Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb ncuab submarines uas twb muaj lawm thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog cov nqi tob. Thaum pom lub nkoj submarine, lub nkoj nrog cov riam phom no yuav tsum tau tso cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb uas tau tawg loj rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej kev siv riam phom zoo li tsis suav nrog. Ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub nkoj, cov kws tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Askiv tau tsim ntau yam kev tiv thaiv submarine howitzers, suav nrog BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb nrog kev them nqi tob yog qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau rau tus nqa khoom. Lub nkoj lossis nkoj, nqa nrog lawv, yuav tsum muaj qhov txawv los ntawm kev kub ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Yog li, cov nkoj loj lossis thauj khoom, xav tau kev tiv thaiv, tsis tuaj yeem siv riam phom muaj zog thiab siv tau zoo. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub hau, tab sis qhov no ua rau paub qhov nyuaj. Txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem yog qee yam riam phom muaj peev xwm daws teeb meem kev ua tub rog, tsis hais tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub nkoj thauj khoom.
Kev pom dav dav ntawm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer
Tsis pub dhau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1916, cov lus pom tshwm sim, uas, zoo li nws zoo li, tuaj yeem pab tub rog thiab tub lag luam tub rog. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm chav saib xyuas dej hiav txwv tau thov kom muab cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj nrog riam phom tshwj xeeb zoo rau qhov xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv submarine. Tsis ntev thawj qhov haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau tsim, uas tau txais lub cim BL 5-inch naval howitzer ("Breech-loading 5-inch naval howitzer").
Txoj haujlwm tshiab tau ua raws lub tswv yim ntawm tsoo lub nkoj submarine nrog nthwv dej tawg los ntawm lub foob pob tawg loj ntawm lub zog loj. Lub zog loj ntawm qhov projectile xav tau ntxiv nrog qhov kev tua ntau txaus. Thaum kawg, xav tau chav tsev nyob tshiab. Qee qhov haujlwm yuav daws tau siv cov khoom siv hauv av howitzers ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Thaum pib xyoo 1917, ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab Askiv tau txais kev xaj kom hloov kaum ob lub tebchaws av li cas rau hauv riam phom tiv thaiv submarine.
Thaum pib xyoo 1917, 12 BL 5-inch naval howitzer systems dhau qhov kev xeem tsim nyog. Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw sim, cov khoom no, feem ntau, lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm thawj lub tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov ua tsis tiav loj. Lub 127-mm high-explosive howitzer projectile nqa lub foob pob tsis txaus. Raws li qhov tsim nyog, lub zog tiag tiag thaum tua ntawm lub nkoj submarine tsis txaus. Kev tsis muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus uas xav tau coj mus rau kev tso tseg ntawm 5-nti howitzer thiab pib tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
Ib qho ntawm cov phom loj 7.5-nti (190 mm) tau siv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov txheej txheem tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev cia siab tiv thaiv submarine howitzer tau hu ua BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer. Tsis tas li, los ntawm qee lub sijhawm nws tau pib raug xaiv los ua Mark I, uas qhia txog kev txhim kho txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej.
Thawj qhov haujlwm koom nrog kev siv lub thoob luv ntawm cov qauv tsim khoom. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov phom British 190-mm uas twb muaj lawm tau txawv los ntawm qhov ntev txaus tua, uas yooj yim dhau qhov pom pom pom deb ntawm lub nkoj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tshiab, cov phom phom uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsum tau luv mus rau 1.62 m, suav nrog hauv chav (tag nrho, 8.5 caliber). Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo qhov pib nrawm ntawm qhov projectile hauv txoj kev siv tau thiab txo qhov kev tua ntau mus rau qib uas siv tau.
Cov phom phom luv tau nruab nrog chav txo kom txo tus nqi tiv thaiv thiab tau nruab nrog lub piston ntsia liaj qhov rooj uas tau xauv los ntawm kev tig ncig nws lub axis. Ntawm lub breech ntawm xws li howitzer, mountings tau muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej pom. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer project yog qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab. Tag nrho cov kev xav tsis zoo yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub hauv paus teeb tsa, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub lawj thiab tus nqa khoom lub zog teeb tsa.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tiv thaiv submarine howitzers, tus thawj lub hauv paus tau tsim. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nws qhov kev pom tau txiav txim siab hauv thawj qhov haujlwm, thiab thaum tsim lub 7.5-nti system, cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm tau hloov kho rau hauv tus lej tshiab.
Anti-submarine howitzer nyob hauv SS Boohan
Ntawm ntu tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom lub nkoj lub lawj, nws tau thov kom nce qhov loj thiab muaj zog teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv nyuaj. Nws lub tsev qis dua yog lub platform txhawb nqa ib puag ncig, uas suav nrog ib khub ntawm qhov tiaj. Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub platform, muaj ntau qhov rau ntswj ntswj. Qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab tau coj mus rau qhov xav tau siv qhov kev txhawb nqa ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub platform muaj ib lub xub pwg pluaj. Sab hauv nws muaj txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau txav lub phom. Kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov kawg tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub nplhaib clamping.
Ntawm lub platform, U-shaped pedestal tau teeb tsa txav mus los, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm tig ib ncig ntawm txoj kab ntsug. Nyob rau hauv nws sab saud muaj kev txhawb nqa rau lub cev ntawm lub cuab yeej cuab tam. Lub thoob tau teeb tsa ntawm chav tsev siv lub me me me me uas muaj tus pin nyob ntawm ob sab. Nyob ze muaj ib lub ntsiab lus ntsug ntsia hlau mechanism.
Kev txhawb nqa ntsug tau muab tso rau sab saud ntawm tus menyuam txaj, uas tau siv ua ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej pom kev. Lub hom phiaj tau thov kom ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem uas muaj cov txheej txheem, cov pas nrig thiab cov haujlwm uas tau pom lub tshuab. Thaum hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm lub thoob, qhov pom tau txav mus rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug raws li xav tau, qhia qhov taw tes ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov projectile.
Lub 190-mm anti-submarine howitzer tau xav siv tshwj xeeb zoo li. Ua ntej, cov mos txwv tau tsim los raws li kev tsim qauv txheem foob pob tawg rau 7.5-nti howitzers. Nws muaj lub cev hlau nrog lub taub hau loj loj, hnyav 100 phaus (45.4 kg) thiab nqa tus nqi ntawm 43 phaus (19.5 kg) TNT. Kev sib txuas fuse nrog ncua sijhawm thib ob tau siv, uas tau tshwm sim tom qab tsoo dej lossis tsoo dhau lub hull ntawm lub hom phiaj submarine. Txhawm rau tso qhov projectile, siv cov hmoov hmoov ntawm qhov sib piv qis.
Tom qab ntawd, hnyav dua thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv mos txwv submarine tau tsim. Nws muaj qhov txawv ntawm lub cev sib txawv thiab hnyav 500 phaus (227 kg). Ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile tau tawg. Tsis tau them tus neeg txhawb nqa tus kheej rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no.
Nyob ntawm qhov siab nce, BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer tuaj yeem tua lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau qib sib txawv. Thaum siv qhov projectile "teeb" ua ntej, qhov pib nrawm tsuas yog 146 m / s, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tua tau txog 2100 yards (1920 m). 500-phaus mos txwv tuaj yeem xa ntawm qhov deb tsis pub dhau 300 yards (275 m). Kev ntaus ncaj qha los ntawm ob lub plhaub tuaj yeem ua rau lub nkoj puas tsuaj. Kev puas tsuaj nruab nrab lossis qhov me me tuaj yeem ua rau ploj mus txog kaum tawm ntawm kaum metres, tab sis lub nkoj tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis tau lees paub.
Cov neeg coob ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj HMS Vindictive thiab 7.5-inch howitzer. Daim duab tau yees duab tom qab lub nkoj rov qab los ntawm Zeebrugge raid thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1918.
Kev tsim kho ntawm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer project, ua raws los ntawm kev sib dhos thiab kuaj cov qauv, txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1917. Tom qab tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo, rab phom tau pom zoo rau kev tsim khoom loj. Thaum Lub Rau Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo, kev lag luam tau xa mus rau lub nkoj thawj pawg ntawm howitzers. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws tau npaj los ua ntau pawg ntawm cov riam phom no - tag nrho tsawg kawg ib txhiab chav nyob.
Raws li cov ntawv ceeb toom, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm 190-mm howitzers txuas ntxiv yam tsawg kawg kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1918. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1917, cov neeg siv khoom tau txais qis dua 400 lub tshuab. Tus so tau xa tom qab. Thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov sijhawm tsim khoom, Tebchaws Askiv tau tsim 950 phom hauv qhov kev teeb tsa qub. Tom qab ntawd, qhov hloov tshiab howitzer tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Tsis zoo li cov khoom lag luam yooj yim, rab phom tshiab muaj lub thoob zoo. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj qee qhov kev txhim kho me me.
Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev tso tawm cov phom, txhim kho lub plhaub zoo tau tsim. Tsuas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov mos txwv yog muaj nyob ntawm lub nplhaib tshwj xeeb ntawm lub taub hau. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua ntawm cov ces kaum qis, tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm ricochets los ntawm dej thiab tso siab rau tsoo lub hom phiaj hauv qab.
Cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm kev tsim khoom tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub lag luam tub rog nrog BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer systems. Cov neeg nqa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov riam phom no yog lub teeb thiab nruab nrab saib xyuas cov nkoj thiab nkoj. Ib qho ntxiv, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm howitzers tau npaj rau kev thauj mus los, uas yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab submarines. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv submarine howitzers tau teeb tsa ntawm cov nkoj loj ntawm ntau hom. Piv txwv li, tus neeg tsav nkoj HMS Vindictive tau txais ob peb yam kev ua haujlwm no.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias tsis yog txhua qhov zoo ntawm cov riam phom tshiab tau ua tiav hauv kev coj ua. Qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab tau ua tshwj xeeb xav tau ntawm lub zog ntawm lub lawj thiab txwv kev txwv rau qhov kev tso lub howitzer. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus qhia ncig ib txwm ua tsis tau vim muaj cov khoom siv zoo nkauj, phom turrets, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj cov kev txwv no, cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj tau txais qee lub sijhawm los tawm tsam cov nkoj loj.
German submarines ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov tub rog Askiv, thiab yog li ntawd cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv submarine yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ntau yam laj thawj, tsawg heev paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer. Ntxiv mus, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia piav qhia kev siv riam phom no rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov xwm txheej no muaj kev txaus siab.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, 1918, tau siv 190 mm howitzer tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus nrog lub nkoj submarine, tab sis lub nkoj submarine tsis yog nws lub hom phiaj. Nws tag nrho pib thaum cov neeg coob ntawm ib lub nkoj thauj khoom pom pom lub nkoj tawg. Cov mos txwv nyob deb 600 yards (tsawg dua 550 m) thiab tau mus rau lub nkoj. Tom qab ua tus coj raug, cov neeg tua phom muaj peev xwm nteg 7, 5-nti puag ncig ntawm lub torpedo. Los ntawm kev tawg, nws tau hloov pauv thiab nce mus rau saum cov dej ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 60 yards ntawm lub nkoj. Qhov ua tau zoo thib ob thiab lub foob pob tawg uas ua raws lub nkoj tsis txav chaw. Lub nkoj ceev ceev tau pom thiab tshuaj xyuas lub torpedo: nws tau raug puas ntsoog thiab poob nws lub ntim them.
Australian thauj howitzer SS Orca, 6 Lub Peb Hlis 1919
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1918, Royal Navy pawg tub rog tau ua qhov hu ua. Raid rau Zeebrugge. Lub nkoj ntawm 75 lub nkoj thiab nkoj suav nrog ntau tus nqa ntawm 190-mm howitzers, suav nrog lub nkoj HMS Vindictive. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm submarines tau tsawg heev, yog li lawv txiav txim siab siv riam phom tiv thaiv submarine ua cov phom loj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer tau xav kom tua cov khoom nqaum nqaum, cov yeeb ncuab nkoj thiab cov nkoj, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom ntawm lub nkoj HMS Vindictive yog los txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tubrog nkoj tau tsaws ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus ntawm howitzers BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer ploj lawm. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov riam phom zoo li no yuav tsum tau qhia pom qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsoo lub hom phiaj. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ua lub hom phiaj pub dawb ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv (nrog cov kev txwv paub), nrog rau cov nqi hluav taws kub ntau. Qhov hnyav me me ntawm qhov kev foob hnyav, qhov qis muzzle tshaj tawm thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov projectile lub davhlau, nyeg, yog qhov tsis zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis nyuaj rau txiav txim siab tias "lub teeb" projectile, thaum raug rho tawm ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, tuaj yeem nyob hauv huab cua mus txog 20-25 vib nas this. Thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj txav mus, lub sijhawm ya dav hlau tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov xwm txheej tus yeeb ncuab submarine muaj txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Ib qho ntxiv, kev suav ntawm rab phom tuaj yeem suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tua thaum npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Kev ntaus ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hom phiaj lossis qhov tsis nco me me hauv tib txoj kev tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov hnyav me me ntawm qhov ua rau lub foob pob tawg "lub teeb".
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev paub dhau los ntawm kev sim thiab ua haujlwm 190-mm tiv thaiv submarine howitzers tau qhia tias cov riam phom no muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab yog qhov txaus siab rau lub nkoj. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1917-18, ntau qhov haujlwm tshiab ntawm hom no tau pib. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov kab ke tshiab lossis hloov kho cov riam phom uas twb muaj lawm rau cov haujlwm tshiab. Hauv chav kawm ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov tswv yim uas twb muaj lawm, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv submarine howitzer tau maj mam coj mus rau 13.5 ntiv tes (343 mm), thiab qee qhov piv txwv no txawm tias nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam.
Cov ntawv xov xwm BL 7.5-inch naval howitzer, uas lub dav hlau muaj coob tus, tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pabcuam kom txog rau qee lub sijhawm. Yav tom ntej, cov nqa khoom ntawm cov riam phom no tau pib sau tawm thiab xa mus rau seem. Cov howitzers tau ua raws lawv. Los ntawm ib nrab xyoo nees nkaum, Royal Navy ntawm Great Britain tau tso tseg cov riam phom no tag. Raws li peb paub, tsis yog ib tus 190-mm naval howitzer tau dim mus txog niaj hnub no.
Qhov kev paub tsis zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog German submarines tau qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv submarine tshiab. Raws li qhov twb paub lawm thiab thawj cov tswv yim, cov phiaj xwm cog lus ntawm ib yam lossis lwm qhov tau tsim sai. Tsis ntev, qee qhov piv txwv nkag mus rau kev pabcuam. Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv submarine, nws mus txog qhov siv tau, thiab tom qab ntawd txaus siab txawv teb chaws tub rog rog. Tsis ntev, cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm cov tub rog siv riam phom tau tsim los ntawm Asmeskas tus tsim qauv.
