Tshwj xeeb bayonets

Tshwj xeeb bayonets
Tshwj xeeb bayonets

Video: Tshwj xeeb bayonets

Video: Tshwj xeeb bayonets
Video: RUSIA-UKRAINE18/7:UKARINE TUA RAUG PUTIN LUB PAUV HAUMTAWG, SUAV- MEKAS CIG HLUAV TAWS HLOB HEEV 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Thiab npau taws pom Karl tus muaj hwj chim

Cov huab tsis chim

Tsis zoo siab Narva cov neeg khiav tawm, Thiab cov xov ntawm lub txee yog ci, zoo dua

Obedient, ceev thiab nyob ntsiag to, Thiab ib kab ntawm bayonets unshakable.

(Poltava AS Pushkin)

Keeb kwm ntawm riam phom. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws kub sai thiab tom qab ntawd cov phom phom cov ntawv xov xwm, cov neeg yos hav zoov raws li ib yam ntawm cov tub rog tau tso tseg lawm. Lub sijhawm kawg hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws sib txawv ntawm cov tub rog dav dav, lawv tau tawm tsam thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cov no yog "Berdan's shooters", tab sis lawv qhov kev tshwm sim, txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig, tseem nyob hauv keeb kwm "qhov kawg ntawm zaj nkauj qub hauv kev ua si qub txog gamekeepers". Twb tau nyob hauv Lavxias-Turkish tsov rog xyoo 1877-1878. Kev siv Asmeskas Winchesters los ntawm Turks hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Plevna tsis tso cai rau peb cov tub rog mus rau ntawm lub trenches Turkish thiab coj cov teeb meem mus rau qhov raug ntaus nrog phom. Zoo, nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, tsis muaj kev cia siab tias cov tub rog nyob rau hauv txoj kab tsim yuav nkag mus rau hauv bayonet tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov inertia ntawm kev xav ntawm ntau tus tub ceev xwm ua tau zoo heev uas lawv lub tswv yim yog "tus neeg ruam lub mos txwv - rab phom zoo ua tiav", "tua tsis tshua pom, tab sis raug!" tseem ua neeg nyob ntev. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov kev txiav txim no tau qhia, txawm li cas los xij, twb tau dhau los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austro-Danish-Prussian (Danish-German) thiab Franco-Prussian kev tsov kev rog, uas raug nqi ntau heev hauv cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev ua tub rog yav dhau los. Tab sis tseem tseem siv rab phom ib leeg uas tau tua cov hmoov dub dub! Los ntawm txoj kev, tib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm Prussian cov tub rog nyob hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Dyubbel tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, vim tias lawv tau ntsib hluav taws los ntawm rab phom rab phom uas tau nrawm. Dab tsi, tom qab ntawd, tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog yuav los, uas cov tub rog yuav sib ntaus nrog cov phom phom hauv xov tooj cua ntawm lawv txhais tes, thiab tsis siv cov phom phom uas tsis haus luam yeeb hauv lub thawv?!

Tshwj xeeb … bayonets
Tshwj xeeb … bayonets

Tsis muaj leej twg tawm tsam qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm rab koob rab koob, tab sis ntxiv rau lawv, yuav tsum tau siv rab riam. Thiab nyob rau qhov xwm txheej tshiab, thaum yuav luag ntau pua daim cartridges raug tua thaum sib ntaus, nws zoo li muaj coob leej nqa ob rab riam thiab rab phom ntau dhau … tsis muaj laj thawj. Lub sijhawm thaum, Vajtswv txwv tsis pub, kaum tawm daim cartridges raug rho tawm los ntawm ib tug tub rog rau tag nrho kev sib ntaus sib tua, tam sim no tas lawm. Lawv tau sim txo qhov kev suav, khaws cia rau ntawm cov gram, tsuas yog muab cov tub rog ntau daim cartridges, yog li lub tswv yim ntawm lub dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov tseeb hauv lub siab ntawm txawm tias ib txwm muaj kev xav dav dav. Txawm hais tias tsis tam sim thiab tsis nyob txhua qhov chaw …

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Yog li, hauv tebchaws Askiv, lub ntsej muag ntsej muag tau qhia nyob rau xyoo 1854 thiab txawm tias muaj peev xwm koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm Alma thiab Inkerman thaum Tsov Rog Crimean. Cov hniav bayonet kuj tau tshwm sim ntawm Fab Kis Chasspo rab phom (saib cov khoom siv yav dhau los - V. O.), ntxiv rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws.

Raws li ib tsab ntawv xov xwm Askiv sau, pawg neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, thaum pom zoo lub xov tooj cua tshiab no, pom tau tias muaj lub siab qhov tseeb tias txij no mus cov xov tooj cua yuav tsis tshua siv los ua riam phom tua thiab tiv thaiv ntau dua li lub sijhawm ua ntej; yog li ntawd lawv xav hloov lub bayonet qub nrog cov cuab yeej siv dav dua.

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Twb tau rau rab phom "Martini-Henry", tus qauv 1871, rab phom rab phom nrog rab riam nthuav mus rau qhov kawg thiab sawtooth rov qab tau txais. Nws tau ua pov thawj los ua riam phom zoo heev, tab sis nws tau ua tsuas yog hauv qhov me me, txij li nws tau dhau los ua tus nqi kim dua li rab phom tho txawv txawv.

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Tom qab ntawd, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1875, rab phom phom-pom tau saws rau Snyder phom ntev (phom loj carbine) raws li qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tua phom loj, ntxiv rau cov sappers thiab … cov tub rog tua tsiaj, txij li nrog nws pab nws muaj peev xwm ua tau … nyuj rau nqaij!

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Thawj lub xov tooj cua zoo li no tau txais los ntawm lub xeev German hauv xyoo 1865; txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, kwv yees li 5% ntawm rab koob xov tooj cua tau ntxiv nrog cov saw pom. Hauv Belgium, cov xov tooj cua zoo li no tau tshwm sim xyoo 1868, hauv Great Britain thawj qhov piv txwv - hauv 1869, hauv Switzerland - xyoo 1878 (tus qauv kawg xyoo 1914). Tus thawj "pom rov qab" bayonets tau tsim rau cov neeg nqa khoom, thiab rau qee qhov ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm tus xov tooj cua nws tus kheej yog qib thib ob rau ntawm "cuab yeej". Tom qab ntawd, German "pom bayonets" dhau los ua qhov ntsuas ntawm qib ntawm lawv tus tswv ntau dua li pom kev ua haujlwm. Thiab nws tsis yooj yim heev rau pom nrog cov tes tuav. Yog li ntawd, nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws, xyoo 1900, sawtooth bayonets tau tso tseg. Cov tub rog German tau nres siv lub nraub qaum rov tom qab xyoo 1917 - thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog tom qab lub zej zog hauv ntiaj teb tawm tsam qhov tseeb tias cov hniav ua rau ua rau mob hnyav uas tsis tsim nyog thaum siv ua lub tsaj phom ruaj khov.

Txawm li cas los xij, ob-edged blades riam tau siv dav heev. Cov no yog: British Mk2 bayonet ntawm 1888 rau rab phom "Lee-Metford" (thawj rab phom loj, tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm tebchaws Askiv), Askiv rab phom ntev ntev nrog rab hneev (ploj tom qab 1913) 1907 rau "rab phom me me" Lee-Enfield "thiab txawm tias … lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej ntawm tub ceev xwm German Nazi xyoo 1940. Cov tom kawg tsis muaj qhov zawj ntawm tus kov, tsis muaj lub latch, uas yog, nws yooj yim heev tsis tuaj yeem txuas rau rab phom, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes nws muaj lub taub hau dav dawb hau zoo nkauj ntawm tus tuav, thiab tus kov nws tus kheej tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsiaj reindeer!

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Txij li xyoo 1870, Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog tau tsim cov hneev nti-hneev rau cov tub rog tub rog raws li kev tsim qauv ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Edmund Rice, thiab cov hneev tes zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem raug ntaus thiab siv ua cov cuab yeej khawb, tab sis kuj siv … rau plastering phab ntsa; thiab ntse ntawm ib sab, nws tuaj yeem txiav cov pas nrig thiab pegs kom teeb tsa lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub. Qhov tseeb, xyoo 1881 qhov "spatula bayonet" tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog.

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Txij xyoo 1899 txog 1945, Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau siv rab phom ntev (25.4 cm) ntev nrog rab phom "hom 30" ntawm rab phom Arisaka ntev heev. Pom tseeb, qhov no tau ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau kev loj hlob thiab qhov ntev me me ntawm caj npab ntawm cov tub rog Nyij Pooj.

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Bayonet-epee (uas tau poob lub shackle nrog tus nuv) ntawm Fabkis rab phom Lebel kuj tseem ntev heev, uas tseem ntev heev hauv nws tus kheej. Qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj siv nws hauv qhov nqes hav nrog lub bayonet txuas, tab sis nws tau pab ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv uas cov tub rog Fabkis tau mus rau thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg.

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Cov tub rog Fab Kis tau txais lub xov tooj cua no hauv xyoo 1886, thiab nws qhov ntev yog 52 cm, vim qhov ntawd qhov ntev ntawm rab phom thiab rab phom ntev yog 1.8 m. tus qauv 1898. tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm rab phom nrog lub xov tooj cua tau tig los ua 1.75 m, uas yog, nws tsis zoo rau Fab Kis ib qho me ntsis.

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Xyoo 1905, Cov tub rog German tau saws kom luv dua 37 cm ntev bayonet Seitengewehr 98/06 rau cov tub rog engineering, thiab xyoo 1908 kuj tseem muaj Karabiner Model 1898AZ rab phom luv, uas tau tsim tawm hauv qhov tsawg rau cov tub rog, phom loj thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb. Cov phom ntev ntev "Mauser 98" tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam raws li cov tub rog me me tseem ceeb. Ntxiv mus, Cov tub rog German txuas ntxiv txhawb txhua txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim ntawm kev swb cov yeeb ncuab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog hluav taws nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem nrog cov xov tooj cua. Kev kawm txuj ci bayonet tau sib npaug nrog kev muaj peev xwm tua kom raug. Ib txoj kev qhia txuj ci zoo kawg tau tsim los, uas tom qab tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ntau lwm lub xeev, suav nrog Asmeskas cov tub rog, nyob qhov twg ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg ib rab phom ntev 40.6 cm tau siv nrog rab phom Springfield.

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Ua ntej tsov rog, peb hom riam phom bayonet tau tsim. Thawj qhov zoo ib yam li rab phom nyob saum rab phom Baker (sab xis). Qhov thib ob yog rau M88 thiab M98 Mauser phom nrog rab phom sib tsoo hauv qab lub thoob thiab T-puab qhov rau tus pin hauv tus kov. Nrog rau sab nrawm siv lub nplhaib nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig, uas tus tuav tes tuav tau muab tso rau hauv lub thoob, thaum nws pommel tau tsau rau nws siv T-puab protrusion ntawm lub thoob thiab qhov sib thooj profile hauv tus kov. Thaum kawg, lub dav hlau hauv qab lub thoob zoo ib yam li 1914 Enfield phom ntev, thaum lub xov tooj cua tau txuas nrog hauv qab lub thoob tib yam nkaus li German Mauser bayonet, tab sis kuj tseem nyob tom qab lub nplhaib ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm sab xub ntiag pom.

Hauv Lavxias cov tub rog huab tais, rab koob koob tetrahedral tau siv ib txwm muaj, uas tau txuas rau hauv lub thoob siv lub tes tsho nrog L-puab qhov zawj. Nws raug txwv tsis pub tshem tawm, vim tias rab phom tau tua nrog rab phom. Txawm li cas los xij, yog li lub bayonet tsis cuam tshuam, nws feem ntau raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso dua, tig lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej.

Pom zoo: