Yav dhau los, kev txhim kho foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw tsim khoom lag luam tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tub rog. Xav txog qhov kev hem thawj ntawm yav tom ntej, lub tebchaws muaj zog tau npaj siab tiag tiag rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv orbits thiab txawm tias tsim riam phom tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies, USSR muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tub rog chaw nres tsheb chaw "Almaz", ntawm lub nkoj uas yog "Shield-1" kev siv phom loj-thawj zaug thiab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws yam.
Txoj haujlwm zais cia
Raws li paub cov ntaub ntawv, riam phom rau chaw nres tsheb chaw tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov seventies thiab sim hauv 1974-75. Txawm li cas los xij, tau ntev tom qab ntawd, cov haujlwm "Almaz" thiab "Shield-1" tseem tsis pub leej twg paub. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo cuaj caum, cov ntaub ntawv sib cais tau pib tshwm sim, tab sis lawv tso cai tsuas yog cov duab dav dav tshaj plaws los kos.
Txog tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tshwm sim. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias ib qho qauv (lossis qauv) ntawm cov phom loj tau pom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseem tsis tiav thiab qee zaum sib cav sib ceg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhib cov ntaub ntawv twb tso cai nthuav tawm cov hom phiaj, kev nce qib thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Nws tau paub tias kev txhim kho Shield-1 cov khoom tau ua tiav ntawm OKB-16 (tam sim no KB Tochmash) nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm A. E. Nudelman. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj kev teeb tsa phom loj tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog siv rau ntawm lub dav hlau.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub dav hlau tub rog tshiab tau tsim, thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus ntshai heev ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm. Siv lawv lub dav hlau, cov yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis ua kom puas rau Soviet lub hnub qub lossis chaw nres tsheb nyob ib puag ncig. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev hem thawj, nws tau thov kom siv qee yam riam phom. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho rab phom me me uas tsis siv neeg tau ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd nws tau thov kom tsim lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv
Tau ntev, tsuas yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj rau cov dav hlau tau paub. Nws kuj tseem paub tias lub kaw lus no muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 23 hli thiab tau ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov phom uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog ib feem ntawm "Shield-1" tuaj yeem siv cov khoom NR-23 lossis R-23 tsim los ntawm OKB-16.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2015, Zvezda TV channel tau ua khoom plig zoo rau txhua tus neeg nyiam siv tshuab thev naus laus zis thiab rab phom loj. Hauv qhov teeb meem tom ntej ntawm "Kev Txais Tub Rog" txoj haujlwm, thawj zaug, lawv tau pom qhov kev sim (lossis thuam) tus qauv ntawm cov phom loj rau lub dav hlau ntawm "Almaz" series. Ib qho ntxiv, qee cov ntsiab lus tsim tau nthuav tawm hauv kev sib kis.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm Kev Txais Tub Rog tau tsis meej pem. Txoj haujlwm tau teb qee cov lus nug, tabsis tshuav qhov tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub npe, mos txwv, tsim, thiab lwm yam. tsis sib haum rau cov ntaub ntawv paub txog riam phom hauv tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntawm cov ncauj lus tau nce ntxiv.
Riddles los ntawm Zvezda
Hauv TV program, rab phom qhov chaw tau xaiv ua R-23M "Kartech". Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub npe no, kev hloov pauv ntawm P-23 lub dav hlau phom loj tshwm rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom ua tau zoo ua tiav-buckshot. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv TV program, cov npe khoom zoo li tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm tus tsim tawm.
Cov yam ntxwv tshaj tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog xav paub. Cov phiaj xwm TV tau hais tias nws muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 14.5 mm thiab qhia pom qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 5000 rds / min. Txhua yam no tsis zoo ib yam li tus yam ntxwv ntawm R-23, yog tias nws tsis yog teeb meem ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab.
Ua ke nrog kev teeb tsa phom, cov kab mos txwv tau pom. Nws tau sib cav hais tias ib lub tshuab tsom iav tsom iav uas tsis muaj qhov projectile tau tsim tau rau rab phom qhov chaw, zoo ib yam li 23x260 mm khoom rau R-23 rab phom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov mos txwv uas pom tau pom tsawg dua 23 hli puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau npaj meej rau lub hom phiaj ua riam phom, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub thawv ntawv thiab kab noj.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv TV qhia ua rau muaj lus nug, tab sis kev ua qauv qhia ntawm cov khoom tiag yog tsim nyog qhuas thiab ua tsaug. Ua ntej "Kev Txais Tub Rog", qhov tseeb ntawm qhov riam phom qhov chaw tseem tsis tau paub.
Khoom los ntawm qhov screen
Xav txog kev teeb tsa qhia los ntawm Zvezda, ob qho tib si tag nrho thiab nws tus kheej cov khoom. Hmoov zoo, qhov khoom raug iab liam "Shield-1" tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub xeev tau sib sau ua ke thiab ib feem tau muab pov tseg, uas tso cai rau kev kawm zoo dua ntawm nws.
Cov phom loj suav nrog ntau qhov tseem ceeb. Nov yog rab phom tsis siv neeg nws tus kheej, thav duab rau nws nce thiab txhais tau tias ua haujlwm nrog cov mos txwv. Qhov teeb tsa ntawm kev teeb tsa yog nthuav. Cov thav duab nrog rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv qab, thiab ib lub thawv uas muaj cov duab sib dhos tau teeb tsa rau saum lawv, uas muaj daim kab xev siv. Lub tes tsho nthuav tawm los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub npov, uas pub kab xev rau riam phom. Ntawm sab laug ntawm rab phom muaj ib daim ntawv qhia ib puag ncig nruj rau daim kab xev. Ntawm sab xis yog cov kav xa dej rau kev tshem cov kab tawm mus rau tom ntej.
Nco qab tias qhov yooj yim R-23 yog rab phom tsis siv neeg tig nrog peb chav txav chaw. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov chav nyob yog nyob tom qab ntawm tus txais, thiab daim kab xev txais tau muab tso rau saum lub breech ntawm lub thoob. Lub tshuab siv hluav taws xob siv lub kaw lus ntawm peb lub tshuab roj ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm hom telescopic tau pub rau hauv chav nrog hloov rov qab; lub tes tsho tau muab pov rau pem hauv ntej. Ignition tau nqa tawm siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb ua rau nws txo qis qhov hnyav thiab qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom thaum tau txais cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus.
Pom tseeb, lub tsev khaws phom phom hauv lub tsev tiag tiag muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 14.5 hli. Hauv qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog rab phom tshuab rab phom loj, ua los ntawm rab phom R-23. Cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb tau khaws cia, tab sis cov khoom lag luam tau ntsuas rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 14.5 hli - thiab tib lub sijhawm siv lub tshuab tsom iav tsom iav raws li hom uas twb muaj lawm 23x260 hli. Qhov kev tsim qauv no tuaj yeem qhia qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qib 5 txhiab rds / min.
Raws li paub cov ntaub ntawv, "Shield-1" rab phom yuav tsum tau nruj nruj nrog lub dav hlau thauj khoom. Kev qhia riam phom tau ua los ntawm kev txav txav thiab tig tag nrho lub nkoj. Nws tau thov kom them nyiaj rov qab ntawm kev siv riam phom nrog cov cav tawg. Kev tswj hwm tau ua tiav siv cov tswj vaj huam sib luag cais ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub nkoj thauj khoom.
Cannon hauv orbit
Cov ntaub thaiv npog-1 cov khoom tau npaj rau chaw nres tsheb Almaz. Tsuas yog tus qauv ntawm kev teeb tsa tau teeb tsa ntawm Almaz-2 chaw nres tsheb, tseem hu ua Salyut-3. Qhov pib ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb no tau tshwm sim rau Lub Rau Hli 26, 1974. Ob peb hnub tom qab, lub dav hlau Soyuz tau tawm mus rau Almaz-2 nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm P. R. Popovich thiab Yu. P. Artyukhin.
Rau ntau qhov laj thawj, lub phom phom tsis tau sim nrog cov neeg coob. Kev tua tsuas yog ua tiav thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1975 - thiab ncaj qha rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm "Salyut -3" los ntawm lub hnub qub. Twb tau tom qab tshaj tawm lub zog nres, kev teeb tsa, ntawm kev hais kom ua hauv av, tau tua ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Dhau ob peb feeb tom ntej no, tsab ntawv tau hlawv tawm hauv cov txheej tuab ntawm huab cua nrog rau cov neeg nqa khoom.
Qhov chaw tsis muaj phom
Thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa Shchit-1 tau tshwm sim xyoo 1975. Qhov kev txhim kho no tsis tau txais kev txhim kho ntxiv. Txog lub sijhawm no, Txoj Haujlwm Shield-2 tau pib, lub hom phiaj uas yog los tsim kev tiv thaiv tus kheej raws li lub foob pob-mus-rau qhov chaw. Raws li peb paub, qhov nyuaj no tsis tau coj los sim tiag.
Sijhawm dhau los, cov tub rog tau hloov kho lawv cov phiaj xwm rau kev siv chaw sab nrauv thiab, ntawm lwm yam, tso tseg kev siv riam phom ntawm lub dav hlau. Kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm rab phom lossis foob pob hluav taws rau lub hnub qub thiab chaw nres tsheb tau raug tso tseg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev teeb tsa Shchit-1 / R-23M / Kartech tseem yog ib qho ntawm nws yam. Txog rau hnub tim, tsis muaj riam phom nyob hauv qhov chaw. Txawm tias rab phom tsis raug cais los ntawm NAZ cov neeg ya dav hlau.
Yuav luag 45 xyoos tau dhau mus txij li thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg ntawm kev sim phom phom. Txog tam sim no, keeb kwm ua tiav thiab raug ntawm Shield-1 txoj haujlwm tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau sau me ntsis ntawm ntsis, tshuaj xyuas ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab tshem tawm qee qhov ntawm lawv. Nws tseem cia siab tias yav tom ntej, cov foob pob hluav taws hauv tsev thiab qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv phom loj tseem yuav tham txog ib qho ntawm cov phiaj xwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab teb cov lus nug ntxiv. Txoj haujlwm "Shield-1" thiab lwm yam kev txhim kho siab tawv yog qhov nthuav heev thiab tseem ceeb rau keeb kwm kom tsis txhob hnov qab.
