Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?

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Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?
Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?

Video: Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?

Video: Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?
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Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?
Hitler's Stop Order. Vim li cas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tsis tsoo cov tub rog Askiv?

Blitzkrieg nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tom qab kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib cais ntawm German mus rau hiav txwv, kwv yees li ib lab lab Fabkis, Askiv thiab tub rog Belgian raug txiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tau nce mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nrog me lossis tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab nyob hauv Fab Kis cov chaw nres nkoj. Guderian tuaj yeem nyob Dunkirk xyaum yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus, uas coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj tag nrho thiab ntes tag nrho pawg yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd Hitler tau hais kom nres qhov kev tawm tsam. Hitler's "Stop Order" tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm qhov tsis paub txog keeb kwm.

Allied armies kev puas tsuaj

Holland swb rau lub Tsib Hlis 14, 1940. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 17, Nazis tau ntes lub nroog Belgian Brussels. Pab Pawg Tub Rog German "A" raws li cov lus txib ntawm Rundstedt thiab Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "B" nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Leeb tau kaw ib puag ncig pab pawg lab-muaj zog ntawm Anglo-French-Belgian cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lub zog, thawb lawv mus rau hauv hiav txwv. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm Sedan thiab Dinan, cov neeg German hla Meuse ntawm kev txav mus los. Thaum London paub tias kab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Meuse tau tawg thiab tias tus thawj coj Fab Kis tus thawj coj Gamelin tsis muaj phiaj xwm npaj tseg kom kaw qhov sib txawv thiab tam sim tso tawm tsam kom tawg los ntawm lub nplhaib thaiv, lawv xav tsis thoob.

Cov tsheb loj ntawm cov tub rog German thib 4, yooj yim tawm tsam cov koomhaum Fab Kis tsis zoo tawm tsam, tsoo dhau mus rau Saint-Quentin. Kleist qhov kev tawm tsam tank pab pawg, hla Ardennes thiab Meuse, tau nrawm dhau mus rau sab qaum teb Fabkis, twb txog lub Tsib Hlis 20, 1940, mus txog Askiv Channel hauv cheeb tsam Abbeville. Pawg Anglo-French-Belgian tau raug thaiv hauv Flanders thiab thawb mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv. Tseem muaj txoj hauv kev los tsoo tsawg kawg ib feem ntawm cov tub rog. Cov pab pawg nyob ib puag ncig puag thaum pib yuav luag ob npaug zoo dua li cov tub rog German nyob ib puag ncig. Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom mob siab rau cov chav npaj ua rog thiab tawm tsam rau sab qab teb hnub poob, kom thim ib feem ntawm pab pawg los ntawm ib puag ncig.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Askiv twb tau xav txog kev khiav tawm thiab tsis xav kom muaj kev pheej hmoo nws. Thiab Fab Kis xav tsis thoob thiab tsis meej pem. Tus thawj coj Fab Kis tus thawj coj Gamelin tau hais kom hla mus. Tab sis lub sijhawm no, tsoomfwv Fab Kis tau saib xyuas yuav ua li cas zais qhov kev puas tsuaj loj, kom pom qhov huab. Thaum lub sijhawm nruj tshaj plaws, Gamelin raug tshem tawm, Weygand tau muab tso rau hauv. Tus thawj coj tshiab-tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Fab Kis, General Weygand, tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi. Ntxiv mus, thaum xub thawj nws tau tso tseg Gamelin qhov kev xaj kom teeb tsa kev tawm tsam kom txuag tau pab pawg uas raug thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, tau xam nws tawm, nws rov hais dua qhov kev txiav txim no. Tab sis lub sijhawm twb ploj lawm. Txoj haujlwm ntawm Allied rog sai dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj. Kev hais kom ua thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog tau cuam tshuam, kev sib txuas lus tau cuam tshuam. Qee qhov kev sib cais tseem tau sim tawm tsam, ua kom tawg thiab tsis ua tiav, tsis muaj lub zog tsim nyog, lwm tus tsuas yog tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, lwm tus tau khiav mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Cov tub rog tau hloov pauv sai sai rau hauv pawg neeg tawg rog. Lub dav hlau German foob pob thiab tua cov yeeb ncuab. Allied aviation yuav luag tsis ua haujlwm. Cov neeg tawg rog coob coob tau ua rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo thiab thaiv txoj hauv kev. Muaj ntau tus tub rog ntawm lawv uas tso lawv cov riam phom. Lawv tau koom nrog cov koog uas tau ya mus thaum lub sijhawm German kov yeej.

Cov tub rog koom nrog txiav tawm hauv Flanders thiab Sab Qaum Teb Fabkis tau nyob hauv daim duab peb sab ntawm Gravelines, Denin thiab Ghent. Rundstedt cov tub rog nce qib sab hnub poob, thiab Leeb cov tub rog los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis 23, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov tub rog hauv av tau hais kom Pawg Tub Rog A thiab B txuas ntxiv txhawm rau kaw ib puag ncig cov yeeb ncuab. Cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army tau thim rov qab cov yeeb ncuab rog uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam Lille mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg "A" tau mus txog Bethune-Saint-Omer-Calais kab thiab nce mus ntxiv rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev puas tsuaj ntawm pab pawg yeeb ncuab tau npaj los ua los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm ob pab tub rog ua ntej ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj.

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Nres kev txiav txim

Tsis ntseeg, cov phoojywg raug hem lossis tuag. Tshwj xeeb, 550-txhiab tus muaj zog Belgian pab tub rog, tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev khiav tawm, pab pawg phooj ywg thiab muaj peev xwm tuav kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv tau ntev, tau tso tseg thaum lub Tsib Hlis 28. London nkag siab qhov no thiab xaj lawv cov tub rog ntoj ke mus kawm raws li General Gort kom khiav tawm tam sim ntawd hla txoj kev hla mus rau Askiv Isles. Qhov teeb meem yog tias Askiv tsis muaj sijhawm khiav lawv cov tub rog yog tias cov neeg German tsis tau tso tseg tam sim ntawd.

German lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau nce nrawm dua, nyob hauv Fabkis cov chaw nres nkoj yuav luag tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 22, Cov tub rog German nyob hauv Boulogne, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 23 lawv tau mus txog Calais thiab nyob ze Dunkirk. Cov tub rog Fab Kis, tau npau taws thiab ua tsis ncaj ncees tag nrho, tso lawv txhais caj npab. Cov neeg Askiv, qhov tseeb, tawm hauv Belgium mus rau tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, rov qab sai sai rau Dunkirk, tsuas yog qhov chaw nres nkoj ntxiv los ntawm qhov uas nws tuaj yeem khiav tawm mus rau lawv lub tebchaws. Cov lus txib Askiv tau npaj yuav luag txhua lub nkoj thiab nkoj, suav nrog tus kheej, kom tshem cov tub rog. Tab sis Guderian's 19th Panzer Corps mus txog Dunkirk ob hnub ua ntej tshaj li cov tub rog Askiv tseem ceeb. Cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog German tau sawv ntsug ua ntej ntawm lub nroog uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Thiab tom qab ntawv qhov kev txiav txim los nres qhov kev tawm tsam. "Peb tau hais lus tsis meej," tus thawj coj German tau rov hais dua. Guderian ntseeg tias cov tub rog German muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem tus yeeb ncuab.

Qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau Cov Phooj Ywg tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim mobile ntawm 4 Army, uas yuav tsum tau nce mus rau sab hnub poob. Tab sis tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg A, Rundstedt, txiav txim siab ncua ncua kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Kleist thiab Hoth txog 25 Lub Tsib Hlis. Hitler, uas tuaj txog ntawm Rundstedt lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 24, ua ke nrog Jodel, tau pom zoo nrog lub tswv yim tias kev sib cais ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj nyob ntawm kab tau mus txog, thiab cov tub rog yuav tsum mus tom ntej. Qhov kev txiav txim sib xws tau txais los ntawm von Kluge's 4th Army.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, German tso tsheb hlau luam tau nres yam tsis tau xav txog thaum lub Tsib Hlis 24, twb nyob rau ntawm Dunkirk. 20 km ntawm lub nroog, uas cov tub rog German sib cais tuaj yeem kov yeej nrog ib qho kev sib tsoo. Raws li W. Churchill tau sau tseg, Askiv tau cuam tshuam "tsis lees paub lus German hais tias kev ua phem rau Dunkirk, Hazbruck, Merville kab yuav tsum raug tso tseg." Cov phoojywg tseem tsis tau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm no. Hauv ob hnub, cov neeg Askiv tau tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no thiab teeb tsa kev khiav haujlwm loj.

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Yog vim li cas rau "txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv Dunkirk"

Cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas kev ua tub rog thiab nom tswv rau Hitler qhov "txwv tsis pub ua". Fuhrer thiab Tus Thawj Coj Loj tseem tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg qhov kev swb ntawm Fabkis, qhov tseeb tias Fab Kis twb tau mus pw thiab yuav tsis sawv. Cov neeg German ntseeg tias lawv tseem tab tom ntsib kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb Fabkis. Hitler thiab ntau tus thawj coj los ntawm cov lus txib siab tau nco txog xyoo 1914, thaum cov tub rog German tseem tau ua siab tawv mus rau Paris, tab sis ncua kev sib txuas lus, fizzled thiab tsis tuaj yeem yeej Kev Sib Tw ntawm Marne. Fuehrer tshaj tawm: "Kuv yuav tsis lees paub Marne thib ob."

Tag nrho, Hitler thiab nws cov kws tshaj lij tau txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej tam sim no kom raug. Cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum pov tseg cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tawm tsam sab qab teb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tank phom. Nws tau ntseeg tias pab tub rog Fab Kis yuav tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev tawm tsam kom tso tawm qhov kev thaiv ntawm pab pawg Dunkirk. Fabkis tseem muaj peev txheej thiab lub zog rau kev tawm tsam hnyav. Thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, cov phooj ywg xav tau tuaj yeem khawb thiab sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov neeg German. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nqa cov tub rog thiab phom loj, nraub qaum. Logic hais tseg tias cov khoom siv mobile yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kev tawm tsam los ntawm British cov tub rog rab phom loj thiab dav hlau. Nws tau pom tseeb tias Askiv yuav muab tag nrho lawv lub zog los cawm lawv cov tub rog nkaus xwb. Cov Tub Rog Ncaj Ncees xav tau los tiv thaiv Askiv Isles.

Cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog tiv thaiv kev cia siab tau cia siab. Nws zoo li nws yuav yog li ntawd. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 21 thiab 22, Cov Phooj Ywg tau tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Arras. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 23, Cov Phooj Ywg, nrog peb pawg tub rog Askiv thiab ib feem ntawm Pawg Neeg Fab Kis Fab Kis thib 3, tau tawm tsam sab xis ntawm Kleist pawg hauv thaj tsam Arras. Cov neeg German raug kev txom nyem hnyav tank poob. Muaj tseeb, kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem nyob nrog Nazis, lawv kho sai thiab xa rov qab mus rau kev pabcuam tsheb puas. Cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau rov tsim cov xov tooj ntawm tes rau kev tawm tsam tshiab thiab txuag rau kev ua phem tshiab hauv Fabkis. Yog li, Hitler thiab German cov lus txib siab tau txiav txim siab khaws cov tso tsheb hlau luam "rau kev sib ntaus rau Fabkis." Thiab thaum kawg nws tsis yog, Fab Kis, qhov tseeb, twb tau tshuab lawm.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub taub hau ntawm Luftwaffe, Goering, tau cog lus rau Fuehrer tias nws cov kws tsav dav hlau yuav tiv thaiv tsis tau tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub taub hau me me ntawm Dunkirk, ntim nrog cov tub rog, cov neeg tawg rog thiab cov cuab yeej siv, yuav tsum tau foob pob kom raug, thiab cov yeeb ncuab yuav pov tawm tus chij dawb. Muaj qhov laj thawj rau cov kev cia siab no. Cov phoojywg tsis yog yeej xwb, tabsis tseem pib sib cav sib ceg. Cov neeg Askiv thawb rau pem hauv ntej, Fab Kis thiab Belgians thawb ib puag ncig, sim muab lawv los tiv thaiv kev xa tawm ntawm Askiv. Cov neeg tawg rog tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nkoj. Vaj Ntxwv Leopold ntawm Belgium tau thov kom tso tseg cov tub rog thiab khiav tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg Belgians tau txiav txim siab tias nws tau tag thiab tso tseg.

Vim li cas kev nom kev tswv tseem qhia meej. Hitler xav kom muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kom xaus kev thaj yeeb nrog Askiv. Fuhrer xav kom yeej Fab Kis, kom pauj kev tsov rog xyoo 1914-1918. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, cov neeg tseem ceeb Nazi pom "kwvtij" hauv tebchaws Aryan thiab lub siab. Nws yog Tebchaws Askiv uas tau pib tsim lub ntiaj teb kev txiav txim uas Nazis ua npau suav txog. Nrog kev faib cov neeg mus rau "kev sib tw zoo tshaj thiab" qis dua ", nrog kev sib tua thiab kev ntshai ntawm" subhumans ", ib qho kev tawm tsam, nrog cov chaw nyob ruaj khov, thiab lwm yam. xaj. Yog li ntawd, Fuehrer tau muab sijhawm rau cov neeg Askiv kom dim ntawm Fabkis, txawm tias nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj thiab raug nqi hnyav. Tom qab ntawd los kom pom zoo nrog cov neeg Askiv. Hmoov zoo, Tebchaws Askiv tau muaj lub zog txhawb nqa German tog.

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Kev ua haujlwm Dynamo

Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 25, 1940, Cov tub rog German thib 6 thiab 18th thiab ob pab tub rog ntawm 4 pab tub rog tau pib tawm tsam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg. Tab sis kev tawm tsam tawm tsam pawg phooj ywg los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj tau qeeb heev. Lub zog ntawm ib tus tub rog tsis txaus. Kev ncua yog qhov txaus ntshai. Cov yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem nkag siab nws thiab sim txeeb qhov pib. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 26, Hitler, tau nkag siab qhov xwm txheej no, thim qhov "nres kev txiav txim". Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw txawb tau pib thim tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tsom mus rau Paris. Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov phooj ywg uas txuas rau hauv hiav txwv tau tso siab rau cov tub rog, phom loj thiab dav hlau.

Yog li, qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej ua rog kom swb Dunkirk pab pawg tau siv sijhawm me ntsis ntau dua ob hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, Askiv tswj hwm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov no thiab plam tawm ntawm qhov ntxiab. Thaum cov tub rog German rov pib ua phem rau lub Tsib Hlis 27, lawv tau ntsib qhov muaj zog thiab muaj kev tawm tsam zoo. Fab Kis tuav lawv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab hnub poob, Askiv nyob sab hnub tuaj. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm thaj av uas ntxhib heev, cov phoojywg tau npaj ntau lossis tsawg dua cov kab muaj zog, ua rau lawv nrog cov phom loj thiab tiv thaiv kev tawv ncauj, qee zaum rov tawm tsam. Cov dav hlau Askiv nquag koom nrog lawv cov tub rog hauv av thiab tub rog.

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Cov neeg Askiv tau pib sau cov nkoj rau kev khiav tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 20. Txog Dunkirk kev ua haujlwm, txhua lub nkoj uas muaj ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub lag luam tau thauj mus los - txog 700 tus neeg Askiv thiab txog 250 tus Fab Kis. Siv ntau pua lub nkoj pej xeem (nuv ntses, neeg caij npav, nyiam caij nkoj, nkoj me me, nkoj, thiab lwm yam), feem ntau me me. Lawv coj tib neeg ncaj qha los ntawm ntug hiav txwv thiab thauj cov tub rog mus rau cov nkoj loj thiab cov nkoj loj, lossis nqa lawv ncaj qha mus rau tebchaws Askiv. Qee tus tswv nkoj tau nqa lawv lub nkoj, lwm tus tau thov. Ib qho ntxiv, cov nkoj Dutch thiab Belgian uas twb muaj lawm tau siv rau kev khiav tawm.

Txawm hais tias ua ntej pib ua haujlwm ntawm Dunkirk, cov neeg Askiv tau nquag ua haujlwm xa cov tub rog (nraub qaum, cov koomhaum pabcuam) thiab tshem tawm txog 58 txhiab tus neeg. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 26, tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv xaj kom khiav tawm Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm. Kev khiav tawm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cais, nyob rau hauv rab phom loj hluav taws thiab cua tawm tsam. Hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj, lawv thauj khoom mus rau cov nkoj loj thiab cov nkoj loj; ntawm ntug hiav txwv, cov tub rog tau ua chaw zaum ib ntus los ntawm cov tsheb uas tau tsav mus rau hauv dej, uas tuaj yeem txav los ntawm cov nkoj me. Qee lub nkoj tuaj yeem ncav cuag los ntawm nkoj, nkoj, rafts lossis ua luam dej.

German Air Force nquag foob pob rau ntawm tus choj, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev khiav tawm. Tau ob peb hnub huab cua tsis zoo, uas cuam tshuam qhov kev ua ntawm kev ya dav hlau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg Askiv tau mob siab rau lawv lub zog huab cua kom npog qhov kev khiav tawm. Cov neeg Askiv muaj tshav dav hlau nyob ze, thiab lawv cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua hla Dunkirk, tsav cov yeeb ncuab.

Yog li, Hitlerite hais kom ua yuam kev loj, tau plam txoj hauv kev los rhuav tshem pawg neeg sib koom ua ke hauv thaj chaw Dunkirk nrog kev pab ntawm kev tsim mobile, thaum cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj zog ntxiv. Txawm tias ua ntej pib Kev Ua Haujlwm Dynamo, kwv yees li 58 txhiab tus tib neeg tau khiav tawm. Txij thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 26 txog Lub Rau Hli 4, 1940, thaum lub sijhawm Dunkirk ua haujlwm, kwv yees li 338 txhiab tus tib neeg (suav nrog txog 280 txhiab tus neeg Askiv) tau xa mus rau Askiv Isles. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cawm tau cov tub rog Askiv tsis tu ncua.

Cov phooj ywg poob tau hnyav. Hauv ib puag ncig Lille ib leeg, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 31, kwv yees li 35 txhiab tus neeg Fabkis tau tso tseg. Lwm 40-50 txhiab leej neeg Fab Kis raug ntes nyob hauv thaj tsam Dunkirk. Tshwj xeeb, kwv yees li 15 txhiab tus tub rog Fab Kis tau npog qhov kev khiav tawm mus txog rau lub sijhawm kawg. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab thauj mus los, kwv yees li 2 txhiab tus tub rog thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj tau tuag lossis ploj mus. Cov phoojywg tau poob ntau lub nkoj thiab nkoj - 224 Askiv thiab txog 60 lub nkoj Fabkis (suav nrog 6 tus neeg Askiv thiab 3 tus neeg rhuav tshem Fabkis). Qee lub nkoj thiab cov nkoj tau raug puas tsuaj. Cov neeg Askiv tau poob ntau dua 100 lub dav hlau, cov neeg German - 140. Cov phoojywg tau poob yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov khoom siv tub rog: ntau dua 2, 4 txhiab rab phom, ntau txhiab phom me me, tsheb, ntau pua txhiab tons ntawm cov mos txwv, roj, cov mos txwv thiab khoom siv. Zoo li cov tub rog Askiv tau poob tag nrho cov riam phom hnyav thiab thauj mus los.

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