Riam phom thiab tuam txhab. Thiab nws tau tshwm sim tias tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Crimean, Lavxias cov tub rog huab tais, lossis tsis yog pab tub rog nws tus kheej, tab sis cov qib uas tau hais kom ua, thaum kawg pom tau hais tias qhov xav tau rau riam phom niaj hnub no tsis yog qhov xav tau, tab sis yog qhov xav tau hnyav. Zoo, tsis muaj txaus rau peb tag nrho pab tub rog ntawm rab phom ua los ntawm tus qauv ntawm Kolt rab phom, uas tsuas yog 400 tau ua hauv peb lub tebchaws hauv xyoo 1855. Qhov tseeb, txoj haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog, muaj riam phom Lefosche nyob rau xyoo 1860, thiab txhua tus tib neeg tsav nkoj uas tau thov Galan rab phom rau lawv tus kheej hauv xyoo 1869 … Tab sis cov tub rog tseem tsis muaj rab phom. Tab sis lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag yeej txhua yam. Thiab tam sim no (txawm hais tias tom qab ncua sijhawm me ntsis) cov tub rog thaum kawg tau txais riam phom ntawm thawj chav kawm rau lub sijhawm ntawd - rab phom rab phom ntawm lub tuam txhab "Smith thiab Wesson" hauv qhov muaj peev xwm.44 chambered rau qhov hu ua "Russia cartridge".
Muaj twb tau ib tsab xov xwm no ntawm VO, qhov uas nws tau hais txog lub luag haujlwm uas qee tus Grand Duke thiab ob tus ntawm peb cov tub rog, paub zoo txog riam phom, ua si qhov tseeb tias rab phom tshwj xeeb no tau los ua haujlwm - peb yuav tsis rov ua peb tus kheej. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los hais txog tias ib qho ntawm qhov xav tau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov tub rog nthuav tawm rau riam phom tshiab yog nws txoj kev tuag! Lub rab phom yuav tsum tua tus nees ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 cov kauj ruam thiab yog li tsis muaj peev xwm tus neeg caij! Kev tua hluav taws ceev ntawm lawv rab phom kuj tseem ceeb, vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab caj npab ua tub rog ua ntej tshaj plaws, thiab muaj qhov nrawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
Lub rab phom tau sim thiab ntawm no yog cov txiaj ntsig nws pom:
thaum tua ntawm cov laug cam (ntoo thuv) nrog tuab ntawm 25 hli ntawm qhov nrug ntawm 25 qib nrog qhov nrug ntawm ib nti ntawm lawv, 3, 65 cov laug cam tau xuas nrig ntaus, uas yog, peb hla thiab hla, thiab hauv plaub lub mos txwv tau txais nyam;
ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 cov kauj ruam, lub mos txwv tho 2, 75 cov laug cam;
tab sis tsuas muaj ib qho rau 100 kauj ruam, txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo li txaus!
Qhov tseeb kuj tau txiav txim siab txaus siab:
Ntawm qhov nrug deb ntawm 15 qib, lub vojvoog ntawm qhov zoo tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov mos txwv yog 8.9 cm;
25 qib - 12.6 cm;
thiab 50 kauj ruam - 21.5 cm.
Zoo, nws qhov hluav taws kub zoo li ntawd los ntawm ib tus tub rog tus qauv (uas yog, tsis muaj tus kheej tsoo), tus tua tuaj yeem tso tag nrho rau tus nqi hauv tsuas yog kaum vib nas this (!).
Cov qauv coj los siv xyoo 1869 hauv tebchaws Russia tau txais lub npe "4, 2-kab rab phom ntawm Smith-Wesson system" thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no: muaj peev xwm 4, 2 kab (10, 67 mm), lub nruas uas muaj peev xwm ntawm rau puag ncig, lub thoob yim ntiv tes ntev (203 mm) thiab daim cartridge nrog Berdan primer rau nruab nrab qhov hluav taws kub. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom yog nws rov nrawm dua.
Lub mos txwv tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas nws "tsoo" hauv ib nrab, thiab tib lub sijhawm txhua qhov siv cov mos txwv tau siv tib lub sijhawm (thiab cia li) tshem tawm ntawm lub nruas. Tseeb tiag, rab phom me me tsuas muaj ib qho ua rau siv xwb, tab sis qhov no yog qhov xav tau ntxiv ntawm peb cov tub rog. Tom qab tag nrho, cov phom ntsaws ntsaws hnyav txog li 1.5 kg, uas, hauv lawv lub tswv yim, ua rau nws tus kheej tua los ntawm nws qhov tsis raug.
Thawj tus qauv uas tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Russia raug xaiv los ntawm tus lej I. Thiab tag nrho, lub tuam txhab Smith & Wesson tau muab ntau tshaj 250 txhiab ntawm lawv cov phom. Thiab tau ntev (vim li no) nws yog lub tuam txhab me me-paub hauv Tebchaws Meskas nws tus kheej, txij li nws tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm kev xaj Lavxias.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Lavxias teb sab tub rog tub rog siv peb tus qauv ntawm rab phom, feem, 1871, 1872 thiab 1880. tso tawm, uas feem ntau sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qhov ntev ntev: 203 mm, 178 mm (xya ntiv tes), 165 mm (rau thiab ib nrab ntiv tes) thiab ntau qhov me me.
Los ntawm txoj kev, tus qauv III ntawm xyoo 1880, txawm hais tias nws muaj lub thoob luv tshaj hauv kev sib piv nrog txhua lwm tus, txawm li cas los xij muaj lub hwj chim txaus txaus: nws cov mos txwv tsoo plaub nti ntoo thuv ntoo ntawm qhov deb ntawm 20 m.
Qhov sib txawv sab nraud (thiab qhov pom tau tshaj plaws uas txawv qhov "Lavxias qauv" los ntawm txhua lwm qhov) yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub cev tom qab lub ntsuas, uas tsis tso cai rau "swb" thaum tua rau hauv xib teg, thiab " spur "ntawm tus tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv (uas nce kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv rab phom thaum tua los ntawm tus nees), qhia (raws li lawv hais!) nrog kev foob Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, uas tau yos hav zoov twm nrog Smith thiab Wesson rab phom!
Ib qho ntxiv, rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1880s hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau xaj ib pawg me me ntawm tus kheej cocking "Smith thiab Wesson" No. 3 tus qauv 1880, uas muaj qhov ua ob zaug. Nws tau txais lub npe "Smith-Wesson rab phom, tus tub ceev xwm tus txheej txheem, ua peb zaug." Vim li cas "triple action"? Yog, vim tias qhov ua rau nws tseem tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv "txoj haujlwm thib peb" - uas yog, ntawm pawg tub rog nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov phom no tau tsim los ua kom muaj zog, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj zog rau nws nrog tus ntiv tes, thiab tus tuav nyob ib puag ncig nws loj.
Lub thawv ntawv muaj lub tes tsho tooj dag, uas tau them tus hmoov dub tau muab tso rau hauv 1/3 ntawm tus xov tooj (1 tus xov tooj - 4, 265 grams), thiab lub mos txwv uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1.5 calibers thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 3.5 spool. Lub mos txwv muaj peb lub voj voos uas muaj cov "cannon fat", uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub thoob thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm cov hmoov av. Zoo, nws cov mos txwv ceev yog qhov tsim nyog - txog 210 m / s.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau dhau los sai sai tias lub zog rhuav tshem ntawm rab phom rab phom yog siab dua li cov mos txwv ntawm Berdan phom loj, uas muaj lub peev xwm zoo ib yam, qhov tseeb vim tias nws lub qhov ncauj qis tshaj tawm! Ntawd yog, cov tub rog tub rog Lavxias tau txais ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg tsis muaj zog thiab riam phom niaj hnub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab tseem nws tsis zoo siab nrog nws.
Kuv tsis txaus siab, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho nrog nws cov yam ntxwv ballistic thiab rov thauj khoom yooj yim (txawm hais tias tseem muaj kev tsis txaus siab txog nws). Tsis yog, rab yaj phom tsis nyiam vim hnyav heev.
Nws tau los sai sai tias cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis tas yuav siv nws hauv kev sib ntaus ntau zaus. Tab sis nqa ib thiab ib nrab kilograms ntawm cov hlau ntawm koj ib sab yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Txoj siv sia nrog lub hnab ntim qis rau ib sab, thiab vim li cas ob lub xub pwg siv uas tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog Lavxias nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum tsis tau xav txog. Qaum (yog li tsis txhob poob lub phom!), Tsau rau nws tuav, tsis yooj yim, txij li nws tau ncig ncig lub caj dab thiab tsim kev hem thawj ncaj qha ntawm kev tua tus neeg tua. Yog li ntau tus tau thuam "Smith thiab Wesson", tab sis muaj cov uas qhuas nws.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau No. 32 ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Lavxias tsis raug" rau xyoo 1892, nws tau sau:
"Thiab yog li cov txheej txheem nqa rab phom nyob hauv lub hnab ntim rau ntawm lub duav siv yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis hloov pauv, rab yaj phom qaum yuav tsum tau tshem tawm mus; kom tawm ntawm Smith thiab Wesson rab phom zoo li ua ntej, vim tias, ntxiv rau qhov kev sib ntaus zoo tshaj plaws, qhov tseeb, zoo li rab phom, rab phom no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes mus rau nruab nrab yog ib qho riam phom zoo heev nyob hauv nws qhov hnyav thiab hauv kev tsoo nws ua txhaum."
Thiab yog, qhov tseeb, rab phom no, nqa los ntawm lub thoob, yog lub club tiag tiag, txawm hais tias nws cov neeg tsim khoom tsis npaj nws rau kev siv li ntawd.
Yog li ntawd, nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1895 "Smith thiab Wesson" hloov Nagant rab phom, uas tau hnyav dua thiab me dua qhov loj, txawm hais tias nws tau rov ua dua txoj hauv kev qub, dhau los ntawm "Abadi qhov rooj" uas kaw lub nruas los ntawm kev tig ib sab, thiab ntawm sab xis, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Colt rab phom los ntawm 1870s thaum ntxov, uas ua rau nws tsis xis nyob rau tib pab tub rog.
Kuj tsim tawm yog "Tus Qauv Lavxias Me Me Smith -Wesson" - raws li cov neeg siv riam phom ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm 38 (9, 7 hli), nrog lub thoob luv thiab txawm tias tsis muaj rab hneev.
Ntxiv rau Asmeskas thiab Tula Caj Npab Tsob Ntoo, cov phom me no tau ntim rau "Lavxias daim cartridge".44 kuj tau tsim los ntawm qee lub tuam txhab European. Piv txwv li, tus qauv hnyav hnyav rau tus kheej nrog lub thoob luv tau ua hauv Belgium. Thiab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, nws tau nrov heev vim yog nws qhov hnyav txo.
Feem ntau, rab phom Smith thiab Wesson tau ua haujlwm ntev hauv tebchaws Russia. Thaum lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm cov tub rog, lawv tau raug xa mus rau tub ceev xwm Lavxias. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, "Smith-Wessons" tseem tshuav nyob hauv cov tub rog lub tsev khaws khoom tau muab rau cov tub rog, cov tsheb tom qab thiab cov pabcuam pabcuam ntawm pab tub rog, thiab qee qhov tau hloov pauv mus ua lub foob pob hluav taws. Txog rau xyoo 1917, cov neeg ua haujlwm tom hav zoov thiab cov neeg taug kev tau ua haujlwm nrog lawv, vim tias lawv tsis tau muab phom, yog li yuav tsis muaj kev ntxias kom koom nrog kev tua tsiaj.
Xyoo 1879, Russia tau xa 2,000 rab phom ntawm 1874 tus qauv thiab 100,000 daim cartridges mus rau pab tub rog Bulgarian. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1885, nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog nrog Serbia, nws tau ua tub rog nrog 1,612 rab phom, thiab ua ntej nws nkag mus rau Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb - 1112. Tom qab ntawd ib txhiab rab phom tuaj txog. Xyoo 1880, Nyij Pooj tau yuav los ntawm Asmeskas thiab siv lawv thaum Tsov Rogso-Japanese Tsov Rog. Thiab tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm rab phom no nyob hauv Av ntawm Rising Sun lawv tsim lawv tus kheej qauv - Hino rab phom.
Lawv muag Smith-Wessons rau Turkey, Mexico thiab txawm tias Australia, nrog rau Suav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb no lawv tau pom nyob hauv cov lej zoo li hauv peb lub tebchaws, hauv Russia!
Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm hais tias nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv Asmeskas, "S&W Lavxias" thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws tau nrov heev nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob. Yog li, nyob rau xyoo sib txawv xws li tus neeg nto moo tau ua tub rog nrog lawv - tua thiab tub ceev xwm zoo li Wyatt Earp, nws tus tij laug Virgil, Pat Garrett thiab lwm tus, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, zoo ib yam li cov neeg ua phem phem zoo li Billy the Kid thiab John Hardin, Jesse James thiab Bob Ford. Yog li, nws yog los ntawm no.44 rab phom rab phom loj uas Ford tua nyob tom nraub qaum thiab tua Jesse James …
