75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1945, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau swb. Txoj cai ntawm kev tsis lees paub ntawm Peb Qhov Reich tau kos npe hauv Berlin thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 8 thaum 22:43 CET, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9 ntawm 0:43 Lub sijhawm Moscow.
Reich zwm rau Reims
Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Berlin, kev puas tsuaj ntawm Berlin pawg Wehrmacht los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Zhukov, Konev thiab Rokossovsky, cov tub rog German-nom tswv cov neeg tseem tab tom sim ua haujlwm. Hitler tus ua tiav, Grand Admiral Dönitz, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog cov lus txib ntawm Askiv thiab Asmeskas cov tub rog rau kev tsis kam lees ib leeg nyob rau sab hnub poob, thiab nrhiav kom thim ntau qhov kev sib cais German nyob ntawd.
Lub tswv yim no muaj txoj hauv kev ua tiav. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov phoojywg, coj los ntawm W. Churchill, tau ua haujlwm txoj haujlwm npaj rau kev pib ua tsov rog ntiaj teb thib peb: Askiv, Asmeskas thiab ntau lub zog ntxiv rau Russia (Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Txaus Siab). London xav kom "tshem tawm" cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj, suav nrog Czechoslovakia, Austria thiab Poland. Yog li ntawd, kev sib cais ntawm German uas tseem tshuav thiab kev ua tub rog-kev tsim peev txheej ntawm Reich tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Anglo-American cov lus txib siab. Cov neeg German yuav dhau los ua tus coj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias, thaum cov neeg Askiv thiab Asmeskas yuav nyob twj ywm hauv ob lub tebchaws.
Ua ntej qhov kev lees paub dav dav ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, muaj kev tso tawm ib nrab ntawm Wehrmacht loj tsim. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis-Plaub Hlis 1945, Cov Neeg Askiv thiab Asmeskas tau sib tham nrog cov neeg German hauv Switzerland rau kev tso cai ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1945, txoj cai ntawm kev swb ntawm Pawg Pab Pawg C tau kos npe hauv Caserta los ntawm nws tus thawj coj, Colonel-General G. Fitingof-Scheel. Yav dhau los, Hitler tau tswj hwm tag nrho cov tub rog ntawm Reich nyob rau yav qab teb Europe mus rau Kesselring. Kesselring tsis kam lees, tso Fittinghof thiab nws tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, General Röttiger, los ntawm chaw ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog hauv Pab Pawg C, tus thawj coj ntawm Luftwaffe von Pohl thiab tus thawj coj ntawm SS cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Hma, tau hais kom lawv pab tub rog tsum tsis txhob ua phem thiab swb. Kesselring tau xaj kom ntes cov thawj coj. Tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj nws tus kheej ua xyem xyav, yog li qhov teeb meem tsis tuaj rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German. Thaum cov xov xwm ntawm Hitler tua tus kheej, Kesselring xaus nws qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2, Cov tub rog German hauv tebchaws Ltalis tau swb lawm.
Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 2, 1945, cov seem ntawm cov tub rog German, coj los ntawm General Weidling, tau tso tseg. Tib hnub ntawd hauv Flensburg, Admiral Dönitz tau muaj kev sib tham ntawm tsoomfwv German tshiab. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv rooj sib tham tau txiav txim siab tsom mus rau lawv txoj kev pab cawm neeg German ntau li sai tau thiab thim lawv mus rau Sab Hnub Poob txhawm rau txhawm rau ua rau cov neeg Askiv thiab Asmeskas. Nws nyuaj rau ua tiav qhov kev lees paub dav dav nyob rau sab hnub poob vim yog kev pom zoo ntawm cov phooj ywg nrog USSR, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev tso tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviets txuas ntxiv.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 4, 1945, tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm German fleet, Admiral Hans-Georg Friedeburg, tau kos npe rau txoj kev tso tseg ntawm txhua tus tub rog German nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob (Holland, Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein thiab Northwest Germany) hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Field Marshal B's 21st Army Group Montgomery. Qhov kev pom zoo txuas ntxiv mus rau cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub lag luam ua lag luam tawm tsam Askiv thiab tawm hauv cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov hauv paus. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, qhov kev lees paub tau siv. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 5, General Friedrich Schultz, tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg G, ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees, ua rau cov neeg Asmeskas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog plaub pab pawg loj ntawm Wehrmacht tseem nyob, uas tsis tso lawv caj npab. Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "Chaw" Scherner, Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "Sab Qab Teb" Rendulich, pab tub rog nyob rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj (Balkans), Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "E" A. Ler thiab Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "Courland" los ntawm Hilpert. Lawv txhua tus tseem tawm tsam cov tub rog Lavxias. Kuj tseem muaj cais cov tub ceev xwm thiab pab pawg yeeb ncuab ntawm Baltic Spit, hauv thaj tsam Danzig, hauv Norway, ntawm cov kob hauv Mediterranean (Crete, thiab lwm yam), thiab lwm yam.
Admiral Friedeburg, sawv cev rau Dönitz, tuaj txog hauv Reims, ntawm Eisenhower lub hauv paus chaw thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm Wehrmacht qhov kev swb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lus txib ntawm cov phooj ywg tau raug hu mus rau lub hauv paus chaw ntawm High Command ntawm Allied Forces: cov tswv cuab ntawm Soviet lub luag haujlwm, General Susloparov thiab Colonel Zenkovich, thiab tseem yog tus sawv cev ntawm Fabkis, General Sevez. Friedeburg tau muab Eisenhower tus neeg sawv cev, General Smith, kom tso cov tub rog German uas seem nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob. Eisenhower tau xa mus rau German sab uas tsuas yog kev tso cai dav dav tuaj yeem ua tau, suav nrog kev tsim nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj yuav tsum nyob hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Dönitz txiav txim siab tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem lees txais thiab xa Jodl, tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm, rau kev sib tham ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov lus pom zoo.
Raws li qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua kom puas tsuaj tag nrho, cov neeg German tau pom zoo rau kev tso cai dav dav. Lawv tau kos npe rau kev yoo mov thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7 thiab nyob rau hnub tim 8 lawv yuav tsum xaus kev tawm tsam. Txoj cai ntawm kev lees paub yam tsis tau lees paub tau kos npe rau lub Tsib Hlis 7 thaum 02:41 CET. Los ntawm German sab nws tau kos npe los ntawm A. Jodl, los ntawm Anglo -American hais kom ua - tus thawj coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm Allied Expeditionary Forces W. Smith, los ntawm USSR - tus sawv cev ntawm General Lub Hauv Paus nrog rau cov phoojywg, Major General I. Susloparov, los ntawm Fab Kis - F. Sevez. Tom qab daim ntawv tau kos npe, tus neeg sawv cev Soviet tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm Moscow txwv tsis pub kos npe rau ntawm kev swb.
Zam txim ntawm Karlshorst
Dönitz thiab Keitel qhia kev tsim ntawm Kesselring, Scherner, Rendulich thiab Lehr kom thim ntau qhov kev sib cais kom sai li sai tau rau sab hnub poob, yog tias tsim nyog, tsoo los ntawm Lavxias txoj haujlwm, nres kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Anglo-American pab tub rog thiab tso rau lawv. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 7, ntawm xov tooj cua los ntawm Flensburg, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Saib Xyuas Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws ntawm Reich tsoomfwv, Suav Schwerin von Krosig, ceeb toom rau cov neeg German ntawm kev swb.
Ntawm Moscow qhov kev thov, Anglo-American hais kom ncua kev tshaj tawm rau pej xeem txog kev swb ntawm Peb Reich. Nws tau txiav txim siab los txiav txim siab qhov kev tso tawm hauv Reims "ua ntej". Stalin tau thov kom kev zwm npe kos npe hauv Berlin coj los ntawm Red Army. Cov ntawv yuav tsum tau kos npe los ntawm cov lus txib siab ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler kev koom tes. Nws ncaj ncees. Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas tsis tawm tsam. Eisenhower qhia rau cov neeg German txog qhov no, lawv tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis muab kev pom zoo los ntawm lawv.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8, 1945, lub taub hau ntawm tebchaws Askiv, W. Churchill, thiab Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm, H. Truman, tau tshaj tawm xov tooj cua tshaj tawm txog kev swb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab Kev Yeej. Churchill sau tseg:
"… Tsis muaj laj thawj txwv tsis pub peb ua kev zoo siab rau hnub no thiab tag kis raws li hnub yeej nyob hauv Europe. Niaj hnub no, tej zaum, peb yuav xav txog peb tus kheej ntau dua. Thiab tag kis peb yuav tsum them khoom plig rau peb cov phooj ywg Lavxias, uas nws lub siab tawv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev yeej."
Hmo ntuj ntawm 8-9, 1945, hauv Berlin thaj tsam ntawm Karlshorst, hauv lub tsev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm lub koom haum ntawm lub tsev qub tub rog engineering tsev kawm ntawv, Txoj Cai Zaum Kawg ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees qhov kev lees paub tsis muaj qhov txwv. Ntawm qhov Reich, daim ntawv tau kos npe los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Wehrmacht, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, tus sawv cev ntawm Luftwaffe, Colonel General Stumpf, thiab tus sawv cev ntawm lub nkoj, Admiral von Friedeburg. Ntawm ib feem ntawm Soviet Union, daim ntawv tau kos npe los ntawm Marshal Zhukov, ntawm ib feem ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg - los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog, Marshal Tedder.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1945, thaum 2:10 teev sawv ntxov Moscow, Soviet Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xov Xwm tau tshaj tawm txoj kev swb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Tus tshaj tawm Yuri Levitan tau nyeem Txoj Cai ntawm kev tso tub rog ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Tsab Cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Xeev Soviet ntawm USSR tshaj tawm lub Tsib Hlis 9 Hnub Yeej. Cov lus tau tshaj tawm txhua hnub. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 9, Joseph Stalin hais lus rau cov neeg. Tom qab ntawd Levitan nyeem tawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm kev ua tiav kev kov yeej Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab ntawm kev siv phom loj rau lub Tsib Hlis 9 thaum 22 teev sawv ntxov nrog rau peb caug lub suab los ntawm ib txhiab phom. Nov yog li cas Great Patriotic War tau xaus.
Cov seem, chav nyob thiab cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht, raws li txoj cai ntawm kev swb, tso lawv txhais caj npab thiab tso tseg. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9-10, Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Kurland, thaiv hauv Latvia, tau tso tseg. Cov pab pawg sib cais uas tau sim tawm tsam thiab hla mus rau sab hnub poob, mus rau Prussia, tau raug rhuav tshem. Ntawm no txog 190 txhiab tus yeeb ncuab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau swb rau cov tub rog Soviet. Ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Vistula (sab hnub tuaj ntawm Danzig), thiab ntawm Frische-Nerung nto qaub ncaug, li ntawm 75 txhiab tus Nazis tso lawv txhais caj npab. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, Soviet tsaws tau ntes 12 txhiab. lub garrison ntawm cov kob ntawm Bornholm. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Norway, pab pawg Narvik tau tso lawv txhais caj npab.
Tsis tas li, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav qhov kev swb thiab ntes cov yeeb ncuab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab Austria. Los ntawm 9 txog 13 Lub Tsib Hlis, ntau dua 780 txhiab tus neeg German tso lawv caj npab nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm yav dhau los Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Austria, qee pab pawg neeg German tseem tawm tsam, tau sim hla mus rau Sab Hnub Poob, tab sis thaum kawg lawv tau ua tiav thaum lub Tsib Hlis 19-20. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txij li 9 txog 17 Lub Tsib Hlis, peb cov tub rog ntes tau txog 1.4 lab tus tub rog German.
Yog li, cov tub rog German thiab Peb Reich tsis muaj nyob lawm. Ntawm kev pib thiab kev xav ntawm Moscow, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 24, 1945, tsoomfwv German ntawm Dönitz tau yaj, nws cov tswvcuab raug ntes. Reich High Command kuj tau raug ntes. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau suav hais tias yog tub sab tub nyiag thiab yuav tsum raug coj mus hais plaub ua ntej tsev hais plaub. Txhua lub zog hauv Tebchaws Yelemees dhau mus rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm plaub lub zog muaj yeej: USSR, Asmeskas, Askiv thiab Fabkis. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thaj chaw ua haujlwm tau faib rau Fab Kis nkaus xwb thaum pib ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Txoj haujlwm tau raug cai raug cai hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev swb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1945. Tom qab ntawd, qhov teeb meem no tau daws ntawm Potsdam Conference ntawm Great Powers (Lub Xya Hli - Lub Yim Hli 1945).
