Lub Peb Hlis ntawm Soviet tankmen, sau xyoo 1938, uas ua suab hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej ua yeeb yam "Tsheb Laij Teb Tsav Tsheb", ib txhis nkag mus rau Lavxias lub neej thiab kab lis kev cai. Txoj kab qhib kev taug kev "Armor muaj zog thiab peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nrawm" dhau los ua tis thiab nrov npe. Cov kab lus ntes no tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb niaj hnub no. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lavxias yog cov khoom lag luam uas niaj hnub xav tau ntawm kev lag luam caj npab thoob ntiaj teb.
Niaj hnub no, lub tank ua lag luam tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no yog lub tsheb Lavxias - lub tank loj sib ntaus T -90S / SK (SK - tus thawj coj hloov kho), thiab hloov kho tshiab ntawm T -90MS lub tank, uas muaj cov cuab yeej zoo dua thiab siv tau yam ntxwv, tseem nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, tsis muaj lub tank sab hnub poob niaj hnub tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov muag zoo li Lavxias MBT T-90S. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub tank nrov nyob rau tom khw yog tus nqi-kev ua haujlwm piv. Lavxias-tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm qhov ntsuas no ua tau zoo tshaj lub tshuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Thiab hais txog kev xa khoom loj los ntawm T -90, tsuas yog ob lub tsheb tuaj yeem sib tw - German Leopard 2 thiab Asmeskas Abrams.
Tam sim no, T-90S tso tsheb hlau luam tau xa tawm mus rau ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Is Nrias teb muaj cov peev txheej loj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam (ntau dua 1000 units), thaum cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws no tau npaj kom nce tus lej ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no, ob qho tib si los ntawm kev tau txais T-90MS tshiab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab los ntawm kev hloov kho lub tank tam sim no. Tsis tas li, T-90S tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua haujlwm hauv Azerbaijan, Algeria, Nyab Laj, Iraq, Syria, Uganda thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Nyab Laj thiab Iraq yog tus neeg yuav khoom zaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
T-90S hauv Iraq
Lwm hnub, Mikhail Petukhov, uas yog tus tuav haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm FSMTC (Tsoom Fwv Pabcuam Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Tub Rog-Txuj Ci Kev Koom Tes), tau hais qhia cov neeg sau xov xwm tias Russia tau ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muab T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam rau Nyab Laj. Raws li nws, daim ntawv cog lus tau ua tiav tag nrho, cov tsheb ua rog tau raug xa mus rau peb cov neeg Nyab Laj koom tes. Thawj thawj zaug, daim ntawv cog lus no tau paub rov qab rau xyoo 2017, tom qab Uralvagonzavod, uas sib sau ua ke Lavxias T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam, tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog nws txoj haujlwm rau xyoo 2016. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, daim ntawv cog lus nrog Nyab Laj tau muab rau kev xa khoom ntawm 64 T-90S thiab T-90SK tso tsheb hlau luam. Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev sib pauv, suav nrog kev muab cov mos txwv niaj hnub no thiab cov khoom seem rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tuaj yeem yog kwv yees li $ 250 lab. Qhov kev pom zoo no yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ntawm Nyab Laj cov tub rog rau lub tsheb loj sib ntaus hauv lub sijhawm ntev.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau paub tias 73 lub tsheb ntxiv tau txais los ntawm pab tub rog Iraqi (tej zaum Iraq tau xaj ntau lub tsheb loj - mus txog ntau pua). Xyoo 2018, Iraq tau lees paub tseeb tias tau txais thawj 39 T-90S. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv pab tub rog Iraqi, cov tub rog siv tub rog 35th tau rov ua rog nrog cov tso tsheb hlau loj uas tsim los ntawm Russia, uas tau xa mus rau lawv los ntawm American M1 Abrams tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev xaiv cov tub rog Iraqi nyiam rau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog Lavxias yog qhov ua rau hnyav rau lub meej mom ntawm Asmeskas cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov tub rog sau xov xwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias hais tias lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev xaiv ntawm Lavxias lub tank sib ntaus sib tua tau ua los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lawv siv thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Syria, qhov twg T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam tau qhia txog qib siab ntawm kev muaj sia nyob hauv kev tawm tsam tiag.
Kev sib tw zoo ntawm Lavxias lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam T-90S
Qhov zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsheb ua rog hauv tsev yog ib txwm muaj nws cov nqi thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo, ntawm no niaj hnub no nws yooj yim tsis muaj qhov sib npaug. Lub tank T-90S raug nqi cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws txog $ 1, 9-2, 5 lab, thiab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm T-90MS, uas tau nquag saib xyuas hauv Kuwait thiab Egypt, yuav raug nqi cov neeg siv li $ 4-4, 3 lab. Qhov no yog qhov tsawg dua li tus nqi ntawm niaj hnub sab hnub poob ua lub tank tseem ceeb sib ntaus, uas tsis tuaj yeem yuav qis dua $ 6 lab. Yog li tus tshiab German MBT Leopard 2A6 yuav raug nqi rau cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws $ 6, 79 lab, thiab nws qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws, Leopard 2 A7 +, yuav raug nqi ntau dua $ 10 lab. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias Leopard 2 tso tsheb hlau luam tau nquag xa tawm, tab sis peb tab tom tham txog cov tshuab ntawm kev hloov kho qub, feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov muaj Bundeswehr, uas tau nquag muag tawm cov khoom muaj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Txias. Feem ntau ntawm Leopards 2 tau xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm cov hauv paus chaw khaws khoom, thiab tsis yog cov tsheb tsim khoom tshiab. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog Asmeskas "Abrams". Lub tank yog kim heev, yog li ntau lub tebchaws tau txais nws los ntawm kev muaj ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog tom qab kho dua tshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm lub tank hauv M1A2 SEP Abarms version yog tsawg kawg yog $ 8.6 lab.
T-90 ntawm kev xyaum ua ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Yeej Yeej hauv Alabino
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias T-90S yog nws yog lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua zoo heev, uas tseem muaj qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Lub tank hnyav tsuas yog 46.5 tons, uas ua kom yooj yim rau nws txoj kev thauj mus los los ntawm ob qho kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab kev thauj mus los hauv huab cua, cais peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov hnyav me me kuj tseem txo qhov xav tau rau kev nqa lub peev xwm ntawm cov choj, ntau yam uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua teeb meem rau Sab Hnub Poob. -ua tso tsheb hlau luam. Piv txwv li, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm M1A2 SEP Abarms tank ntau dua 65 tons, thiab German Leopard 2A6 hnyav 63 tons, hauv kev tiv thaiv tshaj plaws ntawm Leopard 2 A7 + nws qhov hnyav tuaj yeem mus txog 70 tons. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv tob ntawm T-90 lub tank-Lavxias lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank T-90MS, txawm hais tias nws rov zoo, tseem tsis tau hla dhau 50 tons cim, nws qhov hnyav sib ntaus yog 48 tons. Nyias, peb tuaj yeem hais txog qhov kev cog lus me me ntawm Lavxias T-90S tank. Nws qhov siab tsuas yog 2.23 m, qhov siab ntawm Abrams yog 2.44 m, thiab Leopada-2 yog 2.79 m, thaum tom kawg yog dav dua thiab ntev dua li lawv cov neeg Lavxias. Vim nws qhov kev cog lus me me, nws yooj yim dua rau Lavxias lub tank kom pom lub npog ntawm tshav rog, zais nws cov duab nyob hauv qhov quav ntawm ib puag ncig lossis tom qab ntau lub tsev.
Kev lig kev cai, nws tau ntseeg tias qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Western Abarms thiab Leopard 2 tso tsheb hlau luam yog lawv txoj kev muaj sia nyob zoo dua. Tab sis kev ua phem rau hauv Iraq thiab Syria hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los tau ua pov thawj tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab siv Lavxias thiab txawm tias Soviet-ua cov tshuab tiv thaiv lub tank. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Lavxias T-90S tso tsheb hlau luam ua tau zoo heev hauv Syria.
Tau kawg, qhov ntim me me ntawm lub tank kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo, uas suav nrog kev teeb tsa nruj heev, suav nrog lub cav ntim khoom. T-90 cov roj system yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau nkag mus rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam tau ib nrab txav mus rau hauv chav sib ntaus thiab ib nrab mus rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub hull. Vladimir Nevolin, tus kws tsim qauv ntawm lub tsheb ua rog ntawm Uralvagonzavod, tau lees tias muaj teeb meem thaum cov mos txwv, roj thiab cov neeg coob coob nyob hauv ib puag ncig. Qhov teeb meem no tau daws ib nrab los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cais cov tso tsheb roj los ntawm cov neeg coob. Ib ntawm cov kauj ruam txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau T-72 kab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lawv cov neeg ua tiav hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm T-90 yog qhov pom ntawm T-90MS version ntawm lub tshuab tsis siv neeg nrog txhim kho cov cuab yeej hauv zos thiab tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov mos txwv, uas tsis nyob hauv AZ, mus rau hauv ib sab cais tom qab ntawm lub pej thuam nrog cov vaj huam sib luag. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsis yog lub ntsej muag, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Tsov Rog 2 tau rhuav tshem hauv Syria, qhov uas cov mos txwv tau tawg, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hull thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm lub tank turret.
Cov phiaj xwm tso tsheb hlau luam Abrams M1A1 thiab T-90
Kev lig kev cai, qhov zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lavxias suav nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev txav mus los. T-90S tseem raug hu ua "lub dav hlau ya" rau nws dhia thaum ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau yam kev nthuav qhia riam phom thoob ntiaj teb. Tab sis qhov tseeb, hais txog lub zog ntom ntom, Lavxias T-90S tso tsheb hlau luam nrog lub cav 1000-horsepower qis dua rau lawv cov neeg sab hnub poob nruab nrog 1500 hp lub zog cog. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, tsuas yog T-90MS version, uas tau txais lub zog V-92S2F uas muaj zog dua, uas tuaj yeem tsim 1130 hp, piv nrog "Leopard" thiab "Abrams". Tsis tas li, lub tank no tau tshem ntawm qhov teeb meem loj uas yog qhov muaj nyob hauv txhua T-90s ntawm yav dhau los, qhov siab tshaj plaws rov qab ntawm lub tsheb tau nce mus rau 30 km / h, thaum nyob rau T-90S nrog phau ntawv gearbox (7 + 1) Kev rov qab nrawm mus los tsuas yog 5 km / h. Dab tsi tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lavxias yog qhov muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov teeb meem dej, tso tsheb hlau luam muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov pas dej tau tob txog 1.8 meters, thiab thaum siv cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb hauv qab dej, lawv tuaj yeem hla dej teeb meem mus txog 5 meters tob thiab nce txog 1000 dav dav.
Qhov zoo ntawm Lavxias tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm T-90S tsev neeg suav nrog txo cov neeg coob coob los ntawm ib tus neeg. Rau lub tank, peb qhov kev cob qhia tankers txaus, vim tias lub tshuab thauj khoom tsis siv neeg tau siv rau hauv lub tsheb sib ntaus. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg nws tus kheej tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv, nws tso cai rau koj ua lub tsheb kom nruj dua, txo qhov ntim ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, muab qib zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub (suav nrog hauv kev txav, thaum lub loader ua haujlwm yuav nyuaj los ntawm kev co.) thiab tso cai rau koj kom txo tus nqi ntawm kev qhia tankers. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm "Leopards" thiab "Abrams" suav nrog plaub tus neeg, lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem suav nrog lub nra. Lub tshuab thauj khoom tsis siv neeg kuj tseem muaj nyob ntawm Fabkis Leclerc lub tank sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb, tab sis lub tank no suav tias yog kim heev thiab tsis xav tau ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Lub tebchaws United Arab Emirates yog tib tus neeg ua haujlwm txawv tebchaws ntawm Fabkis lub tsheb sib ntaus, ntxiv rau Fabkis nws tus kheej.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hais txog lub zog tua hluav taws, Lavxias lub tank tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau nws cov neeg txawv teb chaws, muaj riam phom nrog 120-mm du-bore phom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom yog ze heev, yog li lawv cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom kev siv phom. Thiab ntawm no, qhov zoo ntawm Lavxias lub tank suav nrog ntau yam ntawm 125-mm mos txwv, suav nrog muaj cov foob pob tawg loj tawg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv thiab cov tub rog nkaum hauv ntau lub tsev thiab cov tsev. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj yog muaj cov mos txwv tank coj. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv Reflex-M coj lub tank ua kom yooj yim yog qhov loj ntxiv rau tag nrho kab ntawm T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub tank "Invar-M1", uas tuaj yeem tua los ntawm 125-mm rab phom rab phom ntawm Lavxias tso tsheb hlau luam, tso siab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb li 5 km (thaum muaj kev sib tua zoo ntawm cov tsoos tsho tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. cov mos txwv feem ntau txwv rau 2-3 kilometers).
Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov neeg siv khoom siv tub rog Lavxias feem ntau yog cov tebchaws uas yav dhau los tau txais lossis tau txais cov khoom siv hauv tebchaws Soviet. Hauv qhov no, lawv tuaj yeem muaj qee qhov tshwj tseg ntawm 125-hli zoo li, uas tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb los ntawm Russia niaj hnub MBTs. Tib lub sijhawm, thaum hloov mus rau Sab Hnub Poob ua cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv yuav raug yuam kom hloov mus rau 120-mm mos txwv, uas yuav suav nrog cov nuj nqis ntxiv.
Lub tank T-90MS
Cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj ntawm Soviet thiab Lavxias cov cuab yeej siv tub rog kuj suav nrog kev yooj yim hauv kev saib xyuas thiab ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev ntseeg siab. Yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab txuag nyiaj ntawm kev saib xyuas koj tus kheej lub dav hlau ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus yog qhov hnyav heev thaum xaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txhim kho lub tebchaws. Thaum ua tiav kev kho tas li, lub tank T-90S rov qab los ua haujlwm hauv ob teev. Tom qab kev khiav ntawm 2, 5 txhiab kis lus mev, kev kho lub tsheb tau muab rau 12 teev, kev kho dua yog ua tom qab 11 txhiab mais. Cov no yog cov cim zoo heev rau cov tsheb hnyav uas taug qab taug kev.
