Hauv Klimovsk, uas niaj hnub no yog lub nroog me me ntawm Podolsk hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, lub tuam txhab nto moo TsNIItochmash nyob. Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb yog ib feem ntawm Rostec State Corporation thiab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov riam phom me thiab mos txwv rau lawv. Piv txwv li, nws nyob ntawm no tias 9-hli lub tshuab tsis siv neeg AS "Val", rab yaj phom 9-mm "Udav", rab phom tshuab tshwj xeeb rau hauv qab tua APS thiab lwm yam piv txwv ntawm caj npab me.
Tam sim no, lub tuam txhab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm tsim cov riam phom tshiab, suav nrog cov uas rau kev qhia tua phom. Xyoo 2020, lub koom haum tau pib ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm qhov cim cim rab yaj phom, uas, ntxiv rau rab phom nws tus kheej, tseem yuav suav nrog daim cartridge tshwj xeeb uas tsim. Nws tau paub tias kev txhim kho tshiab ntawm Klimovsk cov kws siv phom yog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tua hluav taws uas twb muaj lawm, uas yog hu ua "nab" kab ntawm lub tuam txhab nws tus kheej. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm txoj kab ntawm cov riam phom luv hauv ib lub sijhawm yog tus kheej nqa 9-hli tub rog rab phom 6P72, tsim los ua ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho ua haujlwm ntawm "Boa constrictor" ntsiab lus.
Cov tsos ntawm thawj tus cim kos npe
Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tua tau zoo los ntawm caj npab me, nrog rau kev qhia paub cov txuj ci tua phom, tau pib hais nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, rab phom tuav tes tau dhau los ua riam phom loj ntawm txhua pab tub rog. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev kawm, qhov tseem ceeb yog tam sim txuag nyiaj. Lawv tau sim ua kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia thiab kev kawm ntawm cov tua phom los ntawm kev tsim ntau yam kev qhia mos txwv. Nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, kev qhia ua txuj ci tua neeg tau zoo dua tuaj, suav nrog los ntawm kev qhia rau pej xeem.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshiab hauv kev qhia tua phom yog tsim cov cim kab xev. Xws li daim cartridge siv tau tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980s los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab General Dynamics Ordnance thiab Canadian tuam txhab Tactical Systems. Qhov tseeb tias daim cartridge tau tsim muaj tseeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov uas muaj caj npab me me nthuav dav, tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob rau Asmeskas Txoj Cai Lij Choj muab rau cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws muaj cai muaj thiab nqa riam phom. Qhov kev hloov pauv tau txais los ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 1791 thiab tseem siv tau.
Tus lej cim tshiab, tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada, yog lub hom phiaj feem ntau rau kev qhia ua haujlwm tau zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua lag luam pej xeem. Sab hauv cov mos txwv yas ntawm cov mos txwv tshiab cim muaj cov xim pleev xim, uas ua rau riam phom zoo ib yam li rab phom phom. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, nws yog ib kauj ruam loj heev rau pem hauv ntej. Kev siv cov mos txwv zoo li no tso cai rau cov tub rog ruaj ntseg los ua kev cob qhia hauv pab pawg, kom ze li sai tau los tawm tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg sib ntaus tsis raug mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntaus yeej tau nyeem tau yooj yim.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov mos txwv yog tias lawv tau sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov caj npab me, uas, nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas hloov pauv tau, tau hloov pauv ib ntus rau hauv kev qhia. Tag nrho cov no ua ke tsim kev koom ua ke kev kawm thiab kev qhia kom haum rau ob tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Kev siv cov mos txwv zoo li no nrog cov txuj ci riam phom tau nce qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm piv rau kev siv cov cim xim tha xim lossis cov phom phom. Kev sib koom ua ke kev cob qhia nyuaj tau hu ua Simunition, thiab nws tau muab rau hauv cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub no. Qhov nyuaj suav nrog NATO-caliber FX npav cim rau hauv 9 hli (chambered rau 9x19 mm) thiab 5, 56 mm FX (rau phom ntev), nrog rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev thov thiab kev qhia, hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm riam phom thiab tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv khaub ncaws.
Kev kawm rab phom "Marker"
Cov cim phom loj, tsim los ntawm TsNIITOCHMASH cov kws tshaj lij, yog npaj rau kev qhia ua haujlwm kom nce qib kev tua hluav taws thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub koom haum tub ceev xwm Lavxias, nrog rau kev ua si thiab sib tw tua cov pej xeem thiab tuav kev sib tw, - tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab "Klimovsky gunmith". Raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm R&D "Marker", cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv hauv Klimovsk tab tom txhim kho cov cim nyuaj los ntawm tus kheej ntsaws ntsaws ntsais ntsais rab phom thiab cov cim cim rau nws.
Raws li txoj haujlwm rau kev txhim kho, cov chav tseem ceeb thiab ntu ntawm rab phom yuav tsum koom ua ke nrog rab yaj phom twb tau tsim ntawm TsNIItochmash. Tshwj xeeb, nrog rau pab tub rog 9-mm rab phom 6P72 "Udav" chambered rau 9x21 mm, ntxiv rau nrog cov ntawv me me ntawm pab tub rog rab phom "Udav" npaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab National Guard- tus kheej nqa rab yaj phom "Poloz" chambered rau 9x19 mm. Tsis tas li hauv kab no yog cov phom phom RG-120 thiab RG-120-1, tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ROC "Aspid". Tag nrho cov riam phom no twb tau qhia tawm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Rooj Sib Tham, suav nrog xyoo 2020.
Cov tsos ntawm Marker rab yaj phom zoo ib yam li txhua rab phom ntawm kab saum toj no. Tus qauv tshiab zoo ib yam li cov qauv kev sib ntaus ntawm cov caj npab me me, tab sis, zoo li nws cov neeg sab hnub poob, nws sawv tawm rau nws cov xim sib txawv ntawm lub thoob thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Cov piv txwv nthuav tawm ntawm Army lub rooj sab laj 2020 tau xiav xiav. Cov xim qaim ua rau nws tuaj yeem nrawm thiab tsis meej meej txheeb xyuas qhov riam phom kev qhia hauv tus qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ergonomic ntawm "Marker", ntxiv rau cov txuj ci zoo nkauj ntawm kev kawm rab phom, tsis yog qhov phem dua li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov phom phom "Aspid".
Cov rab phom tsim los ntawm TsNIITOCHMASH yuav tsum yooj yim, ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kho. Kev tshaj tawm ntau qhov kev tua rau "Marker" yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 10 meters, kev ua haujlwm kub - los ntawm -5 txog +30 degrees Celsius. Cov peev txheej sib txawv muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hais txog cov peev txheej qauv. Qhov ntau ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig yog tsawg kawg 2-4 txhiab txhaj tshuaj, thiab ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua kuj tseem ntsib. Raws li VTS "Bastion", qhov ntev ntawm rab yaj phom yuav yog 206 hli, qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj daim cartridges - 0.78 kg, lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm - 18 daim cartridges.
Lub tuam txhab hais qhia tias rab phom rab phom tab tom raug tsim los ua qhov xav tau siab rau kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm. Kev tsim cov chav thiab ib feem ntawm "Marker" yuav tsum tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm siv cov phom sib ntaus nrog rab yaj phom, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm tua nrog kev siv cov pej xeem thiab cov mos txwv nyob ntawm cov riam phom me. Nws kuj tseem tau sau tseg tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tua rab yaj phom nrog qhov qhib qhov qhib; txhaj tshuaj thaum lub phom thauj khoom ntog rau hauv av / hauv av; kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov ci ntawm lub hauv paus-qhov hluav taws xob thaum tus kheej rov ua haujlwm riam phom; kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem tshwm ntawm lub cartridge los ntawm cua sov rab yaj phom thaum tua. Tsis tas li, cov neeg tsim khoom tau saib xyuas kev tshem tawm qhov ua rau raug mob rau tus neeg tua phom thaum tua, suav nrog kev siv cov mos txwv los yog txav ib feem ntawm riam phom.
Cartridges rau "Marker"
Marker cartridges tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau rab phom Marker. Raws li xov xwm pabcuam ntawm tus tsim tawm, qhov ntev ntawm daim cartridge thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub flange ntawm lub tes tsho ntawm cov mos txwv Lavxias yuav tsum koom ua ke nrog 9x19 mm Luger sib ntaus phom rab yaj phom, uas tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab Canadian Simunition FX kos daim cartridge 9x19 mm. Nws tau sau tseg tias daim npav cim tshiab yuav raug siv hauv cov txheej txheem kev cob qhia thiab yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tias nws siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsim nyog.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias TsNIITOCHMASH twb muaj kev paub dhau los tsim cov mos txwv cim. Nyuam qhuav pib, los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm cov kws tshaj lij, kev cob qhia thiab cov tswv yim siv nrog lub cim cim tiv thaiv rau tus qauv riam phom - Yarygin rab yaj phom (PY) - tau tsim thiab tab tom tsim. Cov mos txwv no tawm ntawm lub cim kom pom tseeb thaum lub mos txwv ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Lawv twb tau siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb los ua cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb los txhim kho kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb thiab kev qhia tua hluav taws siv cov phom ntev.
Tus cim cim tshiab, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ROC "Marker", yuav tsum muab cov hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm staining lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam - txog 10 meters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai ntau qhov kev sib tua kuj tau qhia - 2 meters. Nws tau sau tseg tias lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm daim npav cim yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.5 J / mm2 thoob plaws txhua qhov kev siv riam phom kev qhia. Tus nqi no tsis raug xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic, nws tau txiav txim siab tus nqi yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog kinetic tshwj xeeb, uas sib haum rau ciam teb ntawm tib neeg kev puas tsuaj. Cov mos txwv "Tus cim" yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau tib neeg raug mob hnyav rau kev noj qab haus huv. Muab tias nws yuav hnav yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv qhov raug mob feem ntau ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus mob.
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov mos txwv rau "Marker" yuav suav nrog cov cim cim ntawm peb lub hauv paus xim: xiav, liab thiab daj. Cov cim ntawm cov mos txwv tuaj yeem tshem tawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo ib yam.
