Hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, "Cossacks hauv Great Patriotic War," nws tau qhia tias, txawm hais tias txhua qhov kev thuam thiab kev ua phem ntawm Bolsheviks tawm tsam Cossacks, feem ntau ntawm Soviet Cossacks tiv thaiv lawv txoj haujlwm patriotic thiab koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog ntawm sab ntawm Red Army hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj. Feem ntau ntawm Cossacks uas pom lawv tus kheej hauv kev ntoj ke mus los kuj tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, ntau Cossacks-cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau tawm tsam hauv Allied pab tub rog thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Ntau Cossacks, tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm pab tub rog Dawb uas pom lawv tus kheej raug ntiab tawm, yeej ntxub Bolsheviks. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nkag siab tias thaum tus yeeb ncuab sab nraud nkag rau thaj av ntawm koj cov poj koob yawm txwv, kev sib txawv ntawm nom tswv poob lawv lub ntsiab lus. General Denikin teb rau German qhov kev thov rau kev koom tes: "Kuv tau tawm tsam nrog Bolsheviks, tab sis tsis tau nrog cov neeg Lavxias. Yog tias kuv tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv pab tub rog liab, kuv yuav qhia cov neeg German!" Ataman Krasnov ua raws li txoj haujlwm sib txawv: "Txawm hais tias nrog dab ntxwg nyoog, tab sis tawm tsam Bolsheviks." Thiab nws tau koom tes tiag tiag nrog dab ntxwg nyoog, nrog Nazis, nws lub hom phiaj yog los rhuav tshem peb lub tebchaws thiab peb cov neeg. Ntxiv mus, raws li qhov xwm txheej feem ntau, los ntawm kev hu xov tooj rau sib ntaus Bolshevism, General Krasnov sai sai no tau hu xov tooj mus tua cov neeg Lavxias. Ob xyoos tom qab pib ua tsov rog, nws tau hais tias: "Cossacks! Nco ntsoov, koj tsis yog neeg Lavxias, koj yog Cossacks, yog cov neeg ywj pheej. Cov neeg Lavxias tau tawm tsam koj. Moscow yeej ib txwm ua yeeb ncuab ntawm Cossacks, raug tsim txom thiab siv dag zog yuam. Tam sim no lub sijhawm tau los txog thaum peb, Cossacks, tuaj yeem tsim nws lub neej ywj pheej ntawm Moscow. " Kev koom tes nrog Nazis uas rhuav tshem cov neeg Lavxias, cov neeg Ukrainian thiab Belarusians, Krasnov ntxeev siab rau peb cov neeg. Muaj lus cog tseg rau Hitler lub Tebchaws Yelemees, nws ntxeev siab rau peb lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tuag rau nws thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1947 yog qhov ncaj ncees. Cov lus hais txog qhov xwm txheej loj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Cossacks-cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau ib sab ntawm pab tub rog German hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog kev dag loj heev! Hauv kev muaj tiag, ua ke nrog Krasnov, tsuas yog qee tus atamans thiab qee tus lej ntawm Cossacks thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau hla mus rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Txhuv. 1. Yog tias cov neeg German tau yeej, peb txhua tus yuav tau tsav tsheb zoo li "Mercedes"
Great Patriotic War tau dhau los ua kev nyuaj siab rau txhua tus neeg Soviet. Tsov rog nthuav tawm ntau yam ntawm lawv nrog kev xaiv nyuaj. Thiab Hitlerite tsoomfwv tau ua tiav qhov kev sim ua tiav los siv qee yam ntawm cov neeg no (suav nrog Cossacks) hauv kev nyiam ntawm kev nyiam kev ntseeg. Tsim cov tub rog los ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb txawv teb chaws, Hitler ib txwm tawm tsam tawm tsam kev tsim cov chav Lavxias hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm Wehrmacht. Nws tsis ntseeg cov neeg Lavxias. Saib ua ntej, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog qhov raug: xyoo 1945, 1st faib ntawm KONR (Vlasovites) tsis tau tso cai thim tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab mus rau sab hnub poob kom swb rau Anglo-Americans, nthuav tawm German pem hauv ntej. Tab sis ntau tus thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht tsis qhia txoj haujlwm ntawm Fuhrer. Cov tub rog German, txav mus los ntawm thaj chaw USSR tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Tawm tsam qhov rov qab los ntawm xyoo 1941 kev sib tw Lavxias, Kev tshaj tawm sab hnub poob tau ua pov thawj kom taug kev yooj yim. Kev sib faib German tau poob qhov hnyav. Lawv tsim nyog muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov. Hauv qhov kev nthuav dav tsis kawg ntawm East European Plain, Landsknechts ntog hauv av, paub txog kev cia siab ntawm kev yeej thiab qhov qab ntawm European kev kov yeej. Cov neeg tua neeg tawv tawv tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev ntxiv, uas tsis muaj qhov ci nyob hauv lawv lub qhov muag. Cov dav dav dav, tsis zoo li cov "parquet" cov thawj coj, tsis saib tsis taus cov neeg Lavxias. Ntau ntawm lawv, los ntawm nqes lossis los ntawm nkhaus, tau pab txhawb kev tsim "chav nyob ib puag ncig" hauv lawv nraub qaum. Lawv nyiam kom cov koom tes sib nrug deb ntawm kab hauv ntej, tso siab rau lawv nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw, kev sib txuas lus thiab "kev ua haujlwm qias neeg" - sib ntaus sib tua ib tog neeg, saboteurs, ib puag ncig cov neeg thiab ua rau txim rau cov pej xeem pej xeem. Lawv raug hu ua "hivi" (los ntawm lo lus German Hilfswilliger, txaus siab pab). Tau tshwm sim hauv Wehrmacht thiab cov chav tsim los ntawm Cossacks.
Thawj chav Cossack tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1941. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no. Kev nthuav dav dav ntawm Lavxias, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev, poob tsheb, teeb meem nrog kev muab roj thiab roj nplua nyeem tsuas yog thawb cov neeg German kom siv nees ntau heev. Hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm German, koj tsis tshua pom ib tus tub rog German nyob ntawm tus nees lossis rab phom rub tus nees: rau lub hom phiaj tshaj tawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau xaj kom tshem tawm cov cav tsheb. Qhov tseeb, Nazis siv nees ntau heev nyob rau xyoo 1941 thiab 1945. Cov tub rog caij nees tsis yooj yim rau kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog. Hauv hav zoov hav zoov, hauv swamps, lawv tau hla lub tsheb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog nyob hauv kev muaj peev xwm hla tebchaws, ntxiv rau, lawv tsis xav tau roj av. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshem tawm "hivi" los ntawm Cossacks uas paub yuav ua li cas thiaj tswj tau nees tsis tau ntsib ib qho teeb meem. Ib qho ntxiv, Hitler tsis suav tias yog Cossacks rau cov neeg Lavxias, nws suav tias lawv yog cov neeg cais, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ostrogoths, yog li kev tsim ntawm Cossack units tsis tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm NSDAP cov neeg ua haujlwm. Yog lawm, thiab muaj ntau yam tsis txaus siab nrog Bolsheviks ntawm Cossacks, txoj cai ntawm kev tshem tawm rov qab, nrhiav los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet tau ntev, ua rau nws xav. Ib qho ntawm thawj hauv Wehrmacht yog chav Cossack raws li cov lus txib ntawm Ivan Kononov. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 22, 1941, tus thawj coj ntawm 436th regiment ntawm 155th phom loj, Loj ntawm Red Army Kononov I. N. tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm, tshaj tawm nws qhov kev txiav txim siab mus rau yeeb ncuab thiab caw txhua tus los koom nrog nws. Yog li Kononov, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm nws lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab ntau tus tub rog Red Army ntawm cov tub rog tau raug kaw. Muaj Kononov "nco qab" tias nws yog tus tub ntawm Cossack Esaul uas raug Bolsheviks dai, tias nws peb tus tij laug tau tuag hauv kev tawm tsam Soviet lub zog, thiab nag hmo tus tswv cuab ntawm All-Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks thiab tub ceev xwm xaj tus neeg nqa khoom tau dhau los ua tus neeg tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev sib cav. Nws tshaj tawm nws tus kheej yog Cossack, tus yeeb ncuab ntawm Bolsheviks thiab muab rau cov neeg German nws cov kev pabcuam hauv kev tsim cov tub rog los ntawm Cossacks npaj los tawm tsam kev tswjfwm kev tswjfwm. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941, tus tub ceev xwm tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm 18th Reich Army, Baron von Kleist, tau thov kom tsim Cossack units uas yuav tawm tsam pab pawg liab. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 6, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, Tus Tuav Haujlwm General E. Wagner, tau kawm txog nws qhov kev thov, tso cai rau cov thawj coj ntawm thaj chaw tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb, Hauv Ntej thiab Sab Qab Teb los tsim Cossack units los ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua rog los siv lawv hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg sab nrauv. Thawj ntawm cov chav no tau teeb tsa raws li kev txiav txim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm thaj chaw tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw, General von Schenckendorff, hnub tim 28 Lub Kaum Hli 1941. Thaum pib, tau tsim pawg tub rog, uas yog cov tub rog ntawm 436th cov tub rog. Squadron tus thawj coj Kononov tau taug kev mus rau POW cov chaw pw hav zoov nyob ze rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntxiv tom qab tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv Cossack faib (1, 2, 3 rd cov tub rog caij nees, 4, 5, 6 lub tuam txhab plastun, cov tshuaj khib thiab cov roj teeb loj). Kev faib faib suav 1,799 tus neeg. Hauv kev pabcuam suav nrog 6 rab phom phom (76, 2 mm), 6 phom tiv thaiv lub tank (45 mm), 12 cug (82 mm), 16 tus pas nrig thiab ntau lub tshuab phom loj, phom thiab phom tshuab. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army, uas tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej Cossacks, yog li ntawd, tab sis cov neeg German tau sim ua kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo li no. Kononov nws tus kheej tau lees tias ntxiv rau Cossacks, uas suav 60% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txhua haiv neeg, suav nrog cov neeg Greek thiab Fab Kis, tau nyob hauv nws cov lus txib. Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1941-1943, kev sib faib tau tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog thiab ncig cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Bobruisk, Mogilev, Smolensk, Nevel thiab Polotsk. Qhov kev faib tau muab lub npe Kosacken Abteilung 102, tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov mus rau Ost. Kos. Abt.600. General von Schenkendorf zoo siab nrog "Kononovtsy", hauv nws phau ntawv muag nws ua rau lawv raws li hauv qab no: "Kev xav ntawm Cossacks yog qhov zoo. Kev npaj sib ntaus yog zoo heev … Tus cwj pwm ntawm Cossacks hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pej xeem hauv zej zog tsis muaj kev hlub tshua.."
Txhuv. 2. Cossack tus koom tes nrog I. N. Kononov
Yav dhau los Don Ataman General Krasnov thiab Kuban Cossack General Shkuro tau dhau los ua tus coj ntawm Cossacks ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim Cossack chav nyob hauv Wehrmacht. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942 Krasnov tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tsis txaus siab rau Cossacks ntawm Don, Kuban thiab Terek, uas nws tau hu lawv kom tawm tsam Soviet kev tswjfwm ntawm ib sab ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Krasnov tshaj tawm tias Cossacks yuav tsis tawm tsam Russia, tab sis tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Cossacks los ntawm "Soviet tus quab". Ib tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm Cossacks koom nrog pab tub rog German thaum cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Cossack cheeb tsam ntawm Don, Kuban thiab Terek. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, 1942, tam sim ntawd tom qab cov neeg German nyob Novocherkassk, pab pawg ntawm Cossack cov koom tes ua haujlwm tau los rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm German cov lus txib thiab qhia lawv qhov kev npaj "los pab cov tub rog German uas muaj zog nrog lawv txhua lub zog thiab kev paub hauv qhov kawg swb ntawm Stalin cov txiv neej. " Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis, hauv Novocherkassk, nrog rau kev tso cai ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ua haujlwm, Cossack tau sib sau ua ke, uas lub hauv paus chaw ntawm Don Army tau raug xaiv (txij li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942 nws tau hu ua lub hauv paus ntawm Campaign Ataman), coj los ntawm Colonel S. V. Pavlov, uas tau pib teeb tsa Cossack units los tawm tsam pab tub rog liab. Los ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb ntawm Don lub zos hauv Novocherkassk, 1st Don Regiment tau teeb tsa raws li cov lus txib ntawm A. V. Shumkov thiab Plastun pawg tub rog, uas yog pab pawg Cossack ntawm phiaj xwm Ataman Colonel S. V. Pavlova. Ntawm Don, 1st Sinegorsk cov tub rog kuj tau tsim, suav nrog 1260 Cossacks thiab cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm tub rog tub rog loj (qub tub rog loj) Zhuravlev. Yog li, txawm hais tias muaj kev tshaj tawm thiab kev cog lus, los ntawm kev pib xyoo 1943 Krasnov tau tswj kom sib sau ua ke tsuas yog ob lub tub rog me me ntawm Don. Ntawm ntau pua ntawm Cossacks, tsim nyob hauv cov zos ntawm Uman chav haujlwm ntawm Kuban, nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog I. I. Salomakhi, kev tsim ntawm 1st Kuban Cossack Cavalry Regiment tau pib, thiab ntawm Terek, ntawm kev pib ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog N. L. Kulakov ntawm 1st Volga Regiment ntawm Terek Cossack Host. Cossack regiments tau teeb tsa hauv Don thiab Kuban thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis 1943 tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev nce qib ntawm pab tub rog Soviet ntawm Seversky Donets, ze Bataysk, Novocherkassk thiab Rostov. Xyoo 1942, Cossack units tau pib tshwm los ua ib feem ntawm Nazi pab tub rog thiab ntawm lwm qhov.
Cossack Cavalry Regiment "Jungschulz" (Regiment von Jungschulz) tau tsim thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942 ua ib feem ntawm 1st Tank Army hauv cheeb tsam Achikulak. Cov tub rog muaj ob pawg tub rog (German thiab Cossack). Cov tub rog tau hais tseg los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel I. von Jungschulz. Txog lub sijhawm nws tau xa mus rau pem hauv ntej, cov tub rog tau ua tiav nrog ob pua pua ntawm Cossacks thiab Cossack pawg tub rog tsim nyob hauv Simferopol. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, 1942, cov tub rog suav nrog 1,530 tus neeg, suav nrog 30 tus tub ceev xwm, 150 tus tub ceev xwm tsis ua haujlwm thiab 1,350 tus neeg ntiag tug, thiab tau ua tub rog nrog 56 lub teeb thiab hnyav tshuab phom, 6 phom, 42 phom tiv thaiv tank, phom thiab phom tshuab.. Txij li thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 1942, Jungschultz cov tub rog tau nyob sab laug ntawm 1st Tank Army hauv cheeb tsam Achikulak-Budyonnovsk, tawm tsam tiv thaiv tub rog Soviet. Thaum pib ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1943, cov tub rog tau thim rov mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob hauv kev coj ntawm lub zos Yegorlykskaya, qhov uas nws koom nrog cov tub rog thib 4 Panzer. Tom qab ntawd, Jungschultz cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm rau pawg 454th kev nyab xeeb thiab xa mus rau tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Don Army.
Lub Rau Hli 13, 1942, Platov Cossack Cavalry Regiment tau tsim los ntawm Cossack Pua pua ntawm 17th German Army. Nws suav nrog 5 pab tub rog tub rog, pab tub rog hnyav, roj teeb phom loj thiab pab tub rog tshwj tseg. Qhov loj ntawm Wehrmacht E. Thomsen tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1942, cov tub rog tau saib xyuas Maikop cov roj av, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1943 nws tau pauv mus rau Novorossiysk. Nyob ntawd, ua ke nrog pab tub rog German thiab Romanian, nws tau ua haujlwm sib tawm tsam. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943, cov tub rog tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm "Kuban tus choj", tshem tawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet amphibious kev ua phem rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Temryuk. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis 1943, cov tub rog tau thim tawm ntawm lub hauv ntej thiab thim rov qab mus rau Crimea.
Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm German cov lus txib ntawm Lub Rau Hli 18, 1942, txhua tus neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua rog uas yog Cossacks los ntawm keeb kwm thiab txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej li ntawd, cov neeg German tau xa mus rau lub yeej rog hauv nroog Slavuta. Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub hlis, 5826 tus neeg ntawm qhov xwm txheej no twb tau mob siab rau ntawm no, thiab kev txiav txim siab tau tsim los ua Cossack corps thiab teeb tsa lub hauv paus chaw nyob. Txij li thaum muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm Cossacks, yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog liab, uas tsis yog Cossacks, tau pib raug xaiv los rau hauv Cossack units. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ntawm kev tsim, 1st Cossack muaj npe tom qab ataman Count Platov tau qhib lub tsev kawm cadet, nrog rau lub tsev haujlwm tsis raug txib. Los ntawm cov muaj nyob ntawm Cossacks, ua ntej tshaj plaws, 1st Ataman Regiment tau tsim los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Baron von Wolf thiab tshwj xeeb tsib caug, npaj ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet lub tsheb. Cossacks uas tau tawm tsam thaum Tsov Rog Zej Tsoom nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm ntawm Generals Shkuro, Mamantov thiab lwm yam Kev Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau xaiv rau nws. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas thiab lim cov khoom tuaj ntxiv, kev tsim ntawm 2nd Life Cossack thiab 3rd Don regiments tau pib, ua raws li 4th thiab 5th Kuban, 6th thiab 7th ua ke Cossack regiments. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, 1942, Cossack units tau pauv los ntawm Slavutinsky camp mus rau Shepetovka mus rau hauv lub tsev khomob tshwj xeeb uas tau xaiv rau lawv. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942, 7 Cossack regiments tau tsim los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim Cossack units hauv Shepetovka. Ob qhov kawg ntawm lawv - 6th thiab 7th koom ua ke Cossack cov tub rog tau xa mus tua cov tub rog nyob rau tom qab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 3. Thaum ib nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis, pawg I thiab II ntawm pawg tub rog thib 6 tau txais cov npe - 622 thiab 623 Cossack cov tub rog, thiab faib I thiab II ntawm 7th - 624 thiab 625 Cossack battalions. Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1943, tag nrho plaub pawg tub rog tau raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Sab Hnub Tuaj 703, thiab tom qab ntawd tau sib sau ua ke rau 750th Sab Hnub Tuaj Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm Major Evert Voldemar von Renteln. Ib tus tub ceev xwm qub ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Lub Neej ntawm Cavalry Regiment ntawm Lavxias Imperial Army, yog neeg xam xaj Estonian, nws koom nrog Wehrmacht xyoo 1939 ua haujlwm pab dawb. Txij thaum pib ua tsov rog, nws tau ua tus txhais lus ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm pawg 5 Panzer Division, uas nws tau tsim ib lub tuam txhab ntawm Lavxias pab dawb. Tom qab Renteln tau teem sijhawm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm plaub pawg tub rog Cossack, lub tuam txhab no raws li lub npe "638th Cossack" tseem nyob ntawm nws tus kheej pov tseg. Cov pa roj carbon emblems hnav los ntawm qee qhov ntawm Renteln cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog tsuas yog qhia tias lawv yog koom nrog 638th lub tuam txhab thiab tau hnav hauv kev nco txog lawv cov kev pabcuam hauv lub tank. Qee qhov ntawm nws qib tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab xub ntiag raws li ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tank, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov paib hauv cov duab rau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tank. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942-Lub Ib Hlis 1943, 622-625 cov tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam Dorogobuzh; thaum Lub Ob Hlis-Lub Rau Hli 1943 hauv cheeb tsam Vitebsk-Polotsk-Lepel. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943, 750th cov tub rog tau xa mus rau Fab Kis thiab muab faib ua ob ntu: 622 thiab 623 cov tub rog nrog 638 lub tuam txhab raws li cov lus txib ntawm Renteln tau suav nrog hauv 708th Infantry Division ntawm Wehrmacht li 750th Cossack Grenadier Regiment (los ntawm Lub Plaub Hlis 1944 - 360th), thiab 624th thiab 625th cov tub rog - hauv 344th Infantry Division raws li pawg tub rog thib peb ntawm 854th thiab 855th Grenadier Regiments. Ua ke nrog cov tub rog German, cov tub rog tau koom nrog tiv thaiv Fabkis ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Bordeaux mus rau Royon. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1944, faib 344th, ua ke nrog Cossack cov tub rog, tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Somme lub qhov ncauj. Thaum Lub Yim Hli-Cuaj Hli 1944, 360th Cossack cov tub rog tau thim rov qab mus rau ciam teb German. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944, thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1945, cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov neeg Amelikas hauv hav zoov dub. Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1945, ua ke nrog Kev Kawm Cossack 5 thiab khaws cia, nws tuaj txog hauv lub nroog Tsvetle (Austria). Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, nws tau suav nrog hauv 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps los tsim thib 3 Plastun Cossack Division, uas tsis tau tsim dua kom txog rau thaum xaus kev ua tsov rog.
Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1943, Wehrmacht muaj txog li 20 Cossack cov tub rog ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab muaj cov lej ntawm cov chav me me, tag nrho cov naj npawb uas tau txog 25 txhiab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kwv yees li ntawm 70,000 Cossacks tau ua haujlwm hauv Wehrmacht, ib feem ntawm Waffen-SS thiab hauv tub ceev xwm pab thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, feem ntau yog cov qub Soviet cov pej xeem uas tau khiav mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog tau tsim los ntawm Cossacks, uas tom qab tau tawm tsam ob leeg ntawm Soviet -German pem hauv ntej thiab tawm tsam Western cov phoojywg - hauv Fab Kis, hauv tebchaws Ltalis, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv cov koomhaum hauv Balkans. Feem ntau ntawm cov chav no tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab pabcuam kev pabcuam, koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam mus rau Wehrmacht chav nyob tom qab, hauv kev rhuav tshem ntawm pawg neeg sib cais thiab cov pej xeem "tsis ncaj ncees" rau Peb Reich, tab sis kuj tseem muaj Cossack units uas Nazis tau sim siv tawm tsam Red Cossacks rau lub hom phiaj kom tom kawg tseem hla mus rau sab ntawm Reich. Tab sis qhov no yog lub tswv yim tawm tsam. Raws li ntau cov lus pov thawj, Cossacks uas yog ib feem ntawm Wehrmacht tau sim kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cav ncaj qha nrog lawv cov kwv tij nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab lawv kuj tau hla mus rau sab ntawm pab tub rog liab.
Ua raws li qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov thawj coj, Hitler thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1942 thaum kawg muab nws tso cai rau tsim ntawm 1st Cossack Cavalry Division. Tus tub rog German tub rog tub rog von Pannwitz tau qhia kom tsim nws los ntawm Kuban thiab Terek Cossacks los tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus ntawm pab tub rog German thiab tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog. Thaum xub thawj, kev faib ua haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm Red Army Cossacks, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov chaw pw hav zoov nyob hauv Kuban. Hauv kev txuas nrog Soviet kev tawm tsam ntawm Stalingrad, kev tsim ntawm kev faib tau raug ncua thiab txuas ntxiv tsuas yog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943, tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm German pab tub rog mus rau Taman Peninsula. Plaub pawg tau tsim: 1st Donskoy, 2nd Tersky, 3rd Consolidated Cossack thiab 4th Kuban, nrog rau tag nrho lub zog txog li 6,000 tus neeg. Qhov kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1943, cov tub rog tau xa mus rau Tebchaws Poland mus rau Milau qhov chaw qhia hauv nroog Mlawa, qhov chaw khaws khoom loj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog Polish tau nyob txij li lub sijhawm ua ntej tsov rog. Cossack cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tub rog, cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb los ntawm thaj av Cossack uas yog cov neeg Nazis pib tuaj txog ntawd. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab hauv ntej Cossack tuaj txog, xws li Platov thiab Yungshultz cov tub rog, Hma thawj ntawm Ataman regiment thiab Kononov's 600th faib. Txhua pawg tuaj txog tau raug tshem tawm, thiab lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tau raug txo qis rau cov tub rog uas yog Don, Kuban, Siberian thiab Tersk Cossack pab tub rog. Tus thawj tswj hwm thiab cov thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog neeg German. Tag nrho cov lus txib saum toj kawg nkaus thiab kev ua lag luam tseem tau tuav los ntawm cov neeg German (222 tus tub ceev xwm, 3,827 tus tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm tsis ua haujlwm). Qhov tshwj xeeb yog chav Kononov. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev kub ntxhov, 600th faib tau khaws nws cov ntawv thiab tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv 5th Don Cossack regiment. Kononov tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj, txhua tus tub ceev xwm tseem nyob hauv lawv cov ntawv. Kev faib tawm yog chav "Russified" tshaj plaws ntawm Wehrmacht kev sib koom tes tsim. Cov tub ceev xwm tseem ceeb, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua caval - tub rog thiab platoons - yog Cossacks, cov lus txib tau muab ua lus Lavxias. Tom qab ua tiav kev tsim thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 1943, Tus Thawj Coj Loj von Pannwitz tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 1st Cossack Cavalry Division. Cov lus yuav tsis tig mus hu Helmut von Pannwitz "Cossack". Ntuj German, ntxiv rau, 100% Prussian, los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov txiv neej tub rog tshaj lij. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 nws tau tawm tsam rau Kaiser ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Tus tswv cuab ntawm Polish phiaj xwm xyoo 1939. Koom nrog hauv cua daj cua dub ntawm Brest, uas nws tau txais Knight's Cross. Nws yog tus txhawb nqa kev nyiam Cossacks rau kev pabcuam ntawm Reich. Thaum dhau los ua tus Cossack dav dav, nws tau hnav lub Cossack yam tsis xws luag: lub kaus mom thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv Circassian nrog cov tub rog, tau saws tus tub ntawm tub rog Boris Nabokov, thiab kawm lus Lavxias.
Txhuv. 3. Helmut von Pannwitz
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis deb ntawm Milau qhov chaw qhia, 5th Cossack kev cob qhia pab tub rog tau tsim los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Colonel von Bosse. Cov tub rog tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke tas mus li, suav nrog Cossacks uas tuaj txog ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob thiab thaj chaw nyob thiab, tom qab kev cob qhia, tau faib tawm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kev faib. Ntawm qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thib 5, tau tsim lub tsev kawm tsis yog tub ceev xwm, uas tau qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau chav sib ntaus. Tsis tas li, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Young Cossacks tau teeb tsa - pab tub rog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau poob lawv niam lawv txiv (ntau pua tus tub rog).
Thaum kawg tsim kev faib tawm suav nrog: lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm nrog ntau pua tus neeg caij tsheb, chav tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws, cov tub rog sib txuas lus maus taus, pawg tub rog tshaj tawm thiab pab pawg tooj dag. Ob pawg tub rog Cossack: 1st Don (1st Don, 2nd Siberian thiab 4th Kuban regiments) thiab 2nd Caucasian (3rd Kuban, 5th Don thiab 6th Tersky regiments). Ob tus tub rog sib ntaus sib tua nees (Donskoy thiab Kuban), ib pab tub rog tshawb nrhiav, pab tub rog caij nkoj, pab tub rog sib txuas lus, faib pawg ntawm cov kev pabcuam kho mob, kev pabcuam kws kho tsiaj thiab khoom siv. Cov tub rog muaj ob pawg tub rog sib faib ntawm peb pawg tub rog (hauv 2nd Siberian regiment, pawg thib 2 yog lub scooter, thiab hauv 5th Don regiment, plastun), tshuab rab phom, tshuaj khib thiab tiv thaiv cov tub rog. Cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm nrog 5 phom tiv thaiv lub tank (50-mm), 14 tus tub rog (81-mm) thiab 54 lub tuam txhab (50-mm) mortars, 8 hnyav thiab 60 lub tshuab phom phom MG-42, German carbines thiab phom tshuab. Kev faib faib suav nrog 18,555 tus neeg, suav nrog 4049 tus neeg German, 14315 Cossacks ntawm cov qib qis thiab 191 tus tub ceev xwm Cossack.
Cov neeg German tau tso cai rau Cossacks hnav lawv cov khaub ncaws ib txwm muaj. Cossacks siv lub kaus mom thiab Kubanks ua khaub ncaws. Papakha yog lub kaus mom plaub ua los ntawm cov plaub dub nrog rau hauv qab liab (rau Don Cossacks) lossis cov plaub dawb nrog rau hauv qab daj (rau Siberian Cossacks). Lub Kubanka, qhia nyob rau xyoo 1936 hauv Red Army, qis dua papakha thiab tau siv los ntawm Kuban (hauv qab liab) thiab Terek (lub teeb xiav hauv qab) Cossacks. Hauv qab ntawm papas thiab kubanks kuj tau txiav nrog cov nyiaj los yog cov nkas loos dawb, nyob ntawm qhov hla. Ntxiv rau lub kaus mom thiab Kuban poj niam, Cossacks hnav khaub ncaws German-style headdresses. Ntawm cov khaub ncaws ib txwm muaj ntawm Cossacks, ib tus tuaj yeem tso npe rau ib lub burka, lub hood thiab lub Circassian. Burka - lub pluab plaub ua los ntawm cov ntxhuav dub lossis tshis plaub hau. Bashlyk yog lub kaus mom sib sib zog nqus nrog ob lub qhov txhab ntev zoo li txoj phuam qhwv caj dab. Circassian - lub tsho sab nrauv dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub hauv siab. Cossacks hnav lub tsho German grey lossis lub tsho ntev hauv cov xim xiav ib txwm. Cov xim ntawm kab txaij txiav txim siab tias yog tus tswv ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Don Cossacks hnav kab txaij liab 5 cm dav, Kuban Cossacks - kab txaij liab 2.5 cm dav, Siberian Cossacks - kab txaij daj 5 cm dav, Terek Cossacks - kab txaij dub 5 cm dav nrog txoj kab nqaim xiav. Thaum xub thawj, Cossacks hnav puag ncig cockades nrog ob tus hla dawb pikes ntawm keeb kwm liab. Tom qab ntawd, loj thiab me me oval cockades tau tshwm sim (rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, feem), pleev xim rau xim tub rog.
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj ua rau thaj tes tsho. Thaum xub thawj, cov kab txaij zoo li cov kab txaij tau siv. Nrog rau sab saud ntawm daim ntaub thaiv muaj cov ntawv sau (Terek, Kuban, Don), thiab hauv qab cov ntawv muaj kab xim kab rov tav: dub, ntsuab thiab liab; daj thiab ntsuab; daj lub teeb xiav thiab liab; feem. Tom qab ntawd, cov kab txaij yooj yim tau tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv, koom nrog cov tub rog Cossack tshwj xeeb tau qhia los ntawm ob tsab ntawv Lavxias, thiab hauv qab no, tsis yog kab txaij, muaj ib lub xwmfab faib los ntawm ob kab pheeb ces kaum ua plaub ntu. Cov xim ntawm sab saud thiab hauv qab thiab sab laug thiab sab xis yog tib yam. Don Cossacks muaj cov xim liab thiab xiav, Terek sawv daws - xiav thiab dub, thiab Kuban sawv daws - liab thiab dub. Cov kab txaij ntawm pab tub rog Siberian Cossack tau tshwm sim tom qab. Siberian Cossacks muaj ntu daj thiab xiav. Ntau Cossacks siv German cockades. Cossacks uas tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tank tau hnav "lub taub hau tuag". Txheem German dab tshos tabs, Cossack dab tshos tab, thiab Sab hnub tuaj legions dab tshos tabs tau siv. Lub xub pwg pluaj kuj txawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Soviet cov khaub ncaws tau siv dav.
Txhuv. 4. Cossacks ntawm 1st Cossack cavalry faib ntawm Wehrmacht
Thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim kev faib, cov neeg German ntsib cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas nrog nws tom ntej?" Tawm tsam qhov kev xav rov ua dua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tau mus rau pem hauv ntej kom sai li sai tau, Nazis tsis siv zog rau qhov no. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv tus piv txwv Kononov cov tub rog, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm Cossacks hla mus rau sab Soviet. Thiab hauv lwm pawg koom tes sib koom tes, lawv hla tsis yog nyob ib leeg, tab sis tseem nyob hauv txhua pab pawg, yav tas los tau tua cov neeg German thiab lawv cov tub ceev xwm. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943, hauv Belarus, pab pawg sib koom ua ke ntau haiv neeg ntawm Gil-Rodionov (2 txhiab tus tib neeg) tau hla mus rau cov neeg koom nrog hauv lub zog tag nrho. Nws yog ib qho xwm txheej ceev nrog cov koom haum txiav txim siab zoo. Yog tias Cossack faib nce thiab hla mus rau sab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, yuav muaj teeb meem ntau ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, twb tau nyob hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev tsim kev faib, cov neeg German tau kawm txog kev ua phem ntawm Cossacks. Hauv qhov thib 3 Kuban cov tub rog, ib tus tub ceev xwm tub rog xa los ntawm Wehrmacht, thaum tshuaj xyuas "nws" pua pua, hu tawm ntawm kev ua Cossack nws tsis nyiam. Ua ntej nws tau cem nws hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawd nws ntaus nws lub ntsej muag. Nws ntaus lub cim tseeb, ua lus German, nrog lub hnab looj tes rub los ntawm nws txhais tes. Cossack uas tau ua txhaum tau ntsiag to tshem nws saber … thiab hauv kev faib muaj ib tus tub ceev xwm German tsawg dua. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws German tau nrawm ib puas: "Russisch Schwein! Leej twg ua qhov no, nqis mus rau tom ntej!" Tag nrho puas tau nqis tes ua. Cov neeg German khawb lawv lub taub hau thiab … tus tub ceev xwm tau "sau tawm" rau cov neeg koom nrog. Thiab xa cov no mus rau Sab Hnub Poob?! Qhov xwm txheej nrog pab tub rog Gil-Rodionov thaum kawg pom kuv li. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1943, tsis yog Sab Hnub Poob, kev faib faib raug xa mus rau Yugoslavia los tawm tsam Tito cov tub rog koom nrog. Nyob ntawd, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Xeev Ywj Pheej ntawm Croatia, Cossacks tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv Tsoomfwv Cov Tub Rog Kev Ywj Pheej ntawm Yugoslavia. Cov lus hais hauv German hauv Croatia sai dhau los ntseeg tias cov tub rog Cossack cov tub rog hauv kev tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog tau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li lawv cov tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm thiab Ustasha tshem tawm. Kev faib haujlwm tau ua tsib txoj haujlwm ywj pheej nyob hauv thaj tsam roob ntawm Croatia thiab Bosnia, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau rhuav tshem ntau qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv thiab tuav lub hauv paus ntawm kev tawm tsam. Ntawm cov pejxeem hauv zos, Cossacks tau txais lawv tus kheej lub koob npe tsis zoo. Raws li cov lus txib ntawm kev hais kom ua kom txaus rau lawv tus kheej, lawv tau siv cov nees, zaub mov thiab khoom noj los ntawm cov neeg ua teb, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj tub sab loj thiab ua phem. Cov zos, cov pejxeem uas xav tias tsis pab pab pawg, tau muab piv rau hauv av los ntawm Cossacks. Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog hauv Balkans, zoo li hauv txhua thaj chaw nyob, tau tawm tsam nrog kev ua phem phem - thiab los ntawm ob sab. Ib feem ntawm kev txav chaw hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev faib ntawm von Pannwitz sai sai thiab ploj mus. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev ua phem rau cov neeg sab nrauv thiab cov pej xeem hauv zej zog. Serbs, Bosnians thiab Croats ntxub thiab ntshai Cossacks.
Txhuv. 5. Cossack tub ceev xwm hauv hav zoov ntawm Croatia
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944, "Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Cossack Cov Tub Rog" coj los ntawm Krasnov tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg German ua tus tswj hwm tshwj xeeb thiab nom tswv lub cev kom nyiam Cossacks rau lawv sab thiab tswj Cossack chav los ntawm cov neeg German. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, SS Reichsfuehrer Himmler, uas tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tshwj xeeb tom qab kev sim tua Hitler, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua qhov kev ua tub rog txawv teb chaws mus rau SS. Cossack Troops Reserve tau tsim, uas tau nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb rau Cossack chav nyob ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hnub tuaj, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov qauv no yog General Shkuro. Nws tau txiav txim siab nthuav tawm Cossack faib ua haujlwm tau zoo heev rau hauv pab tub rog. Nov yog qhov 15 SS Cossack Cavalry Corps tau sawv los. Cov tub rog tau ua tiav raws lub hauv paus uas twb muaj lawm 1st Cossack Cavalry Division nrog ntxiv ntawm Cossack units xa los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Ob pawg tub rog Cossack tuaj txog ntawm Krakow, tus tub ceev xwm 69th los ntawm Warsaw, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam Warsaw thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, lub chaw saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Hanover, 360th Cossack regiment von Renteln los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Los ntawm kev mob siab rau nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev tsim los ntawm Cossack Troops Reserve, nws muaj peev xwm sau ntau dua 2,000 Cossacks los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, cov neeg raug kaw hauv kev ua tsov ua rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hnub tuaj, uas tau raug xa mus ntxiv rau 1st Cossack Division. Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm feem ntau ntawm Cossack tshem tawm, tag nrho cov tub rog tau mus txog 25,000 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, suav nrog txog 5,000 tus neeg German. General Krasnov tau ua tus nquag tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov "kev cog lus" tsim los ntawm Krasnov ntawm 15th SS Cossack Cavalry Corps tau siv cov lus rov ua dua cov lus ntawm kev cog lus ua ntej kev tawm tsam tub rog, tsuas yog "Nws Imperial Majesty" tau hloov los ntawm "Fuhrer ntawm cov neeg German Adolf Hitler", thiab "Russia "los ntawm" New Europe ". General Krasnov nws tus kheej tau cog lus ua tub rog ntawm tebchaws Russia, tab sis xyoo 1941 nws tau hloov qhov kev cog lus no thiab ua rau ntau txhiab tus Cossacks ua li ntawd. Yog li, cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau hloov los ntawm Krasnov cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau Peb Reich. Qhov no yog qhov ncaj thiab tsis ntseeg qhov kev ntxeev siab ntawm Motherland.
Txhua lub sijhawm no, cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam nrog Yugoslav cov koomhaum, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944 tau ntsib ncaj qha nrog cov tub rog liab ntawm Drava River. Tawm tsam qhov kev ntshai ntawm cov neeg German, Cossacks tsis tau tawg, lawv tawm tsam tawv ncauj thiab tawm tsam. Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua no, Cossacks tau rhuav tshem 703rd Infantry Regiment ntawm 233rd Soviet Infantry Division, thiab kev faib nws tus kheej ua rau muaj kev swb hnyav. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, 1st Cossack Division, uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg 15, tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav nyob ze ntawm Lake Balaton, ua tiav kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Bulgarian. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm 1945-25-02, kev faib ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv mus rau XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps. Qhov no tau cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev faib nws tus kheej, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev. Cov khaub ncaws tseem zoo ib yam, pob txha taub hau thiab pob txha tsis tshwm ntawm lub kaus mom, Cossacks txuas ntxiv hnav lawv lub khawm qub, cov tub rog cov phau ntawv tseem tsis tau hloov pauv. Tab sis kev koom tes, cov tub rog yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm "kev txiav txim dub" pab tub rog, thiab SS cov neeg lis haujlwm sib tham tau tshwm sim hauv cov koog. Txawm li cas los xij, Cossacks yog Himmler cov neeg tua rog rau lub sijhawm luv. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 20, cov neeg raug xa mus rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas rau Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Cov Neeg ntawm Russia (KONR), General Vlasov. Ntxiv rau tag nrho lawv cov kev txhaum yav dhau los thiab cov ntawv sau: "yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg", "cov neeg ntxeev siab rau Motherland", "tus rau txim" thiab "SS txiv neej", Cossacks ntawm cov tub rog tseem tau txais "Vlasovites" ntxiv.
Txhuv. 6. Cossacks ntawm XV SS Cavalry Corps
Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov ntawv hauv qab no tseem ua haujlwm raws li ib feem ntawm 15th Cossack Corps ntawm KONR: Kalmyk Regiment (txog 5,000 leej neeg), Caucasian Horse Division, Ukrainian SS cov tub rog thiab pab pawg ROA tankers. Coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev tsim no raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tus Thawj Coj, thiab txij Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1945, SS Gruppenfuehrer G.von Panwitz muaj 30-35 txhiab leej neeg.
Ntawm lwm qhov kev tsim Cossack ntawm Wehrmacht, tsis muaj lub meej mom tsis txaus ntseeg tau mus rau Cossacks, koom ua ke hauv qhov hu ua Cossack Stan nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm tus thawj coj mus rau Colonel S. V. Pavlova. Tom qab kev tawm ntawm cov neeg German los ntawm Don, Kuban thiab Terek, nrog rau Cossack qhov kev sib cais, ib feem ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem hauv zej zog, uas ntseeg hauv kev dag ntxias dag ntxias thiab ntshai kev ua phem phem los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet, sab laug. Cossack Stan suav txog 11 Cossack foot regiments; tag nrho, txog li 18,000 Cossacks tau nyob hauv qab txoj haujlwm Campaign Ataman Pavlov. Tom qab qee qhov chaw Cossack raug xa mus rau Tebchaws Poland kom tsim 1 Cossack Cavalry Division, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev mloog cov neeg tawg rog Cossack uas tawm hauv lawv thaj av nrog rau cov tub rog German rov qab los yog lub hauv paus chaw ntawm Campaign Ataman ntawm Don Army S. V. Pavlova. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943, ob lub tub rog tshiab, thib 8 thiab 9, tau tsim los ntawm no. Txhawm rau cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, nws tau npaj siab qhib tus tub ceev xwm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, tab sis cov haujlwm no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav vim yog kev tawm tsam Soviet tshiab. Vim yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev ncig puag ncig Soviet thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944, Cossack Stan (suav nrog poj niam thiab menyuam yaus) tau pib thim sab hnub poob mus rau Sandomierz, thiab tom qab ntawd tau thauj mus rau Belarus. Ntawm no cov lus txib ntawm Wehrmacht tau muab 180 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj av rau kev tso Cossacks hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov nroog Baranovichi, Slonim, Novogrudok, Yelnya, peev. Cov neeg tawg rog tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov tub rog sib txawv, los ntawm cov cheeb tsam thiab cov tuam tsev, uas tawm sab nraud rov tsim dua ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Cossack cov chaw nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau muaj kev rov txhim kho dav dav ntawm Cossack cov chav sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav, koom ua ke hauv 10 taw kev tswj hwm ntawm 1200 tus xov tooj cua txhua. 1st thiab 2nd Don cov tub rog tau ua los ntawm 1st Brigade ntawm Colonel Silkin; 3rd Donskoy, 4th Consolidated Cossack, 5th thiab 6th Kuban thiab 7th Tersky - Pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm Colonel Vertepov; 8th Donskoy, 9th Kuban thiab 10th Tersko -Stavropol - Pawg tub rog thib 3 ntawm Colonel Medynsky (tom qab kev sib sau ntawm cov tub rog tau hloov pauv ntau zaus). Txhua tus tub rog muaj 3 Plastun battalions, mortar thiab anti-tank roj teeb. Txog lawv cov cuab yeej ua rog, Soviet tau ntes riam phom muab los ntawm German thaj chaw arsenals tau siv.
Hauv Belarus, pab pawg ntawm Marching Ataman tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw tom qab ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw thiab tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog. Lub Rau Hli 17, 1944, thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis ncaj ncees, S. V. Pavlov (raws li lwm qhov chaw, vim kev sib koom tes tsis zoo ntawm kev nqis tes ua, nws tau los ntawm "phooj ywg" hluav taws los ntawm tub ceev xwm). Hauv nws qhov chaw tau raug xaiv los ua tub rog tub rog T. I. Domanov. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1944, vim yog kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam Soviet tshiab, Cossack Stan tau thim tawm ntawm Belarus thiab tau tsom mus rau thaj tsam Zdunskaya Wola nyob rau sab qaum teb Poland. Txij ntawm no pib nws hloov mus rau Sab Qaum Teb Ltalis, qhov chaw uas nyob ib sab nrog Carnic Alps nrog lub nroog Tolmezzo, Gemona thiab Osoppo tau faib rau kev tso Cossacks. Ntawm no Cossacks tau tsim kev tshwj xeeb "Cossack Stan", uas tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm SS cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm thaj tsam ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Adriatic Hiav Txwv, SS Ober Gruppenfuehrer O. Globochnik, uas qhia Cossacks kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm av tau muab rau lawv. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Sab Qaum Teb Ltalis, chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Cossack Camp tau hloov pauv lwm qhov kev hloov pauv thiab tsim Pawg Pab Pawg ntawm Campaign Ataman (tseem hu ua cov neeg ua haujlwm), suav nrog ob qhov kev sib cais. 1st Cossack foot division (Cossacks los ntawm 19 txog 40 xyoos) suav nrog 1st thiab 2nd Don, 3rd Kuban thiab 4th Terek-Stavropol cov tub rog, ua ke rau hauv 1st Don thiab 2nd Consolidated Plastun brigades, nrog rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab thauj cov tuam txhab, nees thiab tub rog tub rog, lub tuam txhab kev sib txuas lus thiab cov cuab yeej tshem tawm. Qhov thib ob Cossack foot faib (Cossacks los ntawm 40 txog 52 xyoos) suav nrog 3rd Consolidated Plastun Brigade, uas suav nrog 5th Consolidated Cossack thiab 6th Don Regiments, thiab 4th Consolidated Plastun Brigade, uas koom ua ke thib 3 Reserve regiment, peb pawg tub rog ntawm stanitsa tiv thaiv tus kheej (Donskoy, Kuban thiab Cossack Consolidated) thiab Kev Tshwj Xeeb tshwj xeeb ntawm Colonel Grekov. Ntxiv rau, Pab Pawg muaj cov hauv qab no: 1st Cossack Cavalry Regiment (6 pab pawg: 1st, 2nd thiab 4th Don, 2nd Terek-Don, 6th Kuban thiab 5th Officer), Ataman Convoy Cavalry Regiment (5 pab pawg), 1st Cossack cadet tsev kawm ntawv (2 Lub tuam txhab Plastun, lub tuam txhab muaj riam phom hnyav, lub roj teeb loj), kev sib cais sib cais - tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm hais plaub ntug, nrog rau Tshwj Xeeb Cossack lub kaus mom hlau thiab tsev kawm ntawv sniper uas yog lub tsev kawm ntawv tsheb (tshwj xeeb pab pawg "Ata). Raws li qee qhov chaw, cais Cossack pab pawg "Savoy", thim rov qab mus rau Ltalis los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob nrog rau cov seem ntawm cov tub rog Italian thib 8 rov qab rau xyoo 1943, tau ntxiv rau pawg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Cossack Stan. Cov pawg ntawm Campaign Ataman Pawg tau ua tub rog nrog ntau dua 900 lub teeb thiab hnyav tshuab rab phom ntawm ntau lub tshuab (Soviet "Maxim", DP (Degtyarev infantry) thiab DT (Degtyarev tank), German MG-34 thiab Schwarzlose, Czech Zbroevka, Italian Breda "thiab" Fiat ", Fab Kis" Hotchkiss "thiab" Shosh ", Askiv" Vickers "thiab" Lewis ", Asmeskas" Colt "), 95 lub tuam txhab thiab cov foob pob ua rog (feem ntau yog Soviet thiab German ntau lawm), ntau dua 30 Soviet 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab 4 rab phom (76, 2-mm), nrog rau 2 lub tsheb tiv thaiv lub teeb, tawm ntawm cov pab pawg. Lub Plaub Hlis 27, 1945, tus naj npawb ntawm Cossack Camp yog 31,463. Paub tias kev ua tsov ua rog tau ploj mus, Cossacks tau tsim txoj kev cawm. Lawv txiav txim siab zam kev ua pauj rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw Askiv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Tyrol nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm "hwm" kev swb rau cov neeg Askiv. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945, "Cossack Stan" tau tsiv mus rau Austria, mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Linz. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho nws cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws tau raug ntes los ntawm Askiv thiab pauv mus rau Soviet cov koomhaum tiv thaiv kev txawj ntse. "Cossack cov thawj coj" coj los ntawm Krasnov thiab nws cov tub rog tseem raug ntes nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Judenburg, thiab tom qab ntawd tseem tau xa los ntawm Askiv mus rau tub ceev xwm Soviet. Tsis muaj leej twg yuav mus rau qhov chaw rau txim rau txim thiab pom tseeb cov neeg ntxeev siab. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis ntxov, Kev Tawm Tsam Ataman von Pannwitz kuj tau coj nws lub cev mus rau Austria. Nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hla roob, cov tub rog tau mus rau Carinthia (Sab Qab Teb Austria), qhov twg thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 11-12, nws tso nws txhais caj npab ua ntej cov neeg Askiv. Cossacks tau raug xa mus rau ntau lub POW chaw pw hav zoov nyob ib puag ncig Linz. Pannwitz thiab lwm tus thawj coj Cossack tsis paub tias cov kev ua haujlwm no twb tau txiav txim siab tsis muaj dab tsi. Ntawm Yalta lub rooj sib tham, Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas tau kos npe pom zoo nrog USSR, raws li lawv tau cog lus tias yuav xa cov pej xeem Soviet uas tau pom lawv tus kheej hauv lawv thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm kom ua raws peb cov lus cog tseg. Tsis yog Askiv lossis Asmeskas cov lus txib tsis muaj kev xav txog dab tsi tos rau cov neeg raug ntiab tawm. Tab sis yog tias cov neeg Asmeskas tau tawm tsam qhov teeb meem no tsis saib xyuas thiab vim li ntawd, coob tus qub tub rog Soviet tau zam kev rov qab los rau lawv lub tebchaws Soviet, tom qab ntawd Nws tus Huab Tais cov ncauj lus tau ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm. Ntxiv mus, Askiv tau ua ntau dua li Yalta cov ntawv cog lus xav tau ntawm lawv, thiab 1,500 Cossack cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw uas tsis tau yog neeg xam xaj ntawm USSR thiab tawm hauv lawv lub tebchaws tom qab swb hauv kev tsov kev rog tau muab rau hauv SMERSH txhais tes. Thiab tsuas yog ob peb lub lis piam tom qab kev swb, thaum Lub Rau Hli 1945, ntau dua 40 txhiab Cossacks, suav nrog Cossack tus thawj coj Generals P. N. thiab S. N. Krasnovs, TSI Domanov, Lieutenant General Helmut von Pannwitz, Lieutenant General A. G. Cov tawv nqaij tau muab rau Soviet Union. Thaum sawv ntxov, thaum Cossacks sib sau ua ke, cov neeg Askiv tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Cov tub rog pib ntes cov neeg tsis muaj riam phom thiab yuam lawv mus rau hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom uas lawv tau coj tuaj. Cov uas tau sim tawm tsam raug tua ntawm qhov chaw. Tus so tau thauj khoom thiab coj mus rau qhov tsis paub.
Txhuv. 7. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Cossacks los ntawm cov neeg Askiv ntawm Linz
Ob peb teev tom qab, lub tsheb thauj neeg mob nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab hla lub chaw kuaj xyuas ntawm ciam teb ntawm thaj tsam Soviet ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kev rau txim ntawm Cossacks tau ntsuas los ntawm Soviet lub tsev hais plaub raws li qhov hnyav ntawm lawv cov kev txhaum. Lawv tsis tua, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tau muab "tsis yog menyuam yaus". Feem ntau ntawm kev xa tawm Cossacks tau txais cov kab lus ntev hauv Gulag, thiab Cossack cov neeg tseem ceeb, uas tau koom nrog Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, raug txiav txim los ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Tub Rog ntawm USSR Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab kom tuag los ntawm kev dai. Qhov kev txiav txim pib raws li hauv qab no: raws li Tsab Cai ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej ntawm USSR No. 39 ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 19, 1943 "Txog kev ntsuas ntawm kev rau txim rau German-fascist neeg phem ua txhaum ntawm kev tua neeg thiab tsim txom ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet pej xeem thiab cov neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army, rau cov neeg soj xyuas, ntxeev siab rau lub teb chaws los ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Soviet thiab rau lawv cov neeg koom tes "… thiab ntxiv rau. Tib lub sijhawm nrog USSR, Yugoslavia xav tau kev thov kom muab Cossacks ntxiv. Cov tub rog ntawm pawg 15 tau raug liam tias ua txhaum ntau yam rau cov pej xeem. Yog tias Cossacks raug xa mus rau tsoomfwv Tito, lawv txoj hmoo yuav muaj kev tu siab ntau dua. Helmut von Pannwitz yeej tsis yog neeg xam xaj Soviet thiab yog li ntawd tsis tau raug xa mus rau Soviet cov tub ceev xwm. Tab sis thaum cov neeg sawv cev ntawm USSR tuaj txog ntawm tus neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Askiv ntawm kev ua tsov rog, Pannwitz tuaj rau tus thawj coj hauv lub yeej rog thiab xav kom nws suav nrog cov neeg rov qab los. Nws hais tias: "Kuv tau xa Cossacks mus rau lawv txoj kev tuag - thiab lawv tau mus. Lawv xaiv kuv ataman. Tam sim no peb muaj txoj hmoo sib xws." Tej zaum qhov no tsuas yog lus dab neeg, thiab Pannwitz tau yooj yim coj nrog lwm tus. Tab sis zaj dab neeg no hais txog "Txiv Plig Pannwitz" nyob hauv qee lub voj voog Cossack.
Kev sim ntawm Cossack cov thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht tau ua nyob hauv phab ntsa ntawm Lefortovo lub tsev kaw neeg tom qab kaw qhov rooj los ntawm 15 txog 16 Lub Ib Hlis 1947. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, thaum 15:15, cov kws txiav txim plaub ntug tau so los hais qhov kev txiav txim. Thaum 19:39, kev tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm: "Cov Tub Rog Kawm Qib Siab ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Qib Siab ntawm USSR tau txiav txim siab dav dav PN Krasnov, SN Krasnov, SG Shkuro, G. von Pannwitz, nrog rau tus thawj coj ntawm Caucasians, Sultan Kelech-Girey, kom tuag rau kev ua tub rog tawm tsam Soviet Union los ntawm kev sib cais tsim los ntawm lawv. " Thaum 20:45 ntawm tib hnub, kab lus tau ua tiav.
Qhov tsawg kawg ntawm txhua qhov kuv xav kom Wehrmacht thiab SS Cossacks xav tias yog tus phab ej. Tsis yog, lawv tsis yog tus phab ej. Thiab nws tsis tas yuav txiav txim Cossacks los ntawm lawv tag nrho. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawd, Cossacks tau xaiv qhov sib txawv kiag li. Thaum ib qho kev faib Cossack thiab ob peb lwm yam kev tsim tawm tsam hauv Wehrmacht, ntau dua xya caum Cossack cov tub rog, kev sib cais thiab lwm yam kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Red Army ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab Soviet cov lus txib tsis raug kev tsim txom los ntawm cov lus nug: "Puas yog cov koog no ntseeg tau? "Nws puas txaus ntshai xa lawv mus rau tom ntej?" Nws yog qhov txawv heev. Pua pua txhiab tus Cossacks tus kheej thiab tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab tsis yog tsoomfwv, tabsis lawv lub tebchaws. Cov kev cai tuaj thiab mus, tab sis Motherland tseem nyob. Ntawm no lawv yog - tiag heroes.
Tab sis lub neej yog cov khoom txaij, kab txaij yog dawb, kab txaij yog dub, kab txaij yog xim. Thiab rau lub xeev kev hlub thiab kev ua siab loj tseem muaj kab txaij dub, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau Russia. Hauv qhov no, peb pua xyoo dhau los, Field Marshal Saltykov tau hais ntawm kev txais tos nrog Empress Elizaveta Petrovna txog Lavxias haiv neeg cov kab lus qub: "Kev hlub neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ib txwm tsis zoo. dai tawm zoo li qee yam hauv qhov dej khov nyob ntawm seb tsar zoo li cas. Yog tias tsar yog tus neeg siab zoo, tom qab ntawd lawv zoo ib yam li cov neeg nyiam kev hlub, yog tias tsar yog neeg ntxeev siab, ces lawv yeej ib txwm npaj txhij., uas koj yog rau Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd peb yuav tswj hwm. " Rau peb caug xyoo, tsis muaj dab tsi hloov pauv, thiab tam sim no nws zoo ib yam. Tom qab tus neeg ntxeev siab tsar Gorbachev tuaj koom nrog tsar Yeltsin. Thiab xyoo 1996, ntau tus thawj coj ntawm Cossack ntawm Wehrmacht tau rov kho dua los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Russia raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm Lub Chaw Haujlwm nrog kev pom zoo ntawm pawg neeg, thiab qee leej txawm npuaj teg. Txawm li cas los xij, ib feem ntawm kev hlub hauv zej zog tau npau taws los ntawm qhov no, thiab tsis ntev qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev rov kho dua tau raug tso tseg raws li qhov tsis muaj tseeb, thiab xyoo 2001, twb dhau los ntawm tsoomfwv sib txawv, tib Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Loj Lub Chaw Haujlwm tau txiav txim siab tias Cossack tus thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht tsis yog tus kawm mus rau kev kho kom rov zoo. Tab sis cov neeg koom tes tsis tso tseg. Xyoo 1998, hauv Moscow, ze ntawm Sokol metro chaw nres tsheb, ua ib daim ntawv nco txog A. G. Shkuro, G. von Pannwitz thiab lwm tus Cossack cov thawj ntawm Peb Reich. Kev tshem tawm lub monument no tau ua tiav raws li txoj cai lij choj, tab sis neo-Nazi thiab kev koom tes koom tes tos txais txhua txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub monument no. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm Hnub yeej xyoo 2007, cov phaj nrog cov npe ntawm cov koom tes ntawm Kev Ua Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau muab tso rau ntawm nws tsuas yog tsoo los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub. Ib rooj plaub raug txim tau pib, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Niaj hnub no hauv Russia muaj ib lub monument rau tib lub Cossack units uas yog ib feem ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Peb Reich. Lub cim nco tau qhib xyoo 2007 hauv lub zos Elanskaya, cheeb tsam Rostov.
Kev kuaj mob thiab kev npaj ua rau, cuam tshuam, qhov chaw, keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev sib koom tes Lavxias tsis yog tsuas yog theoretical, tab sis kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsis yog ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm Lavxias yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg tawg rog, cov neeg ntxeev siab, cov neeg swb, cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov koom tes. Txoj haujlwm saum toj no-hais tawm, tsim los ntawm Field Marshal Saltykov hais txog qhov peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev hlub, muab tus yuam sij los piav qhia ntau yam tsis paub thiab tsis txaus ntseeg hauv keeb kwm Lavxias thiab lub neej. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tshaj tawm thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov pej xeem nco qab: kev nom kev tswv, kev xav, lub tswv yim hauv lub xeev, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ntseeg, thiab lwm yam. Tsis muaj ib puag ncig hauv peb lub neej, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev nom kev tswv nyob qhov twg cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov kev hloov pauv loj thiab cov ntsiab lus pom yuav tsis sawv cev, tab sis nws tsis yog lawv uas muab kev ruaj ntseg rau zej zog thiab xwm txheej, tab sis "peb tawm ntawm tsib "uas tau tsom mus rau lub zog, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm vaj ntxwv. Thiab hauv qhov no, Saltykov cov lus hais txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Tsar Lavxias (tus tuav ntaub ntawv dav dav, tus thawj tswj hwm, tus thawj coj - tsis hais nws lub npe twg) hauv txhua qhov chaw thiab xwm txheej hauv peb lub neej. Qee cov ntawv hauv kab ntawv no tau qhia ntau yam ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg hauv peb keeb kwm. Hauv lawv, peb cov neeg, coj los ntawm "vaj ntxwv" vaj ntxwv, muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis txaus ntseeg, ua yeeb yam thiab kev fij rau lub tebchaws Niam ntawm xyoo 1812 thiab 1941-1945. Tab sis nyob hauv cov vaj ntxwv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab ua tsis ncaj, tib cov neeg tuaj yeem thim rov qab thiab ua phem rau lawv tus kheej lub tebchaws thiab plunge nws mus rau hauv cov ntshav bacchanalia ntawm Cov Teeb Meem ntawm 1594-1613 lossis kev hloov pauv thiab kev ua tsov rog tom ntej ntawm 1917-1921. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg uas coj tus Tswv raws li txoj cai dab ntxwg nyoog tuaj yeem tsoo ib txhiab xyoo kev ntseeg thiab ua rau cov tuam tsev npau taws thiab ua rau lawv tus kheej muaj kev ntseeg. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thib peb ntawm peb lub sijhawm: perestroika - tua - rov txhim kho kev lag luam hauv tebchaws - kuj tseem haum rau hauv cov kev phem no. Kev pib zoo thiab phem pib ib txwm muaj nyob hauv peb lub neej, cov no yog qhov "txhua thib tsib" uas yog qhov chaw tos txais ntawm kev hlub thiab kev koom tes, kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg ntuj, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ua phem, kev txiav txim thiab tsis ncaj ncees, kev cai lij choj thiab kev ua phem, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis txawm tias nyob hauv cov xwm txheej no, tsuas yog tus vaj ntxwv tsis muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem coj tib neeg thiab lub tebchaws mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab bacchanalia, nyob rau hauv uas nws cuam tshuam cov "peb tawm ntawm tsib" koom nrog cov neeg koom nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua phem, kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev puas tsuaj. Qhov sib txawv ua tiav tau tiav nrog "txoj kev" huab tais, leej twg yuav qhia txoj hauv kev kom raug, thiab tom qab ntawd, ntxiv rau cov thwjtim ntawm kev txiav txim thiab kev tsim, tib yam "peb ntawm tsib" kuj yuav koom nrog lawv. Peb tus thawj tswj hwm tam sim no tau ua piv txwv piv txwv txog kev hloov pauv kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ua haujlwm tau ntev rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntau yam kev cov nyom ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb tam sim no. Nws tau tswj hwm los txwv txoj cai entropy thiab bacchanalia ntawm kev sib koom tes txoj cai ntawm 80s-90s, ua tiav kev cuam tshuam thiab hla kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib tw hauv tebchaws-ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev xav ntawm Communist Party ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab Liberal Democratic Party, yog li nyiam cov neeg xaiv tsa thiab ua tiav kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntsuas siab. Tab sis nyob rau lwm qhov xwm txheej, tib yam "peb ntawm tsib" yuav yooj yim dua mus rau lwm tus "huab tais", txawm tias nws yog dab ntxwg nyoog nrog tshuab raj, uas twb tau tshwm sim ntau dua ib zaug hauv peb keeb kwm. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li pom meej meej, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub no yog lo lus nug ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm "muaj koob muaj npe" lub hwj chim, lossis theej lub zog ntawm thawj tus neeg, txhawm rau txuas ntxiv mus rau txoj kev txhim kho kom ruaj ntseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no, ib qho ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg loj tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias yog tias nws tseem tsis tau raug daws kom zoo thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog peb cov xwm txheej. Ntxiv mus, lub siab xav daws nws tseem tsis tau pom tam sim no.
Nyob rau ntau pua xyoo dhau los, lub tebchaws tau ua neeg phem rau lub zog feudal ntawm kev ua tiav rau lub zwm txwv nrog nws qhov tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau thiab kev hloov pauv mus los. Monstrous thiab tragic piv txwv ntawm genealogical thiab genetic mutations ntawm muaj koob muaj npe lub npe thiab senile schizophrenia ntawm hnub nyoog monarchs nws thiaj li dhau lub txim tuag ntawm lub feudal system ntawm tsoom fwv. Qhov xwm txheej tau hnyav dua los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej thiab pab pawg tsis sib xws. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Karamzin, hauv Russia, nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, txhua lub tsar tom ntej pib nws txoj kev kav los ntawm kev nchuav ib lub dab da dej rau ib qho dhau los, txawm hais tias nws yog nws txiv lossis tus kwv. Cov txheej txheem bourgeois-kev ywj pheej tom ntej ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab tau txais lub zog tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua Darwinism. Tab sis keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntau haiv neeg tau pom tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tus neeg. Hauv tebchaws Russia, nws tau siv sijhawm tsuas yog ob peb hlis tom qab Lub Ob Hlis kev hloov pauv thiab ua rau kev tuag tes tuag taw tag nrho ntawm lub hwj chim thiab lub tebchaws tau tawg. Tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ywj pheej thiab Lub Ob Hlis kev ywj pheej, tsis yog Lenin, tsis yog Stalin, lossis tsis yog Communist tog ntawm Soviet Union tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm "tsarist" lub zog txuas ntxiv. Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev rau lub hwj chim ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg tom qab Lenin thiab Stalin yog qhov txaj muag rau qhov lawv tau tsim. Kev rov ua dua los qhia txog kev ywj pheej ntawm bourgeois hauv USSR thaum lub sijhawm perestroika dua tau coj mus rau kev tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub hwj chim thiab ua rau lub tebchaws tawg. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov tshwm sim no, uas Pawg Neeg Sab Laj ntawm Soviet Union tau yug los hauv daim ntawv ntawm Gorbachev thiab nws qhov kev xav, tej zaum tsis muaj qhov sib xws hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Lub kaw lus nws tus kheej tau ua rau cov neeg ntxaiv rau nws tus kheej thiab lub tebchaws, thiab lawv tau ua lawv qhov kev ua phem phem tawm ntawm xiav. Cov lus dab neeg muaj nws tias Socrates, hauv lub xeev qaug cawv, sib cav nrog tus khub haus dej rau ib litre dawb tias nws yuav rhuav tshem Athens nrog nws tus nplaig ib leeg. Thiab nws yeej. Kuv tsis paub nrog leej twg thiab dab tsi Gorbachev sib cav nrog, tab sis nws ua nws txawm tias "txias dua". Nws rhuav tshem txhua yam thiab txhua tus neeg nrog nws tus kheej cov lus thiab tsim "kev puas tsuaj loj", thiab tsis muaj kev tsim txom, nrog nws tus kheej lus, nws ua tiav qhov kev pom zoo tacit tso cai ntawm 18 lab tus tswv cuab ntawm CPSU, ntau lab tus neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm KGB, Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab Soviet Army thiab hais txog ntau tus tib neeg tsis koom nrog cov neeg tawm tsam. Ntxiv mus, ntau lab tus tib neeg tsis tsuas yog pom zoo, tab sis kuj tau npuaj tes. Hauv ntau lab tus tub rog no tsis muaj ib tus neeg saib xyuas tiag tiag uas, raws li kev paub dhau los, tsawg kawg tau sim ua kom cov neeg ntxeev siab nrog nws tus tub ceev xwm txoj phuam qhwv caj dab, txawm hais tias muaj ntau lab ntawm cov phuam qhwv no hauv dai khaub ncaws. Tab sis qhov no yog ib nrab ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov no yog keeb kwm. Qhov teeb meem yog qhov teeb meem tseem tsis tau daws tau. Zaj dab neeg ntawm Medvedev txoj kev ua nom ua tswv yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov no. Tab sis raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws qhia, txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm lub zog ntawm thawj tus neeg txhawm rau txhawm rau txuas ntxiv mus rau txoj kev txhim kho kom ruaj ntseg, kev ywj pheej tsis yog qhov tsim nyog, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov xav tau. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog lub luag haujlwm thiab lub siab nyiam ua nom tswv. Tsis muaj kev ywj pheej nyob hauv PRC, thiab txhua txhua 10 xyoo muaj phiaj xwm hloov pauv ntawm lub hwj chim loj tshaj, kev tuag ntawm "huab tais" tsis xav nyob ntawd.
Feem ntau, kuv txhawj xeeb heev txog yav tom ntej. Raug bourgeois kev ywj pheej hauv peb cov xwm txheej tsis txhawb kev ntseeg siab thiab kev cia siab rau. Tom qab tag nrho, kev xav ntawm peb cov neeg thiab nws cov thawj coj tsis txawv ntau los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov thawj coj ntawm Ukraine, thiab yog tias lawv txawv, tom qab ntawd rau qhov tsis zoo. Qhov teeb meem tsis tau daws ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ntawm lub zog thiab chav kawm yuav ua rau lub tebchaws muaj kev puas tsuaj, hauv kev sib piv nrog uas perestroika tsuas yog paj.
Cov txheej txheem nom tswv tsis txaus ntseeg tsis ntev los no tau hnyav hnyav los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv zej zog. Tam sim no, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pib paub zoo txog qhov teeb meem no. Txawm hais tias tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ncauj lus no, "VO" tsis ntev los no tau pib tshwm cov lus hnyav hais txog kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv zej zog ("Cov Nyiaj Hli ntawm Gentlemen", "Tsab ntawv los ntawm Ural Worker", thiab lwm yam). Lawv cov qhab nia tsis tawm ntawm cov kab kos, thiab cov lus hais rau lawv kom meej meej thiab tsis meej pem ua tim khawv rau qhov pib txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog hauv chav ua haujlwm. Nyeem cov kab lus no thiab cov lus pom rau lawv, ib qho tsis tuaj yeem nco qab cov lus hais hauv Xeev Duma los ntawm P. A. Stolypin, tias tsis muaj tus tswv siab hlob thiab txaj muag ntau dua thiab bourgeois hauv ntiaj teb dua li hauv Russia, thiab nws tsis yog rau ib yam uas cov kab lus "kulak-the world-eater" thiab "bourgeois-world-eater" tau tshwm sim hauv Lavxias lus thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Stolypin tom qab ntawd tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hais kom cov neeg siab zoo thiab bourgeoisie kom txo lawv txoj kev ntshaw thiab hloov hom kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, txwv tsis pub nws kwv yees kev puas tsuaj loj. Lawv tsis hloov pauv tus cwj pwm, lawv tsis txo qis lawv txoj kev ntshaw, kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim, tib neeg tua lawv zoo li npua vim yog kev ntshaw. Tam sim no nws tseem nthuav dua. Nyob rau xyoo 80-90s, cov npe neeg tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo, ntxiv rau lub hwj chim tsis txwv, kuj tseem xav ua bourgeoisie, piv txwv li. Lub tsev tsim khoom, tsev tsim khoom, tsev, chav ua noj ua haus cuam tshuam rau nws thaum nws lub neej yuav tsum ua cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Kev tawm tsam muaj zog tshaj tawm tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev coj noj coj ua thiab qhuas kev ua lag luam. Peb cov neeg ntseeg thiab naive ntseeg thiab tam sim ntawd, tawm ntawm qee qhov kev ntshai, txiav txim siab tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyob yam tsis muaj bourgeoisie. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau muab, thiab hauv txoj kev ywj pheej kiag li, rau lub npe, kev ywj pheej thiab kev koom tes pub dawb daim pib mus rau bourgeoisie thiab qhov tsis tau pom dua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ntseeg hauv zej zog, uas lawv tsis txaus ntseeg sib faib thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws twb tau tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm Lavxias thiab tau piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv hauv kab lus "Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg Loj Cossack. Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Yemelyan Pugachev".
Nws zoo li rooj plaub yuav rov txiav tawm cov neeg siab zoo. Tab sis Vajtswv txwv tsis pub pom kev tawm tsam Lavxias, tsis nkag siab thiab tsis muaj kev hlub. Thiab kev liam rau txhua yam yuav rov yog tus tswv thiab bourgeois kev ntshaw, tib yam tsis nkag siab thiab tsis muaj kev hlub. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias Putin yuav daws nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib piv thiab kev ua phem txhaum cai bourgeoisie thiab lub npe nyob hauv txoj kev npaj. Tab sis, pom tseeb, tsis yog txoj hmoo, nws tseem muaj qee yam kev pom zoo nrog lawv. Qhov kev pom zoo no ua rau muaj kev tso cai thiab tsis raug cai, ua rau cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees thiab cov neeg ua phem ua phem tsis zoo ntxiv, thiab txhua qhov no muaj ntau txaus thiab txhawb kev noj nyiaj txiag. Qhov xwm txheej no tsuas ua rau cov neeg ncaj ncees chim siab, tsis hais txog kev muaj xwm txheej hauv zej zog, tus qauv nyob thiab kev kawm. Dab tsi hauv chav kawm ua haujlwm hais thiab xav txog nws hauv chav ua noj thiab dhau ntawm "khob dej tshuaj yej" tsuas yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom qhia hauv cov lus ntawm cov lus siv ua piv txwv. Tab sis tib neeg tau sau ntau dhau ntawm nws keeb kwm muaj kev paub ntau hauv kev tawm tsam kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev dag ntxias dag ntxias.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Singapore Lee Kuan Yew, uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm xyoo 1959 txog 1990, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tus kheej thiab ua tiav hauv qhov teeb meem no. Tib neeg hais tias nyob rau xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws tau teev npe ua tus pab tswv yim rau peb tus thawj tswj hwm. Txawm hais tias sab hnub tuaj yog teeb meem me me, Lee Kuan Yew cov zaub mov txawv yog qhov yooj yim thiab pom tseeb. Nws hais tias: “Nws yooj yim los tawm tsam kev noj nyiaj txiag. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas muaj ib tus neeg nyob rau saum uas yuav tsis ntshai cog nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze. Pib los ntawm kev tso peb ntawm koj cov phooj ywg. Koj paub meej vim li cas, thiab lawv paub tseeb vim li cas."
Nws yog qhov tseeb hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm peb keeb kwm - Gorbachev's perestroika, Yeltsin "kev hloov pauv" thiab Putin "tswj hwm kev tswj hwm" - qhov kev sim no tau ua los txhawb Cossacks. Tab sis, zoo li txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm no thiab peb lub sijhawm, qhov kev txhawb siab no tau ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis meej pem tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev kub ntxhov hauv kev nom kev tswv, feem ntau ua rau muaj lus nug ntau dua li cov lus teb. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.
