Hauv pab tub rog Cuban, thev naus laus zis tsis muaj hnub nyoog
"Hauv xiav Antillean Hiav Txwv, Caribbean kuj tseem hu nws, nplawm los ntawm qhov chaw siab phem, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ua npuas dej qhib, Teb chaws Cuba sways ntawm daim duab qhia chaw: tus nab nab nab ntsuab ntsuab nrog lub qhov muag zoo li pob zeb ntub," kws sau paj huam Nicholas Guillen pleev xim rau Island of Liberty. Thiab Washington ceeb toom: "Tab sis koj, tus neeg raug kaw hauv hiav txwv sawv ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas muaj zog los ntawm ntug hiav txwv, nco ntsoov lub hmuv siab ci, nplaim taws ntawm tus nplaig nplaim taws thiab tus nabqaum uas tau sawv los rub cov pob txha tawm ntawm daim duab qhia chaw!" Tus nabqaib thaum kawg sawv thaum pib xyoo 1959, thiab Soviet Union tau pab nws nrhiav tus ntse.
Teb chaws Cuba tau dhau los ua tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm USSR hauv qab rog hauv Tebchaws Meskas, uas tau ntsib kev poob siab loj nyob rau xyoo 1962 los ntawm Lavxias cov foob pob hluav taws nrog lub taub hau nuclear, uas nws pib ua haujlwm - txawm tias luv luv - nyob ntawm cov xibtes hav zoov ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab.
Kev sib cav rau kev tawm tsam
Nruab nrog dab tsi yog hu ua Soviet riam phom rau cov hniav, Teb chaws Cuba's Revolutionary Armed Forces (RVS) tau dhau los ua qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv Latin America. Txog xyoo 1961, Castro cov tub rog tau hla dhau tag nrho lwm lub xeev Central thiab South American ua ke los ntawm kev siv lub zog tiv thaiv, tau txais 150 peb caug plaub-plaub, 41 hnyav IS-2s thiab ntau rab phom SU-100 uas yog tus kheej. Lawv ua lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv xyoo 1961 thaum swb ntawm Gusanos tsaws hauv Hiav Txwv Npua. Lawv hais tias Fidel nws tus kheej tsoo ib lub nkoj nruab nrog CIA nrog lub hom phiaj tua los ntawm SU-100, thiab T-34-85 tsis tso cai rau US Navy cov nkoj kom tshem tawm qhov yuav-yog cov neeg tawm tsam kev tawm tsam uas tau sim khiav tawm ntawm cov kob. Tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm yav dhau no, tsib lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam M41 "Walker Bulldog", uas Yankees muab cov "Gusanos", zoo li tsis muaj qab hau. Thiab qhov tshem tawm Batista plaub xyoos ua ntej tau muab ntau npaum li xya qhov nruab nrab Shermans, uas thaum kawg poob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab (tawm tsam leej twg lawv xav tau). Ib ntawm cov Shermans nrog kev yeej Fidel nkag mus rau Havana tuaj yeem pom ntawm Cuban ib tus lej peso.
Yav tom ntej, cov cuab yeej siv ntawm pab tub rog Cuban nrog Soviet thiab ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog European sab hnub tuaj tsuas yog nce ntxiv. Cov koom pheej tau txais lub dav hlau sib ntaus muaj zog thiab "tom" navy nrog lub nkoj-rau-nkoj foob pob riam phom (thawj hauv Latin America). Cov tub rog Soviet tau thim tawm ntawm Tebchaws Cuba thaum kawg ntawm Cuban qhov teeb meem ntsaum sab laug Fidel txawm tias cov cuab yeej txawv txawv li FKR-1 hauv av-rau-hauv chav kawm, siv tsuas yog lub taub hau nuclear rau lawv. Cubans nyiam nqa cov khoom plig no ntawm kev ua yeeb yam.
Los ntawm nruab nrab-80s, ntau dua 200 txhiab tus RVS muaj ntau dua 600 lub tso tsheb hlau luam (raws li qee qhov chaw, txog 900)-los ntawm lub teeb PT-76 mus rau nruab nrab T-62, ntau pua tus tub rog uas muaj tub rog thiab tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, muaj rab phom loj ntawm muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 152 mm suav nrog, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua hluav taws, txog 170 tus neeg sib ntaus (MiG-17, MiG-19, MiG-21, MiG-23), peb lub diesel submarines ntawm Project 641, ob peb (tom qab peb) tshwj xeeb tsim nyob rau hauv Zelenodolsk rau kev xa tawm cov nkoj tshiab saib xyuas ntawm Project 1159T thiab peb lub kaum os lub nkoj nkoj ntawm cov phiaj xwm 183R, 205 thiab 205U. Cov tub rog Cuban tau qhia txog kev qhia tau zoo hauv Angola thiab Ethiopia, ua cov haujlwm sib ntaus hauv kev nyiam ntawm Pax Sovietica. Hauv ib lo lus, nws tseem yog qhov sib tsoo nyob hauv lub nroog Pax Americana thiab muaj zog ntau dua li lwm cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv Warsaw Pact (peb yuav tso cov lus nug ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Pax Sovietica li cas yog nyob rau sab nraud ntawm kab lus no).
Nrog txoj kev, Havana tau daws nws cov teeb meem los ntawm kev quab yuam. Yog li, xyoo 1977, Dominicans tsis ntev ntev nrog kev tso cov neeg raug kaw yog Cuban cov neeg pej xeem lub nkoj: tom qab lub dav hlau ya mus ntawm kaum ob MiG-21s, uas tau txais los ntawm Island of Freedom, ua rau lawv poob peev, Santo Domingo, sai revived kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov koom pheej tsawb.
Kulibins tsis xav tau
Kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR tau mob hnyav tshwj xeeb rau huab cua thiab tub rog ntawm Cuba. Qhov tsis muaj cov khoom seem, cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv yooj yim niaj hnub ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tau hnov zoo los ntawm cov tub rog hauv av.
Tab sis Cubans tsis tso tseg. Niaj hnub no, Kev ywj pheej Island tsis yog tsuas yog kev ua yeeb yam tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Asmeskas autoclassics, tab sis kuj yog lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, tseem "vintage". Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai npaum li cas Cubans tswj hwm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm qhov hnyav hauv cov khoom tau npaj, uas tsis yog txhua qhov tsim los rau hauv cheeb tsam Kulibins ua nrog lawv li cas. Tsuas muaj ib qho kev piav qhia: txheej txheem Soviet, ob-ntxhais.
Hauv kev ntsuas rau "kev tshem riam phom", qhov tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau txuas ntxiv kev pab lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm Soviet cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, tsim nyog rau siv, txawm hais tias lub tshuab lawv tus kheej tau poob mus rau qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, peb tab tom tham txog kev sib ntaus sib tua BMP-1 (ntauwd nrog rab phom 73-mm "Thunder" thiab ATGM launcher "Baby") thiab 100-mm tank phom D-10T, tshem tawm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab T-54 thiab T-55 … "Sab saum toj" BMP-1 yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tau teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv phom BTR-60PB. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib ob, cov nyom hnyav ntawm cov qauv tsim hauv zos nrog rab phom 100-mm tau teeb tsa ntawm tib lub hauv paus. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub log tsheb BMP tau rov ua dua Soviet kev sim BMP GAZ-50, tsim xyoo 1971 ntawm tib lub chassis thiab nrog tib lub cuab yeej ua rog. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias Malyutka tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws siv los ntawm Cubans tsis yog thawj lub tebchaws Soviet, tab sis, pom tseeb, Suav hloov kho HJ-73C lossis HJ-73D nrog kev qhia ib nrab tsis siv neeg thiab lub taub hau ua ke.
Ntawm qee qhov Cuban BTR-60PBs, lub ru tsev raug txiav tawm tag thiab rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 23-hli ZU-23-2 tau teeb tsa hauv chav tub rog. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog qub ntawm qhib hom BTR-152 tau siv zoo ib yam (qhov no tsis yog Cuban paub ntxiv lawm, tab sis "kev tsim tus kheej" ntawm 152nd, uas yog qhov ntau nyob hauv cov tebchaws ntawm Asia thiab Africa).
Cov cuab yeej siv tub rog Soviet tau pib ua qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv tebchaws Cuba tau ntev-muaj daim duab Fidel Castro nyob rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm BTR-60P, hloov pauv mus rau hauv rab phom tua tus kheej nrog Czechoslovakian 30- mm coaxial automatic phom tiv thaiv dav hlau M53 / 59. Ib feem ntawm BTR-60PB tau nruab nrog ntxaib ntawm 37-hli tsis siv neeg phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
T-34-85 kuj yoog raws ntau hom SPGs. Cov no yog rab phom tua tus kheej nrog 100-mm KS-19 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub platform tig thiab ob qhov sib txawv ntawm 122-mm tus kheej-propelled howitzers raws li D-30A. Hauv ib kis, rab phom tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv lub tank turret nrog cov cuab yeej txiav tawm ua ntej thiab saum toj, hauv lwm qhov, lub turret tau raug tshem tawm, thiab rab phom tau muab tso rau hauv lub log log qhib zoo ib yam li German tus kheej rab phom ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tsim tshwj xeeb, los ntawm kev ntes Fabkis tso tsheb hlau luam (qee yam zoo sib xws los ntawm D -30 thiab "peb caug -plaub" yog ib zaug los ntawm cov neeg Syrians). Qee qhov Cuban T-34-85s tau hloov pauv mus rau 130-mm rab phom tua tus kheej nrog qhib M-46. Kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm "peb caug-plaub" nrog 57-mm ntxaib S-68 los ntawm Soviet ZSU-57-2.
Ob qhov kev hloov kho hauv cheeb tsam ntawm BMP-1 tau pom: lub tank rhuav tshem (hom Cuban "Ferdinand") nrog 100-mm D-10T lub taub hau phom thiab lub tshuab tua hluav taws tus kheej nrog D-30A, kuj tau teeb tsa tom qab ntawm lub hull, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhib sab saum toj armored chamber. Kev txhim kho rab phom tua tus kheej tau ntxiv qhov tsim nyog (los ntawm Latin Asmeskas cov qauv) cov nkoj ntawm Soviet-ua tus kheej-propelled howitzers (40 122 mm Gvozdik thiab 152 mm Akatsy).
Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho. Cov Cubans nyiam cov tsheb thauj tub rog KrAZ-255B. Ib tsev neeg ntawm Jupiter tau siv phom tua tus kheej tau tsim ntawm lawv lub cev. Muaj cov piv txwv zoo sib xws hauv keeb kwm: piv txwv li, hauv 30s, 76-mm SU-12 ntawm lub chassis ntawm peb-qag GAZ-AAA tau txais los ntawm Red Army.
Thawj tiam Jupiters tau nruab nrog rab phom 130-mm M-46 thiab 122-mm D-30A howitzer. Hauv lub cim thib ob, lub chassis nws tus kheej tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb-nws tau ua ob lub tsheb tavxij raws li MAZ-543. Ntawm lub platform ntawm "Jupiters" tau teeb tsa ob lub M-46 thiab Soviet 122-mm cannon A-19 ntawm 1931/1937 tus qauv, uas tau txais cua thib ob, cuam tshuam nrog tus kheej-propelled version, tsim nyog tsim los ntawm Cubans nrog ob chav chav muzzle nres ntawm D-30A tus qauv.
Lwm qhov kev txhim kho hauv nroog yog 120-mm mortar raws li BRDM-2. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog heev. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tua ntau ntawm lub tsheb nraub qaum, tab sis los ntawm kev npaj tshwj xeeb BRDM-2 ntawm lub sijhawm.
Ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev siv phom loj hauv qhov qub, Cubans tsis hnov qab txog kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv huab cua. Lawv tau hloov lub chaw ib nrab S-75 thiab S-125 rau hauv tus kheej lub zog, tso cov foob pob tawg rau ntawm T-55 platform. Rau tus kheej-txhawb nqa ntawm S-125, lub tsheb thauj khoom thauj tshiab raws li PT-76 kuj tau tsim. Ntawm no, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg, Cubans tsis yog cov tho kev. Cov neeg Suav tau tsim lawv tus kheej-propelled tracked versions ntawm C-75 (HQ-2B ntawm lub chassis tshwj xeeb), C-125-los ntawm tus ncej (Newa SC nyuaj raws T-55, zoo li nco txog ntawm Cuban ib qho), thiab ntawm lub tsheb tsheb lawv muaj nyob hauv North Kauslim (piv txwv li, C-125 rau KrAZ-255B).
Trawler Nyoob hoom qav taub
Soviet BM-21 Grad, BM-14 thiab BM-24 tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws. Tab sis kuj muaj piv txwv. Yav dhau los tus kheej-propelled launcher ntawm Strela-1 anti-aircraft missile system (raws li BRDM-2) tshwm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Canimar-57".mm unguided rockets S-5. Kev siv "eres" yog qhov dav heev hauv txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, suav nrog hauv thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los USSR.
Txoj kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm Cuba lub RVS yog MLRS, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub tsheb lub tsheb thiab tiv thaiv submarine 212-mm 12-barreled foob pob hluav taws RBU-6000 "Smerch-2". Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm thev naus laus zis, pom tseeb, tau tshwm sim tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm peb lub nkoj ntawm 1159T txoj haujlwm, txhua tus muaj ob RBU-6000. Yog li peb tuaj yeem xav tias RVS muaj lub roj teeb ntawm rau li ntawm MLRS, txawm hais tias tseem muaj cov khoom ntawm RSL-60 foob pob hluav taws tob, nrog rau cov Cubans tau npaj ua phem rau yeeb ncuab av.
Kev tshem tawm los ntawm lub nkoj, pom tseeb vim yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm txhua qhov Project 1159T cov nkoj loj (ib qho ntawm lawv tau muag tom qab kev tso cai rau qee lub tuam txhab ntiag tug uas tau nyab nws ze Cayman Islands rau kev lom zem ntawm kev nyiam dhia dej) ua rau Cuban Navy ntau dua lossis tsawg dua cov nkoj loj. Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, cov neeg khav theeb tau ua "kev hloov chaw", muaj riam phom 3200-tuj loj nuv ntses nuv ntses "Rio Damuji" ntawm Spanish kev tsim xyoo 1972. Nws muaj ob lub thawv ntim ib lub foob pob P-20 tiv thaiv lub nkoj xa khoom (xa tawm P-15U), tshem tawm ntawm qhov haujlwm qub 205U lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws, phom loj nrog 100-mm D-10T lub tank phom, lub nkoj 25 hli ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tshuab 2M3 thiab 12, 7 -hli tshuab rab phom DShK. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov ntawd, muaj tus pab cuam nyob ntawm tus neeg nuv ntses. Yog lawm, ntawm ib sab, nws tau tawm dab ntxwg nyoog paub dab tsi, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, Teb chaws Cuba tau qhia txog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev sib sau ua ke lub nkoj nuv ntses. Tom qab ntawd, paub txog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tank phom rau lub nkoj, Cov Neeg Cubans tau hloov nws nrog 57-hli ntxaib AK-725 lub tshuab siv phom tsis siv neeg tshem tawm los ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm Project 206M hydrofoil torpedo nkoj (cuaj chav nyob tau xa mus rau Cuba los ntawm Soviet Union) xyoo 1979-1983).
Ib daim ntawv thov uas tsis tau xav txog kuj tau pom rau OTA-53-206M ib leeg-raj torpedo tubes raug tshem tawm ntawm cov nkoj no. Cov Cubans tau teeb lub raj torpedo rau ntawm ib hom catamarans ua los ntawm lub nkoj tsav (tsawg kawg yog ob ntawm cov "nkoj torpedo" tau paub). Thiab cov neeg txawv tebchaws soj ntsuam qhia tias lawv pom lub nkoj nruab nrab nruab nrab hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj Havana. Xav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Cuba thiab DPRK, uas tau dhau los ua txuj ci hauv kev tsim cov menyuam mos, tej zaum.
Ntawm yuav luag ob lub kaum lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws ntawm cov phiaj xwm 205 thiab 205U, tau muab pub rau USSR xyoo 1972-1982, tsuas yog rau qhov tseem nyob hauv cov tub rog Cuban. Cov tub rog hais kom txiav txim siab tso lub P-20 lub foob pob hluav taws tshem tawm ntawm lub nkoj uas tsis tau tso rau ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nrog xws li Bandera complexes (ua lus Mev), ntxiv rau cov uas twb muaj lawm Soviet tus kheej tiv thaiv lub nkoj tiv thaiv lub nkoj " Roob ".
Hauv ib lo lus, Cuban Cov Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tub Rog Tub Rog yuav tsis tso lawv txoj haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam. Thiab thaum qhov xav tau ceev rau kev tsim kho riam phom ntxiv ploj mus, Vajtswv paub.
