Kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv tub rog. Cov lus no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog superweapons, tso tsheb hlau luam laser, tsim software tshiab, txawj ntse txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev lag luam tub rog tab tom tos kom muaj kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsawg dua - hauv kev ua tub rog. Cov tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tab tom taug txoj hauv kev los qhia kev hnav khaub ncaws tub rog tshiab.
Nws tau kwv yees tias daim ntawv "ntse" yuav pib tshwm rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws nyob rau 7-10 xyoo tom ntej. Tam sim no, ntau lub tebchaws tau koom nrog kev txhim kho Hi-Tech-ntaub thiab khaub ncaws raws nws.
Raws li txoj cai "ntse" ntaub tuaj yeem faib ua ob peb hom:
1. Passive. Hauv qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog sau thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ua tom ntej rau tus neeg siv.
2. Ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, HiTech ntaub tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj ua rau, ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj ntiag tug, uas muab lub teeb liab los ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li tau hais tseg.
3. Sib tham sib. Cov ntaub ntse tsis tsuas yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj ua rau thiab yoog raws li kev hloov pauv sab nraud. Tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev thiab cov phaj tiv thaiv tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis no yuav tuaj yeem rov ua lawv cov yam ntxwv muaj zog thaum sib ntaus. Los yog cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws yuav ua rau tawv, tsim, piv txwv li, lub ntsej muag ua rau lub pob txha tawg.
Muaj ntau qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntse
Ob peb qhov kev xav tau loj tau ua los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm tiam neeg tshiab. Piv txwv li, ntawm ib sab, nws yuav "ua pa", tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tau tsim los tiv thaiv kev phom sij xws li kab mob thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Vim li cas rau cov cai no?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tiv thaiv kab mob biochemical niaj hnub yog daim ntawv tsis yooj yim heev rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv yog cov loj thiab hermetically kaw. Lub cev ntawm ib tug tub rog tawm hws ntau vim qhov tom kawg. Cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam kuj tseem tsis yooj yim. Kub dhau, qaug zog … Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv lub tsho no tau txo qis vim yog cov tub rog qaug zog, lawv cuam tshuam rau kev tsis yooj yim niaj hnub.
Kev daws teeb meem no yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas "nqus": nws tso cai rau huab cua hla mus thiab, tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau cov dej ua pa kom dim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hws, lub tshuab txias tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tuaj yeem nqus tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab yuav tsum thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Thiab qhov no yog qhov uas hu ua thev naus laus zis los ua si. "Daim tawv nqaij thib ob". Tab sis cov thev naus laus zis no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv nws daim ntawv niaj hnub no. Peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub raws cov pa roj carbon nanotubes.
Dav - tsawg dua 5 nanometers
Cov pa roj carbon yog ib qho ntawm kev nrhiav tom qab thiab paub zoo "cov khoom siv tsev" hauv tshuaj lom neeg. Tshwj xeeb, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg organic feem ntau yog ua raws kev siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb no ntawm cov lus teev tseg.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ua cov kav dej, sau Anne M. Stark ntawm Livermore National Laboratory. Lawrence (University of Berkeley, Asmeskas), cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim cov ntaub nrog daim nyias nyias uas suav nrog carbon nanotubes.
Nanotubes yog tsib txhiab lub sijhawm me dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau. Lawv muab txoj hauv kev los ntawm huab cua thiab dej ua pa tuaj yeem hla tau, tab sis kuj tseem thaiv cov kab mob lom neeg.
- hais tias Stark: nws cov lus tau hais los ntawm news.com.ua.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsav dav hlau thiab kev nyab xeeb thoob ntiaj teb (piv txwv li, Northrop Grumman) tau nquag txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj chaw no nrog rau kev kawm thiab tsoomfwv lub chaw sim tshuaj.
Kev siv cov pa roj nanotubes tsis txwv rau kev siv tshuab tawv nqaij thib ob; cov neeg tsim khoom pom lawv txoj kev siv dav hauv lwm qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau yooj yim, cov khoom siv dav hlau ya dav hlau, thiab tseem muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv tsev.
Cov pa roj carbon ntev tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntev tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb; lawv tau tswj kom tau txais thawj nanotubes tiag tiag hauv xyoo 1991. Tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov pa roj carbon atoms, nrog kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tsim nyog, cov raj tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus rau cov khoom siv uas nws qhov pores tsuas yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus kheej atoms.
Txawm tias cov kab mob loj heev dhau mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, huab cua thiab dej ua kom dhau mus ywj pheej uas cov ntaub "nqus" zoo dua li cov ntaub lag luam nrov xws li Gore-Tex.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev cog lus ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem hla dhau los ntawm nanotube. Kev daws teeb meem yog ua kom nanotubes ntse los ntawm kev ua rau lawv nrog pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm cov molecules uas ua tus saib xyuas lub qhov rooj txhawm rau thaiv kev hem thawj. Raws li Livermore pab pawg thawj coj Quang Jen Woo, ntaub : yog li lub npe tau hais los saum no.
Yog li, cov ntaub so ntswg yuav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov roj mustard, cov hlab ntshav GD thiab VX, cov tshuaj lom xws li staphylococcal enterotoxin, thiab cov kab mob lom xws li anthrax.
- hais txog Jen Woo.
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws tau tsim los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm Asmeskas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ruaj Ntseg. Pentagon tshaj tawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntse tshiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2016: cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov no tau luam tawm los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Network portal.
Kev siv nanotubes kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj kev xav. Tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog yav tom ntej cuam tshuam tias cov khoom siv hloov pauv tau yooj yim yuav raug tsim rau hauv cov khaub ncaws, uas kuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm tiag. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom nrhiav rau txoj hauv kev los ua kom pom qhov kev cia siab rau kev sib ntaus los ntawm kev koom nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khaub ncaws. Tshwj xeeb, lawv txaus siab rau kev muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov xov hlau thiab muab ob qho kev xa xov ceev thiab lub zog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov raj Nanocarbon yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsis yog tsom mus rau lawv nkaus xwb.
John Ho, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm National University of Singapore (NUS) thiab NUS Engineering, tham nrog Futurity txog yuav ua li cas nws pab pawg tswj hwm los tsim cov ntaub ntse uas tuaj yeem siv ua lub cim qhia rau ntau yam hnav. cov cuab yeej tib lub sijhawm. Kab lus tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 29 xyoo no.
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv feem ntau siv Bluetooth thiab Wi-nkaus rau kev sib txuas lus wireless. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thev naus laus zis no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sai, uas tsis tuaj yeem lees paub rau cov tub rog ntawm kev tawm tsam. Tsoomfwv Meskas Cov Tub Rog tau suav tias tus nqi them lub roj teeb tuaj yeem ntau dua tus nqi ntawm cov mos txwv me me, raws li cov tub rog nyiam hloov lub roj teeb nrog cov tshiab tshiab ntawm lub luag haujlwm.
Metamaterials
Txhawm rau tsim cov ntaub Hi-Tech tshiab hauv Singapore, thiaj li hu ua metamaterials tau siv. Artificially tsim thiab muaj qhov ntsuas tsis pom kev tsis zoo, lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob, sib nqus, kho qhov muag thiab lwm yam khoom.
Metamaterials muaj peev xwm tsim tau hu ua."Cov nthwv dej", uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv xa nrog lub zog ntawm 1000 zaug tsawg dua li cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no. Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab no tsis yooj yim rau nyiag - cov ntaub ntawv "taug kev" 10 cm los ntawm lub cev - hauv Bluetooth thiab Wi -nkaus nws tuaj yeem "ya tawm" mus rau qhov deb ntawm kaum tawm meters.
Cov khaub ncaws ntse tsim tau ruaj khov heev. Nws tuaj yeem quav thiab khoov nrog qhov poob tsawg hauv lub zog teeb liab, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txiav lossis tawg yam tsis txwv kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm wireless. Cov khaub ncaws tseem tuaj yeem ntxuav, qhuav thiab ironed tib yam li cov khaub ncaws ib txwm muaj.
Xws li daim ntawv ntse tuaj yeem siv tau los tshuaj xyuas kev ua tau zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg tua rog, txo qib suab hauv lub mloog pob ntseg, thiab luam tawm cov lus. Ib daim ntawv patent twb tau sau npe rau nws, thiab cov qauv ntaub tau tsim.
Qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog qhov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Lub tshuab laser siv rau kev txiav thiab xaws. Thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nws tus kheej, cov hlua uas tau txuas los ntawm sab hauv mus rau qhov sib xws los ntawm cov ntaub nplaum, yog pheej yig. Nws raug nqi ntau txog ob peb daus las hauv ib lub 'meter' thiab tuaj yeem muab nkag rau hauv yob rau kev siv ua haujlwm.
Cov pa roj carbon uas tau hais los yav dhau los muaj lwm daim ntawv paub: graphene. Yog tias nanotubes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub moj khaum, tom qab ntawd graphene tiaj tus. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms sib sau ua lub lattice. Rau nws qhib, cov kawm tiav ntawm Lavxias tebchaws tsev kawm ntawv Andrei Geim thiab Konstantin Novoselov tau txais khoom plig Nobel. Siv cov graphene, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm RMIT University hauv Melbourne, Australia tau muaj peev xwm txhim kho tus nqi tsim nyog thiab ua raws txoj hauv kev kom sai sai ua cov ntawv uas suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub tsis muaj dej tsis zoo yuav tau luam tawm laser thiab ua hauv feeb. Nov yog lub neej yav tom ntej uas cov kws tshawb fawb pom tom qab thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev tsim hluav taws xob textiles sawv cev. Twb tau nyob rau theem sim, hauv peb feeb, txoj hauv kev tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntse ntse ntsuas 10x10 cm.
Laser tsis txhob siv ib tug kws xaws khaub ncaws
Cov thev naus laus zis tso cai siv laser luam ntawv los siv graphene supercapacitors ncaj qha rau cov khoom lag luam. Lawv yog cov roj teeb muaj zog thiab ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem ua ke tau yooj yim nrog hnub ci lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yav tom ntej, txoj hauv kev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntse hauv cov yob.
Dr. Litty Tekkakara, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm RMIT Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, hais txog tias cov ntawv ntse nrog cov thev naus laus zis ua kom pom tseeb, kev sib txuas lus wireless lossis kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv xav tau kev daws teeb meem muaj zog thiab ntseeg tau.
Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub no rau kev txuag hluav taws xob ntse hauv kev lag luam textile, xws li txuas roj teeb rau hauv khaub ncaws lossis siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem nyuaj thiab nyuaj, thiab muaj teeb meem kev ua haujlwm.
- tawm tswv yim txog Tekkakar qhov xwm txheej rau Science Daily magazine thaum kawg ntawm lub Yim Hli xyoo no.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tseem tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv thiab cov khoom siv puas tsuaj thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog hws lossis ya raws los ntawm ib puag ncig. Peb cov graphene-based supercapacitor tsis yog tsuas yog ntxhua tau, nws tuaj yeem khaws lub zog xav tau los ua kom lub zog ntse ntse, thiab tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntau hauv ob peb feeb.
Los ntawm kev hais daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev khaws cia lub zog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, peb vam tias yuav tsim lub cim tshiab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hnav thiab Hi-Tech cov khaub ncaws.
Tam sim no, nrog kev pab ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov khoom siv no tau qhia txog kev tiv taus rau ntau yam kub thiab ntxuav, nws cov khoom nyob ruaj khov.
Lub tswv yim tau nthuav tawm los ntawm pej xeem txij li thaum xyoo 2000s
Kev sim daim ntawv "ntse" tau pib ntev dhau los lawm. Lub tswv yim rau nws siv tau luam tawm xyoo 2005, thiab thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 2012, Surrey-based Intelligent Textiles tau pom daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim tuav los ntawm Lub Chaw rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Lag Luam (CDE). Lub tuam txhab tau patented tus lej ntawm cov txheej txheem rau xaws cov ntaub ua kom yooj yim. Cov ntaub hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab cov khaub ncaws hnav nrog ib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog thiab kev xa tawm, tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj thiab cov xov hlau.
Lub kaw lus tso cai cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog xa mus txawm tias cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm, uas txawv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas siv cov xov hluav taws xob.
Peb muaj cov ntaub qhwv hauv lub tsho khuam, lub tsho, lub kaus mom hlau, hnab ev khoom thiab hnab looj tes riam phom. Qhov no tso cai rau peb los tsim lub network uas hloov pauv lub zog thiab cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw peb xav tau.
Asha Thompson, tus thawj coj ntawm Intelligent Textiles, hais rau BBC Xov Xwm.
Tom qab ntawd lub tuam txhab tau txais kwv yees li 240,000 phaus txhawm rau txhim kho thev naus laus zis ntxiv. Lub tuam txhab tseem tab tom tsim cov ntaub npuag rau siv nrog lub khoos phis tawj, uas tau npaj los ua ke nrog cov khaub ncaws.
Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov ntaub ntse tau nce zuj zus
Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam Yav Tom Ntej, kwv yees qhov kev lag luam no txog 2023, sau tseg tias kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov ntaub ntse rau kev siv tub rog yuav tshaj $ 1.7 nphom cim los ntawm hnub ntawd.
Raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam, Tebchaws Meskas tabtom ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm cov lus no, tabsis cov tebchaws Asian, xws li Is Nrias teb thiab Tuam Tshoj, tau npaj los nqis peev hauv txoj haujlwm no.
Russia tab tom txhim kho nws tus kheej
Russia kuj tseem tsis tau npaj sawv ib sab. Zvezda TV channel tshaj tawm txog kev siv cov ntaub ntse hauv cov txheej txheem cog lus rau Lavxias "tub rog yav tom ntej" "Ratnik-2". Tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv siv cov ntaub aramid impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg los ntawm JSC "Kamenskvolokno". Lub TV TV "Zvezda" tau tham txog qhov no hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hnav khaub ncaws tshiab.
Xyoo 2018, Rostec nthuav tawm cov khoom chameleon, thiab xyoo 2019 - nws cov kho dua tshiab. Cov ntaub no muaj peev xwm ua raws tus qauv toj roob hauv pes - cov khoom siv no tau siv los npog lub "Warrior's" lub kaus mom hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus neeg tua hluav taws lossis lub tsheb kom zoo, cov khoom siv tsuas xav tau ob peb watts ntawm hluav taws xob. Cov kws tsim txuj ci los ntawm Technomash Tshawb Fawb thiab Txhim Kho Lub Koom Haum yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho.
Txog rau Arctic, Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (FPI) tau tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm khaws cia cua sov thaum siv lub cev thiab tom qab ntawd tso nws rov qab. Hais txog qhov khaws cia lub zog khaws tseg, cov ntaub no muaj peev xwm 3-5 zaug tshaj li cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov nyiaj, Andrei Grigoriev, hauv kev hais lus rau TASS thaum Lub Xya Hli 9, 2019. Cov ntaub tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov fiber ntau ultrafine siv electrospinning.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntse zoo ib yam li cov tau piav qhia thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm: lawv tso cai rau huab cua thiab dej ua kom dhau mus, tab sis khaws cov tshuaj aerosol. FPI tshaj tawm tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntaub tau ua tiav ua ke nrog Saratov State University.
