Mortars - rab phom loj loj nrog rab phom luv (15 caliber), ntuav lawv cov plhaub raws txoj kab ke hinged, tau yug los ua ke nrog lub foob pob. Zoo ib yam li nws, cov tshuaj cug raug foob pob zeb. Tab sis tsuas yog nws lub plhaub poob rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub taub hau, ya hla phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev fuabtais thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv. Thiab yog tias cov phab ntsa lawv tus kheej tsawg kawg qee yam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv cov neeg nyob hauv los ntawm cov foob pob tawg, tom qab ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws. Pumhard cug ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 15th tau nthuav tawm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Tub Rog ntawm Vienna. Nws lub peev xwm yog 890 mm, uas yog, nws yog sib npaug rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm peb lub npe Tsar Cannon, thiab nws tau foob pob zeb phom hnyav 800 kg! Tab sis txawm hais tias tsis muaj lub ru tsev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nws, nws sai tau pom meej tias qhov no tsis yog riam phom zoo rau kev ua tsov ua rog. Tom qab tag nrho, cov pob zeb tsis tawg! Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog tau txiav txim siab tua sai sai los ntawm cov phom nrog hollow cam khwb cia hlau "foob pob" ua phom phom. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus nqi, lub raj hluav taws nrog nias hmoov tau siv, uas cov hmoov av khiav tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog rau qhov projectile tau taws tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj. Lub foob pob ya mus, thiab lub raj hlawv, thiab thaum nws poob, tom qab ntawd … tom qab ib ntus muaj qhov tawg. Ntxiv mus, qhov swb tau ua rau ob leeg los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav thiab los ntawm kev tawg ntawm nws cov nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, Peter I tau hais kom cov neeg tua phom "ua ntej tso lub foob pob rau hauv cov tshuaj khib, thiab tom qab ntawd tua nws tom qab", uas yog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis muab kev ntseeg siab tias lub foob pob yuav tawg yam tsis tau ua tiav.
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tau siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tua ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Qhov tseeb, thaum lub sij hawm Sevastopol raug kaw thaum Tsov Rog Crimean, Askiv thiab Fab Kis tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov phom loj tshaj cov tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Cov tub rog Lavxias tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm lawv tau nws! Tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg nyob hauv Sevastopol feem ntau muaj cov phom loj uas tau siv phom loj rau hauv av, thiab cov phooj ywg, uas muaj ntau dua cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm hnyav mortars, bombarded rau lawv nrog puas ntsoog foob pob hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Thiab lawv cov hluav taws tau zoo heev uas peb cov tub rog yuav tsum tawm hauv Sevastopol! Lawv kuj tseem siv hauv tub rog, ntawm cov nkoj tshwj xeeb foob pob, lossis, raws li lawv tseem raug hu ua, "foob pob tawg". Lawv tau txhawb nqa lub lawj thiab ntau lub phom hnyav. Lawv raug rho tawm ntawm lawv ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, tab sis kuj yog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub nkoj. Yog lawm, nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab lub nkoj los ntawm cov tshuaj phom ntau dua los ntawm rab phom ncaj, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, kev puas tsuaj rau nws raug tsoo los ntawm lub foob pob tawg yog qhov tsis sib xws. Lub foob pob tau hla lub lawj, lossis ntau dua ib qho, thiab tau tawg sab hauv lub nkoj, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj hluav taws kub.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj khib yog siab heev, ntxiv rau, lawv kev teeb tsa hauv txoj haujlwm xav tau sijhawm ntau. Thaum raug tua, lawv dhia dhia khov kho, uas ua rau lawv lub hom phiaj ploj mus. Paub, piv txwv li, 330-mm mortar "Dictator", uas cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb tau siv thaum lub sijhawm puag ncig ntawm Petersburg hauv Virginia hauv xyoo 1864, hnyav 7, 7 tons, yog li ntawd txawm tias nws tau muab tso rau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lub plhaub rau nws qhov hnyav txog 100 kg tau nqa los ntawm ob tus neeg nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thiab nws rab phom nqa phom ua tus ntaiv.
Peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog kev ua tsov rog nruab nrab ntawm Sab Qaum Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb uas dhau los ua "nkauj swan" ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum zoo. Tom qab ntawd cov phom tau dhau los ua phom thiab qee lub sijhawm ua tau zoo heev, tab sis lawv lub luag haujlwm tau poob qis. Zoo, niaj hnub no cov phom tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam, qhov uas ntau ntawm lawv cov ruam, "ntsuab-qhov muag", hnyav thiab feem ntau yog cov loj. Zoo, nws yog qhov nthuav heev los xav txog lawv, thiab qhov no yog yam peb yuav ua tam sim no.
Nov yog, Pumhard cug los ntawm Vienna Military History Museum. Nws tau pom meej tias nws tau ua los ntawm ob txheej hlau. Cov txheej sab hauv yog ua los ntawm cov kab txaij tso rau, txheej sab nrauv yog ua los ntawm cov hlua muab tso rau nws, uas yog, nyob thoob plaws. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm lub nplhaib sab nraud hauv lub xeev ua kom sov, yog li thaum lawv txias dua, lawv rub ua ke lub thoob, muab lub zog ntau dua.
Lwm tus raug phom sij los ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Army hauv Paris. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1450 Ntev: 2 m, muaj peev xwm 486 hli. Qhov hnyav: 1, 500 kg, tub ntxhais hnyav 130 kg, tua ntau 100-200 m.
Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj khib tau muab pov tseg los ntawm cov tooj liab tshwj xeeb. Thiab kev npau suav ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib tsoo thiaj li ua piv txwv li cov tshuaj khib hauv xyoo pua 18th, ua hauv Is Nrias teb rau Tipu Sultan ("Tsov los ntawm Khib Nyiab"), uas niaj hnub no nyob hauv Royal Artillery Museum hauv Woolwich, Askiv, tau tshwm sim ….
Spanish mortar ntawm cov hlau nqa ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. hauv keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Cordoba hauv Argentina nws kuj zoo li "niaj hnub".
Cov tshuaj cug Fab Kis ntawm xyoo 1828 kuj tau muab tooj liab ua.
Thiab qhov no yog peb cov phom 335-mm Lavxias los ntawm 1805 los ntawm Artillery Museum hauv St. Petersburg.
Ib qho phom sij txaus ntshai heev uas siv thaum lub sijhawm Antwerp siege xyoo 1832, tsim los ntawm Henri-Joseph Peksan.
English mortar los ntawm Fort Nelson.
Cov tub rog Askiv tau tua ntawm Sevastopol los ntawm 13-inch siege mortars.
Cov phom nrov American "Dictator".
Virginia, Yorktown, Txoj Haujlwm Roj Teeb Cug # 1.
Richmond, 1865, 8-inch mortar 1841
Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Mortar Roj Teeb ntawm 1841 10-nti Mortars ntawm Morris Island hauv Charston Harbor.
Dej Appotomax, Virginia. 24-phaus Confederate cug.
10-nti mortars los ntawm 1841 sab qaum teb.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias cov phom Germanic, nthuav tawm hauv lub nroog ntawm Spandau fortress, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv txhawm rau txhawm rau lub thoob, yog li lawv tau muab pov nrog ua ke, zoo li Tipu-Sultan rab phom. Pom tseeb, qhov ntau tau hloov kho los ntawm kev hloov tus nqi.
London, Woolwich, Greenhill Terrace: qhov tshwj xeeb 1854 Mallet cug nrog lub peev xwm ntawm … 920 mm!
Mallet's mortar phaj. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws ua tiav tua 19 zaug! Tab sis nws tsis tau sib ntaus!
Tom qab ntawd phom phom tau tshwm sim, thiab, ntxiv rau, tib tus neeg Asmeskas xav txog kev siv lawv tawm tsam lub nkoj. Lawv tso 305-mm mortars ntawm 1890 tus qauv nyob rau hauv xws li "mortar pits" uas nws yog kiag li tsis tuaj yeem tsoo nrog hluav taws tiaj tus los ntawm nkoj! Fort Desoto, Florida.
Thiab yog li cov phom no tau tua … Duab ntawm 1915.
