntawm Madsen tshuab rab phom yog, pom tseeb, ntau dua qhov raug. Thaum tig xyoo 1904, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tub Rog Lavxias, nrog txhua qhov nws xav tau, tsis tuaj yeem xaiv ib yam uas tsim nyog los ntawm lwm lub tshuab rab phom tshuab - tsis muaj cov khoom sib piv hauv cov txuj ci thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo rau Madsen nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv tebchaws Russia lossis txawv tebchaws.
General Wilhelm Hermann Olaf Madsen. Duab: Det Kongelige Bibliotics billedsamling
Hmo ua ntej ntawm kev ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj, Lavxias pab tub rog muaj tsawg tus 7, 62-mm Maxim rab phom tshuab. Qhov yooj yim thiab ntseeg tau ntawm "Maxim" tau siab dua txhua qhov kev qhuas, tab sis nws qhov hnyav sib ntaus ntawm lub tshuab (yam tsis muaj daim cartridges) ntau dua 65 kg, uas yog, nws yog qhov tseeb mus txog qhov hnyav ntawm lub teeb phom. Thiab nws tsis yooj yim los nqa qhov hnyav, clumsy "Maxim" nrog rau toj ntawm Manchuria.
Sim ua qee yam kom txo qis qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tshuab rab phom "phom" hauv Manchurian pab tub rog ua ntej kev cia siab ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj, Lavxias lub chaw haujlwm tub rog tau xaiv rau Madsen. Tus kws tshaj lij riam phom Lavxias nto moo S. L. Fedoseev hais txog cov ntaub ntawv hais tias thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1904, ntawm Cov Phiaj Xwm Sib Tw Loj nyob ze St. Petersburg, Madsen, tau txais los ntawm tus sawv cev ntawm DRRS cog hauv St. Petersburg, A. I. Paltova.
Hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom sim, rab phom tshuab Danish, muaj npe tom qab tus qauv Fab Kis - rab phom submachine, tau txais cov lus teb zoo heev. "Cov phom submachine muaj qhov tseeb zoo heev," cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Rifle tau taw qhia, "nws yog lub teeb, txawb, siv tau rau thaj av thiab, tib lub sijhawm, yog lub hom phiaj me me, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig pab tub rog."
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim ua rau lub Cuaj Hlis 28, 1904, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Tebchaws Russia tau kos npe thawj daim ntawv cog lus nrog DRRS rau kev muab 50 Madsen tshuab phom rau Lavxias teb sab welted 7.62-mm phom phom, nrog qhov pom tsim rau kev tua mus txog 1700 meters.
Tom qab ntawd, thaum swb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av nrog cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau teeb tsa kev rov txhim kho cov tub rog pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias Manchurian, lwm daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe-rau 200 lub tshuab rab phom. Madsen tau yuav nrog lub hnab ntim khoom, lub hnab ntim khoom thiab lub hnab ntim lub hnab. Tom qab ntawv los daim ntawv cog lus thib peb - twb tau rau 1000 phom tshuab.
Xyoo 1905, rab phom tshuab siv los ntawm DRRS cog tau muab faib los ntawm 35 pab pawg nees tshuab rab phom. Cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no muaj 27 tus tub rog, 40 tus nees, muaj ob lub tsheb loj loj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws cov cuab yeej siv rab phom muaj tsuas yog rau "Madsen".
Kev siv Madsen lub teeb tshuab phom ntawm Lavxias-Nyij Pooj pem hauv ntej hauv Manchuria ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem hauv cov tub rog.
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Manchurian Army, General N. P. Linevich (thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1905 nws tau hloov General AN Kuropatkin hauv cov ntawv no) xa xov mus rau Tus Thawj Tuav Haujlwm Loj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Tsov Rog: "Tshuab rab phom [Madsen] tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem hloov Maxim lub tshuab phom." Tus kws tshaj lij riam phom S. L. Hauv qhov no, Fedoseev sau tseg: "Cov phom submachine tau xub pom tias yog kev hloov pauv rau" rab phom tshuab "tiag tiag, thiab vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab hluav taws zoo ib yam thiab tsom mus rau qhov zoo, lawv ua rau muaj kev poob siab hauv chav nyob."
General Nikolai Linevich. Yees duab: D. Yanchevetsky - Ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Tuam Tshoj tsis txav chaw: phau ntawv teev npe ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm "New Land" ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Suav teb xyoo 1900
Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo ntawm kev siv rab phom tshuab hauv tebchaws Danish los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm 1st Siberian Infantry Corps. "Cov phom submachine (ntawm tus qauv Danish), - tshaj tawm Siberians, - raws li tsis muaj lub tshuab cuab yeej thiab lub tub yees (lub tsho txias uas tiv thaiv lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom los ntawm kev ua kom sov ntau dua - RP), ua rau tsis siv me me cov dej num. Thaum tua, lawv muab lub zog tsoo rau lub xub pwg, uas, nrog kev nce ntxiv, pom qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov raug ntawm kev tua, log cov neeg tua neeg thiab, tib lub sijhawm, teb rau kev tswj hluav taws."
Kev tshuaj xyuas ncaj ncees ntawm lub tshuab rab phom Danish los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hais txog kev muaj tiag pem hauv ntej txog ib yam nkaus li cov lus hais txog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ib tus tub rog txoj kev taug kev lub kaus mom kaus mom thiab rab diav rau khawb qhov profile tag nrho.
Lub tshuab rab phom lub teeb "Madsen" tau tsim, tau kawg, tsis yog txhawm rau tuav ntau hnub ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv lub ntsiav tshuaj (lub sijhawm tua hluav taws ntev). Nws rov qab los, tau kawg, ntau dhau rau kev rau txim, tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov qub tub rog, uas nws txoj kev kawm qis heev tsis tso cai rau nws nkag siab txawm tias pib tua pawg xws li "tsom kab" thiab "tua nrug".
Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd thaum Madsen tau siv raws li nws lub hom phiaj, ua lub teeb pom kev zoo, thauj tau zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv xov tooj, nws siv tau ua rau cov lus teb zoo siab tshaj plaws.
Lub tshuab rab phom Madsen tau nrov nyob hauv Cossack cov tub rog ntawm Manchurian pab tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Cossack kev tsim ntawm Caucasian pem hauv ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj ntawm 1914-1918. Cossacks tau txiav txim siab sai sai tawm tsam tiag tiag ntawm Madsen: lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab rab phom no los tsim kom muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom tua hluav taws zoo nyob hauv toj roob hauv pes thiab nrog txoj haujlwm zais cia siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus tua.
Nyob rau ntawm Lavxias-Nyij Pooj pem hauv ntej hauv Manchuria, muaj cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai thaum Cossacks, uas ib txwm tsis ua siab ntev "qiv" cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov pej xeem nyob ib puag ncig uas tsis yog Cossack, tau npaj qhov muag tiag ntawm lawv tus kheej rau txoj cai muaj rab phom Danish. Suav cov tais diav nyiaj, ntes cov ntaj samurai, cov khoom kim heev kaus ntxhw, cov luam yeeb zoo, cov neeg tshiab tau nyob hauv kev sib tham-tsuas yog los ua tus tswv zoo siab ntawm lub xeev Madsen tus tswv, tau faib, thaum kawg, rau ib puas ntawm lawv.
Madsen tshuab rab phom. Duab: Imperial War Museums
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Loj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Lavxias tau kos cov lus xaus uas raug los ntawm kev paub txog kev sib ntaus sib tua siv Madsen lub teeb tshuab rab phom thaum Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog. Thaum pib xyoo 1906, tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov xaus ntawm Portsmouth Kev Thaj Yeeb nrog Nyij Pooj, feem ntau ntawm Madsen tau raug rho tawm los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab tau faib rov qab mus rau thawj Cossack kev tsim ntawm Caucasian Military District. Tom qab ntawd, ib feem ntawm rab phom tshuab los ntawm qhov kawg, kev xa khoom thib peb los ntawm tebchaws Denmark tau pauv mus rau cov tub rog tub rog nyob hauv lwm lub nroog cov tub rog, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 6 kev sib ntaus thiab 1 kev qhia Madsen rau ib pab tub rog.
Txuas nyob rau hauv lub fortress
Xyoo 1910, lo lus nug ntawm kev siv phom tshuab zoo dua nyob hauv cov tub rog caij nees rov tshwm sim. Xyoo no, rab phom tshuab tshiab rau rab phom Maxim tsim los ntawm Sokolov tau txais los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias. Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm rab phom tshuab sai sai thiab thauj tag nrho cov kab ke, faib ua ob ntu, kwv yees tib yam hnyav, hauv pob ntawm tus nees. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau coj Tus Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm txhua lub tshuab rab phom muaj peev xwm ntawm pab tub rog raws li lub tshuab "Maxim".
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1911, 141 Cossack thiab cavalry cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tau ua tub rog nrog 874 Madsen lub teeb tshuab rab phom. Ib qho ntxiv, 156 rab phom tshuab tseem nyob hauv lub tsev khaws khoom, thiab 143 Madsen muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv. Los ntawm cov qauv ntawm xyoo pua nees nkaum xyoo, qhov no yog lub peev xwm tseem ceeb heev. Lub sijhawm uas tau dhau mus txij thaum Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog, cov tub rog muaj peev xwm txawj siv rab phom tshuab tshiab hauv qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to thiab tsim cov tswv yim siv rau nws. Lub teeb tshuab rab phom pib maj mam rov qab mus rau cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm cov tub rog, piv txwv li, 177th Izborsky, 189th Izmail, 196th Ingarsky thiab lwm tus.
Hauv cov xwm txheej no, txhawm rau txiav tawm "tsis nyob hauv lub xeev", piv txwv li muab rau hauv cov chaw khaws khoom, thiab ntau ntxiv yog li txhawm rau tsim qee qhov kev siv tshiab rau qhov kev cia siab rau riam phom yog, nws yuav zoo li, tsis muaj tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tub Rog Lavxias tau coj txoj hauv kev no.
Lawv tau txiav txim siab hloov Madsen cov twj submachine rau cov cuab yeej rov los ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm qhov pom, nws zoo li yuav luag vwm. Kev tiv thaiv cov chaw tiv thaiv yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tso phom tshuab hnyav - ntawm no cov lus nug tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag npog ntawm lub tshuab rab phom, lawv txav nrawm los ntawm ib txoj haujlwm sib ntaus mus rau lwm qhov, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev siv lub tshuab phom loj heev hauv kev tiv thaiv cov chaw tiv thaiv, nrog rau lwm yam kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev, zoo li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes, kev siv phom me me ntawm lub zog me me.
Kev xeem ntawm Madsen rab phom tshuab. Duab: Det Kongelige Bibliotics billedsamling
Tab sis qhov kev xaj kom hloov lub tshuab rab phom los ntawm cavalry mus rau lub fortress ua raws li ntawm 25 Lub Xya Hli 1912. Tshaj li peb lub hlis tom ntej, raws li txoj cai "Cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Madsen lub tshuab rab phom rau cov tub rog loj", 1127 Madsen tau raug xa mus rau 24 lub chaw tiv thaiv ntawm ntau lub nroog tub rog, ntxiv rau, lwm 18 lub tshuab phom tseem nyob hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv loj rau kev kawm cadets.
Riam phom ntawm Tsov Rog Loj
Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tau qhia txog kev ruam ntawm kev txiav txim siab yav dhau los. Tus kws paub zoo txog keeb kwm ntawm riam phom S. L. Fedoseev sau hauv nws qhov kev tshawb fawb: "Nrog rau kev pib ua tsov rog, cov tub rog pib xa ntau thiab ntau qhov kev thov siv phom tshuab [Madsen], uas tuaj yeem ua raws txhua qhov chaw hauv cov tub rog, ua haujlwm sai thiab qhib hluav taws. Rab phom submachine tsis tas yuav "dej nyab" cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm nrog hluav taws, lawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lub zog tua hluav taws, tib lub sijhawm txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov tua hauv cov saw thaum lub sijhawm ua phem, thiab "txuag" tua hauv pem hauv ntej trenches ntawm kev tiv thaiv."
Kev sau npe rau tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ob lub cavalry thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab rab phom tau raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus chaw ntawm lub hauv paus thiab mus rau Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj Plaws. General UA Manikovsky hauv nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb "Kev Sib Ntaus ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lavxias hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb" rov qab hais tias: "Sai li thawj lub suab nrov German tau hnov, cov tub rog caij nkoj, raws li lawv hais," nrog lawv txhais tes "tsoo lawv [Madsen tshuab phom] ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj Artillery."
Txawm hais tias siv zog rov qab "Madsen" mus rau cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, nws tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm phau ntawv siv riam phom tsis siv neeg. Twb tau ib xyoos tom qab pib ua tsov rog, thaum lub Yim Hli 1915, GAU tau tshaj tawm rau qhov kev thov ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Loj hais tias hauv cov tub rog lub tsev khaws khoom "Madsen lub tshuab rab phom tam sim no tsis muaj hlo li."
Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab tau tshaj tawm tias thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1916, muaj tsawg dua Madsen lub teeb tshuab rab phom hauv pab tub rog Lavxias: Sab Qaum Pem Hauv Ntej muaj 191, Sab Hnub Poob - 157, Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob - 332 rab phom tshuab. Cov kev pabcuam ntawm txhua qhov chaw tau thov sai sai rau kev faib ntawm Madsen, tab sis GAU tsis muaj lub cev muaj lawv - txhua yam riam phom nquag ntawm hom no tau txais los ntawm kev xaj los ntawm lub sijhawm Tsov Rog -Japanese Tsov Rog.
Thaum pib xyoo 1916, lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Lub Hauv Paus tau hais tias txhua tus Madsenes hauv pab tub rog tau ua tiav lawv cov peev txheej thev naus laus zis. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim kho qhov tsim khoom seem sai rau lawv, tab sis vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm Madsen tsim thiab qhov xav tau siab ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov seem, nws tsis muaj peev xwm los npaj qhov no ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev.
Sim ua caj npab dav hlau
Tsuas yog xyoo tas los ua ntej tsov rog hauv tebchaws Russia pib tshawb fawb ntau lossis tsawg dua ntawm kev siv riam phom tsis siv neeg los ntawm dav hlau. Xyoo 1913, ib qho kev sim tshiab biplane tau sim los ntawm I. I. Sikorsky, uas Madsen tshuab rab phom tau teeb tsa hauv ntu nruab nrab ntawm lub console sab saud.
Hauv cov xwm txheej hauv ntej, kev siv "Madsen" hauv kev ya dav hlau tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Ntawm qhov one tes, lub tshuab rab phom no tau yooj yim rau kev tua ib tus kws tsav dav hlau nrog lub turret tshwj xeeb, vim nws tso cai rau nqa ib txhais tes rov qab. Lub chaw haujlwm dav hlau ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj, hauv nws cov lus pom zoo rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, qhia hauv qhov no hais tias "cov riam phom yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev tua los ntawm dav hlau yuav yog Madsen tshuab rab phom tshuab."
Ntawm qhov tod tes, Madsen qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws - txog 200 ncig ib feeb - hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua luv luv tsis tau tso siab rau tsoo lub dav hlau yeeb ncuab txawm tias thaum nkag mus rau qhov kev sib ntaus zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov yooj yim pom tseeb ntawm kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm Madsen tshuab rab phom thaum teeb tsa hauv dav hlau tsis tawm hauv chav hauv dav hlau rau nws cov neeg sib tw, tshwj tsis yog lub tshuab rab phom me me ntawm I. Lewis system. Lub tuam txhab kev tsav dav hlau ntawm GUGSH hauv nws daim ntawv thov rau GAU tau sau tseg: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nws yog qhov xav tau sai kom tau txais tsawg kawg 400 rab phom tshuab. Ntawm cov kab ke sim, Lewis cov phom phom tau ua pov thawj tias tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj no, thiab Madsen cov phom submachine yog qhov tsim nyog.
Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Zaum Kawg, Madsens tau teeb tsa ntawm Moran-J cov neeg tua rog, ntawm Farman-XXII ob-tus neeg saib xyuas lub dav hlau, thiab tseem nyob hauv Ilya Muromets lub foob pob hnyav.
Dav hlau "Ilya Muromets", 1914. Duab: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
Kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb yog kev siv "Madsen" nrog "Ilya Muromets", uas tau siv ob peb lub phom phom tshuab ib zaug. Qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg ntawm Ilya Muromets ntawm E series tuaj yeem ua tub rog nrog yim rab phom tshuab ib zaug, ntawm qhov peb, raws li tus yam ntxwv tsim ntawm lub dav hlau, yuav tsum yog Madsen.
Petrograd Cartridge Plant, hauv kev sim ua kom hluav taws ntawm lub tshuab rab phom los ntawm dav hlau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, pib thaum pib xyoo 1917 kev tsim tshwj xeeb "dav hlau" phom phom loj ntawm 7, 62R. Cov kab ntawv no tau nruab nrog cov phom ntev uas hnyav txog 11 g, uas tau ntim nrog qhov tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov ntsev berthollet thiab tetrile.
Tsim cov yam ntxwv "Madsen"
Muaj qhov kev tso dag ntawm cov neeg tua phom tshuab uas tau ua haujlwm rau Madsen lub tshuab rab phom - qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub kaw lus tsis yog tias nws ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis nws ua haujlwm txhua. Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom qhov nyuaj ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm daim cartridge pub mis los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm mus rau lub thoob, nrog rau qhov xav tau los ua ke ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntu thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ntawm lub kaw lus no.
Lub tshuab rab phom tsis siv neeg "Madsen" yog ua raws li kev siv lub zog ntawm qhov rov qab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nrog lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub thoob nrog kev siv ntsia liaj qhov rooj ua viav vias nyob hauv lub dav hlau ntsug ntawm cov duab zoo.
Thawj qhov tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom tshuab, raws li cov kws tshaj lij hais, yog chav ntsuas phoo. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj, qhov hnyav, muaj zog ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg xauv ntawm lub thoob nrog lub cartridge xa mus rau nws. Tom qab tua, lub thoob nrog cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj txuas rau nws pib rov qab los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub zog rov qab kom txog thaum pom qhov zawj ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj ua rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj kom nce nrawm dua, qhib lub breech ntawm lub thoob. Lub sijhawm no, tus kws tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas siv los ntawm lub thoob, uas poob los ntawm lub qhov rais hauv qab ntawm tus txais.
Tsim cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom tshuab Madsen
Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab mob stroke ntawm lub thoob, raws li qhov ua ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los, daim cartridge tom ntej tau pub los ntawm lub khw los ntawm lub tshuab txiav tig. Tom qab ntawd daim cartridge tau khaws thiab pub rau pem hauv ntej nrog tus lej tshwj xeeb ua viav vias nyob hauv lub dav hlau ntsug, tsau rau ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voos, cov duab puab yuam kom cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub qub, yog li xauv lub thoob.
Madsen lub thoob tau txias los ntawm huab cua. Lub thoob muaj kab tav tav hla nws tag nrho qhov ntev thiab tau npog nrog qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv-txias lub tog raj kheej, uas, nrog rau qhov offset mus rau sab xis, pom ua ntej thiab pom qhov muag tau txuas nrog. Ib lub thawv ntawv uas tshem tau tau raug teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab rab phom los saum toj no nrog rau qhov offset mus rau sab laug thiab tau kho nrog lub latch nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Lub khw muaj 25 qhov hloov pauv, uas muab cov kws tshaj lij tua hluav taws nrog lub peev xwm tua hluav taws 5-6 zaug tawg.
Lub tshuab rab phom muaj lub taub hau ntoo uas muaj zog, nrog rab yaj phom caj dab nthuav tawm thiab cov ntaub qhwv lub xub pwg hlau. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg tua phom thiab cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis txav txav ntawm lub nra, npaj tau-rau-rab phom tshuab tau muab los ntawm tus chij, lub fuse uas ntseeg tau heev uas thaiv qhov ua rau.
Pros thiab cons ntawm "Devil's balalaika"
"Dab ntxwg nyoog lub balalaika", zoo li rab phom tshuab "Madsen" qee zaum hu ua kev thab plaub hauv cov tub rog Lavxias, txawm hais tias nws yog keeb kwm Danish, yog lub tswv yim zoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv riam phom German. Lub tswv yim xav tau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau hais tias tau tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo, thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ruaj khov uas muaj peev xwm muab kev tua raug ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws rau hom phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv riam phom tsis raug tswj.
Kev nyuaj dhau ntawm qhov tsim, yog tias qee zaum nws tshwm sim, tau kov yeej los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis siab nrog txhob txwm ua kom raug, ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kheej. Hauv tebchaws Denmark, nrog rau hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, nws tsis xav txog kev tsim khoom, piv txwv li, rab phom me me nrog rau kev thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis uas txawv ntawm rab phom Mosin. Raws li, hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nws tsis xav txog los npaj tsim cov khoom siv riam phom zoo li Madsen tshuab rab phom.
Danish "Madsen" rau 8-mm wafer-type cartridge Mauser tau siv thev naus laus zis siab heev rau nws lub sijhawm, cov khoom lag luam zoo heev, nrog ntau qhov nyuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lub tshuab txiav milling. Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm Madsen yog 98. Rau kev sib piv, tag nrho cov seem hauv Fedorov phom ntev, uas nyob deb ntawm txheej thaum ub hais txog kev tsim riam phom thev naus laus zis, tsuas yog 64.
Ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv lub tshuab rab phom Danish los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau pem hauv ntej Lavxias. Cov neeg pluag nag hmo, uas ua tiav peb chav kawm ntawm pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg nrog kev txhaum nyob rau ib nrab thiab tam sim ntawd tsis nco qab txawm tias "kev tshawb fawb" no, tsis tau npaj txhij tsis yog rau kev kho xwb, tabsis tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm Madsen. Lub tshuab rab phom no tsis tuaj yeem kho lossis "ua" los ua haujlwm nrog siv lub mos txwv mos txwv thiab lub tsheb nqaj hlau tsheb ciav hlau uas tau tig rau hauv qab ntawm caj npab, zoo li lub thoob ntawm rab phom Mosin tau qee zaum nrawm "kho" ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej. "Madsen" tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub tsheb roj av roj lossis khau roj hmab siv roj phom, uas "Maxim" tsis zam txim rau cov tub rog Lavxias.
Tsev kawm ntawv tua neeg siab dua. Yees duab: Central State Archive of Film and Photo Documents of St. Petersburg
"Madsen" xav tau txhais tes ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, kawm paub zoo tshuab rab phom, thiab thaum tsis muaj qhov zoo li no - muaj lub khoos phis tawj kho lub hauv paus ze ntawm lub qhov taub. Ob leeg tsis txaus nyob hauv pab tub rog Lavxias thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg. Txwv tsis pub, nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis zoo tshaj plaws, lub tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv "damal balalaika".
Tua "Madsen" Danish kev tsim khoom zoo heev. Tus nqi hluav taws tsawg thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom no (9 kg) muaj lawv qhov txiaj ntsig zoo - "Madsen" muab qhov ntsuas ntev kom raug hauv qhov tawg me me. Nws qhov kev ntseeg tau thaum tua cov neeg ib txwm tsis muaj flangeless cartridges kuj tseem zoo tshaj txhua qhov qhuas. Ib rooj plaub uas ntseeg tau yog paub thaum 9600 phom ntawm cov mos txwv raug rho tawm los ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam Madsen thaum raug sim hauv tebchaws Askiv - thiab rab phom tshuab tsis tau muab ncua ib zaug lossis tawg.
Qhov "Achilles pob taws" ntawm Lavxias "Madsen", ua rau Lavxias 7, 62-mm welted (flanged) daim cartridge, yog qee zaus ua raws cov cartridges hauv cov txheej txheem kaw. Cov yam ntxwv no tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tau them nyiaj rov qab rau kev siv lub tshuab luam ntawv uas siv ntev dhau los. Cov Danes, tau txais kev xaj rau lawv cov phom phom chambered rau Lavxias daim cartridge, tau ua tib zoo xav "kho" Madsen cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev zom zom ntawm lub tes tsho. Tab sis nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav "kho" lub tshuab rab phom - feem ntau yog vim muaj kev zam loj hauv kev tsim cov thawv ntim khoom ntawm Lavxias cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, lub npe pem hauv ntej tau sawv - "dab ntxwg nyoog balalaika".
