"Sorokapyatka" 45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)

"Sorokapyatka" 45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)
"Sorokapyatka" 45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)

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45 hli anti-tank phom mod. Xyoo 1937 yog riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog Soviet thaum thawj theem ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Txoj kab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv hauv kev tsim phom, uas pib nrog rab phom tiv thaiv 37-mm, uas tau txais los ntawm Red Army thaum Lub Ob Hlis 31, thiab yuav los ntawm lub tuam txhab German Rheinmetall nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv.

"Sorokapyatka" 45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)
"Sorokapyatka" 45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)

Cov tub rog Soviet thiab 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K) ("plaub caug tsib")

Xyoo 1932, lub thoob 45 mm tau muab tso rau ntawm rab phom nqa phom. Cov phom uas tau txais los ntawm txoj kev no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tsim xyoo 1937 tus qauv phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Lub qhov rooj npoo npoo ntawm rab phom no, tsis zoo li txhua qhov piv txwv yav dhau los, tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tsis siv neeg ib nrab. Ib qho ntxiv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pob zeb tau zoo tuaj, thiab kev ncua kev mus los ntawm lub log tau qhia.

Tus qauv 45-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau tsim los ntawm tus lej 8, uas nws tau muab rau lub Hoobkas ntsuas 53-K. Tom qab ua tiav kev sim tshuaj, nws tau raug xa mus rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Artillery Range. Thaum lub sijhawm xeem, uas tau tshwm sim txij lub Yim Hli mus txog rau Lub Cuaj Hli 1937, 897 txhaj tshuaj, uas 184 yog los ntawm kev ua vaj tse. Lub kaw lus tseem tau sim los ntawm kev thauj mus rau 684 kilometers. Cov phom loj 45-mm dhau qhov kev sim tua. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav raug ncua.

Duab
Duab

Cov tub rog Soviet tua hluav taws los ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv 45-mm ntawm 1937 tus qauv 53-K ntawm German txoj haujlwm ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga hauv Stalingrad

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1937, tsob ntoo No. 8 tsim cov kev sim (6 chav) ntawm 45-mm rab phom, uas txawv ntawm cov phom loj ntawm 1932 tus qauv:

1. Semi-automatic shutter, uas ua haujlwm thaum siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab ua kom tawg tawg, thaum lub xyoo 1932 tus qauv phom loj tsuas yog siv cov phom tiv thaiv cov phom. Qhov no tau ua tiav vim raug yuam kom them nyiaj ntawm cov kauv semiautomatic thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj;

2. Ib qho tshwj xeeb laub-khawm tso tawm. Lub pob tau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kauj ntawm lub tshuab nqa;

3. Kev ncua ntawm hom crank-caij nplooj ntoo hlav, uas yog thawj zaug tau siv hauv USSR hauv cov kab ke no;

4. Ntoo PTP log ntawm 1932 tus qauv tau hloov los ntawm GAZ tsheb log nrog GK. ZIK-1 lub log tau hloov pauv los ntawm lub log tsheb ntawm GAZ nrog kev hloov pauv me me hauv kev hais lus;

5. Lub tshuab dhos sab saud yog riveted-welded qauv ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau, thaum lub tshuab dhos sab saud ntawm xyoo 1932 PTP tus qauv tau ua los ntawm kev nrum;

6) Lub tshuab viav vias tau hloov pauv;

7) Lub tshuab qis yog welded.

Ntawm rau rau phom sim, txhua yam tshwj tsis yog Tus lej 5 tau npaj rau kev sim tub rog, thiab tus qauv No. 5 tau npaj rau qhov xav tau ntawm tsob ntoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1937 txog Lub Ib Hlis 1938, cov phom no ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag tus lej 8 tau dhau mus kuaj lub Hoobkas.

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Duab

Hauv kev tiv thaiv "plaub caug tsib", 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank phom qauv 1937 (53-K)

Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 22, rab phom tsis muaj. 3 (thooj tsis muaj. 0734), nruab nrog Ya-3 pem hauv ntej kawg, tau xa mus rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Artillery, uas nws tuaj txog rau 28 Lub Ib Hlis. Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj lub Hoobkas, 605 txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm ntawm nws. Tom qab xa cov phom, NIAP cov neeg ua haujlwm tau muab nws tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke nrog qhov ua yuam kev, vim qhov uas qee qhov tau ua haujlwm tsis raug.

Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas hauv thaj tsam ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Artillery Range, 1208 tau raug rho tawm haujlwm, ntawm qhov uas 419 nrog kev faib ua feem thiab 798 lub tsho tiv thaiv phom. Tus nqi hluav taws thaum siv phau ntawv txhais rau ob rab phom (qauv 1932 thiab qauv 1937) zoo ib yam thaum tua tsis tau kho lub hom phiaj. Thaum siv lub laub khawm khawm, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1937 rab phom tau nce 13% siab dua thaum tua lub foob pob ua ntxaij rab phom thiab 6% thaum tua cov foob pob tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm tua, muaj 16 qhov ua tsis tau tiav, ntawm qhov uas 13 nrog cov cuab yeej ua rau phom thiab 3 nrog rau cov tawg tawg. Qee qhov ua tsis tiav yog vim cov khoom tsis zoo. Tom qab 281 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, lub cev tsis siv neeg lub cev tsis muaj hau ntswj tsis ua haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ib nrab tsis siv neeg feem ntau lees paub tias txaus siab.

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Cov tub rog loj hauv tebchaws Soviet tab tom npaj qhib tua hluav taws los ntawm rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank. Karelian pem hauv ntej

Thaum kuaj thaj tsam, rab phom tau mus txog 2074 km, thaum thauj nrawm hla qhov av ntxhib (tsis muaj lub hauv ntej kawg) yog los ntawm 15 txog 30 km / h, ntawm pob zeb pob zeb - los ntawm 30 txog 35 km / h, thiab ntawm txoj kev loj li 60 km / hli Lub kaw lus ruaj khov thaum thauj.

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 38, kev sim tub rog tau ua ntawm peb rab phom 45-mm 53-K (No. 1, 2 thiab 4), muaj Ya-3 nqes. Rau Komsomolets tsheb laij teb tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev xeem. Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj tub rog, qhov nruab nrab, 450 txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm ib lub thoob, thaum cov cuab yeej siv ib nrab tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem. Hauv cov kev ntsuas no, tau khiav Moscow - Kharkov - Krasnodar. Tom qab kho qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me me, nws muaj peev xwm pib ua haujlwm tag nrho. Hnub tim 1938-24-04, rab phom 53-K tau siv raws li lub npe 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm xyoo 1937. 1938-06-06 cov khoom lag luam tau pib.

Kev tsim cov phom suav nrog ob ntu tseem ceeb: rab phom nqa phom thiab rab phom nrog rab ntsia hlau. Lub thoob ntim tau suav nrog lub raj monoblock thiab lub hau ntswj ntsia hlau. Kab rov tav kab rov tav ntsug ua kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov ntawm lub tog raj kheej thaum lub sij hawm tua thiab ua kom ntseeg tau qhov rho tawm (tshem tawm) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tom qab qhib. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ib nrab muab qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm rab phom-15-20 puag ncig. Kev nqa phom yog qhov zoo rau nws lub hom phiaj - rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Kev tsim cov tsheb thauj khoom suav nrog: tus menyuam txaj nrog cov cuab yeej thim rov qab, lub tshuab txav mus los sab saud nrog cov txheej txheem kev qhia, lub tshuab qis dua nrog lub txaj zawv zawg, chav kawm tawg, npog npog thiab pom. Cov txaj zawv zawg muab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov hluav taws kub txog 60 °. Qhov kev kawm siv cov tsheb zoo li lub log ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thauj tau qhov kev siv siv lub zog siv zog ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm txog 50 kilometers ib teev. Thaum rab phom raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tua, uas lub txaj tau kis mus rau txhua sab, lub tshuab ua kom tsis muaj zog raug muab tua, thiab lub log thiab lub tshuab qis tau txuas nrog nruj los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, yog li ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm rab phom thaum txhaj tshuaj, ntxiv rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub ncoo. Tom qab hloov rab phom mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia (lub txaj tau nqa ua ke), qhov kev ncua yuav tig mus.

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Duab

Cov tub rog Soviet hauv Vyborg tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm Vyborg tsev fuabtais nrog lub ntsej muag phom 45-hli tiv thaiv lub tank

Kev tsim cov phom me (ntev 402 cm) thiab lub npog npog qis (qhov siab 120 cm) xyuas kom nws zais cia hauv tshav rog. Txhawm rau pab kom yooj yim camouflage, rab phom lub npog npog tau muab tais. Cov phom feem ntau yog siv los rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv thiab cov yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus nrog hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000-1500 m..

Cov mos txwv tau teeb tsa muaj cov mos txwv tsis sib xws nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob, sub-caliber thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo, cov khoom tawg tawg, nrog rau cov mos txwv tsis sib xws nrog cov phom. Cov cuab yeej siv tho qhov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tau siv los rhuav tshem cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov tsheb tiv thaiv kab mob, ntxiv rau tua hluav taws ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm kev tua cov qauv. Thaum sib tham ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, lawv tau hle 43 mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1 km - 32 mm. Ib rab phom me me ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, thaum sib tham ntawm lub kaum sab xis, tau hle riam phom nrog qhov tuab ntawm 66 mm, thiab ntawm 100 metres - qhov deb ntawm rab riam phom - 88 mm. Hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua rog, cov ntsuas no tau txaus los rhuav tshem txhua hom Wehrmacht tso tsheb hlau luam.

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Duab

Soviet artillerymen nrog 45-mm anti-tank phom

Lub foob pob tawg tawg tau siv los rhuav tshem cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab qhib qhov chaw tua hluav taws. Thaum lub foob pob tawg rau saum npoo av, nws muab txog 100 yam ua rau puas tsuaj (cov khoom tawg), uas muaj peev xwm ua rau swb hauv ib cheeb tsam mus txog 7 meters hauv qhov tob thiab mus txog 15 metres raws hauv ntej. Buckshot cartridges tau siv los tiv thaiv cov tub rog tawm tsam ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm rab phom. Qhov kev siv ntau txog li 400 meters. Buckshot muaj cov mos txwv uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub tes tsho hauv lub plhaub tshwj xeeb. Thaum raug rho tawm, cov mos txwv los ntawm lub qhov taub ya tawm ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse, tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab rog ua ntej - txog 60 metres, qhov tob - txog 400 meters.

Nyob rau xyoo ua ntej ua tsov rog, ntxiv rau cov foob pob no, cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom ua rau lub foob pob tawg. Cov tom kawg tau npaj siab ua tshuaj lom rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub bunkers thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tank. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom sij phom sij yog 1.43 kg, nws muaj 16 grams ntawm cov tshuaj muaj zog.

Kev tsim cov phom 45-hli tiv thaiv lub tank, uas tau txiav ua ntej ua tsov rog, tau rov qab los nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tib lub sijhawm. Ib qho ntawm cov lag luam, uas tau koom ua ke nrog Kiev cog "Arsenal", tau khiav tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj, twb txog thaum kawg xyoo 1941 tau muab rau pem hauv ntej nrog 1,300 45-millimeter cannons ntawm 1937 tus qauv. Hauv xyoo 42, kev tsim cov phom no tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj 45-mm tshiab ntawm xyoo 1942. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 37354 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 1937 tus qauv tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm 42-43 xyoo.

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Duab

Kev suav ntawm Soviet 45-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank hloov chaw

Cov phom 45-mm ntawm xyoo 1937 tau ua haujlwm nrog tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kev sib faib phom (12 phom) thiab tiv thaiv lub tank platoons ntawm cov tub rog phom (2 phom). Cov phom loj ib yam tau siv los tuav cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank, uas suav nrog 4-5 lub roj teeb (16-20 phom txhua). Ib qho tseem ceeb tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank yog qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm 1942-01-07. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim no, cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau hloov npe ua cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Cov tub ceev xwm, uas yog ib feem ntawm PTA, raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tshwj xeeb thiab tau raug xaiv tsuas yog hauv lawv. Tom qab kho mob hauv tsev kho mob, cov tub rog raug mob thiab tub rog yuav tsum rov qab mus rau PTA chav nyob. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov hauv qab no tau qhia: nce nyiaj hli, them nyiaj ntxiv rau kev suav ntawm rab phom rau txhua lub khob tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tes tsho. Tau kawg, txhua qhov no tau pab txhawb kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj.

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Duab

Kev suav ntawm Soviet 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Bulgarian Kursk. Cov yeeb yaj kiab, feem ntau yuav, nyob tom qab - qhov no tsis zoo li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag (txoj haujlwm tsis tau nruab, lub tsev pheeb suab nyob deb yog nyob ntsiag to huv si, tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog)

Nov yog ib qho lus tawm los ntawm daim ntawv "Tus Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm Loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab", uas piav txog lub hom phiaj ntawm 45-mm tiv thaiv phom phom 53-K: tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua yam.

Ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb (rhuav tshem cov tso tsheb hlau luam), cov phom loj, uas muaj riam phom sib tsoo thiab lub foob pob tawg, tuaj yeem ua kom puas cov yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus nyob tom qab lub tsev tiv thaiv lub teeb, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog khiav haujlwm hauv qhov chaw qhib.

Cov phom loj, ua haujlwm nrog cov phom ntev, yuav tsum nrog cov tub rog nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, ua raws nws tsis tu ncua, tua hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub ntsiab lus tua.

Cov kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank yog:

a) Maneuverability thiab kev txav mus los;

b) tus nqi hluav taws;

c) Kev nkag mus rau armor;

d) Kev tiaj tus ntawm txoj kev taug.

Cov phom loj tuaj yeem thauj tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab (los ntawm tsheb lossis Komsomolets tsheb laij teb), nrog rau kev caij nees. Kev txav ntawm lub hauv ntej kawg thiab kev nqa phom tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso cai nrawm thaum txav mus nrog cov cuab yeej siv zog: ntawm tarmac - 50-60 km / h, ntawm txoj kev av zoo - 40-45 km / h, ntawm pob zeb zeb zeb - 30-35 km / h …

… Txhawm rau kom siv tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus zoo ntawm rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim lub hom phiaj tua kom raug, ua tib zoo siv rab phom mus rau thaj av, thiab tseem yoog raws kev tswj hwm thaum sib ntaus sib tua.

Kev ua tiav nrawm ntawm lub hom phiaj tua hluav taws raug ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm rab phom. Txhawm rau kom ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem, koj xav tau kev qhia zoo hauv kev suav lub cuab yeej, ua haujlwm nruj me ntsis, kev sib pauv ntawm nws tus lej thaum poob, paub zoo txog lev. ib feem ntawm rab phom, nrog rau lub sijhawm ntxiv cov mos txwv.

Cov kab xev sib sau ua ke tau siv rau kev tua los ntawm rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm xyoo 1937, zoo ib yam rau 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tsheb loj ntawm xyoo 1932."

Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom 45-mm ntawm xyoo 1937:

Caliber - 45 hli;

Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua - 560 kg;

Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw khaws cia: 1200 kg;

Thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile yog 760 m / s;

Ntsug taw qhia lub kaum sab xis - ntawm -8 ° txog 25 °;

Kab rov tav qhia lub kaum sab xis - 60 °;

Tus nqi hluav taws - 15-20 teev ib feeb twg;

Qhov siab tshaj plaws tua ntau yam - 4400 m;

Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha yog 850 m;

Armor penetration raws li tus qauv - 28-40 mm (ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 500 thiab 1000 m);

Armor -tho projectile qhov hnyav - 1430 g.

Pom zoo: