Tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm USSR, peb cov neeg nyiam nyob sab hnub poob ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, txiav txim siab rau Union yog "lub teb chaws phem", pib sau txhua yam kev xav thiab xav tsis thoob rau lub zog Soviet. Tshwj xeeb, tag nrho cov txheej txheej ntawm cov dab neeg tau tsim txog qhov ua txhaum ntawm Stalin thiab Bolsheviks hauv kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Ntawm cov "dub dab neeg" rhuav tshem peb cov keeb kwm nco thiab thaj chaw yog cov dab neeg hais tias "rab ntaj fascist tau tsim nyob hauv USSR."
Yog li, lub tebchaws Stalinist tau nthuav tawm ua "tsim ntawm Hitlerite pab tub rog" thaum cov kws tsav dav hlau German thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom tau kawm hauv USSR. Txawm tias lub npe loj ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog German zoo li Goering thiab Guderian, uas raug liam tias tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv Soviet, txawm tias muaj npe.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb raug rho tawm. Tshwj xeeb, thaum Soviet-German kev koom tes ua tub rog pib, Peb Reich yooj yim tsis muaj! 1922-1933 yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev ywj pheej ywj pheej ntawm Weimar Republic, uas Moscow koom tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev sib koom nrog pawg neeg muaj zog, koom nrog kev sib raug zoo, ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Yelemes, uas tau cia siab rau yav tom ntej kev yeej ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv Berlin. Thiab Nazis yog cov pab pawg uas tsis pom kev pom tias muaj kev hem thawj.
Kev txhawb siab rau kev koom tes
Qhov tseeb yog tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Russia raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, lawv yog tus swb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Neeg German nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Versailles kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau txwv tsis pub siv hauv tub rog, kev ua tub rog-txuj ci.
Cov lus nug tseem tshwm sim: leej twg kawm nrog leej twg? Lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1913 yog lub zog tsim khoom thib ob hauv ntiaj teb (tom qab Tebchaws Meskas), yog kev lag luam, thev naus laus zis loj. Thiab Russia yog lub teb chaws ua liaj ua teb-kev lag luam vam khom thev naus laus zis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuab nyuaj thiab cov txheej txheem, xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab lub tshuab ua kom lub zog khov, tau raug xa mus rau hauv lub tebchaws. Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 tau qhia pom zoo txog Russia txoj kev rov qab los ntawm kev muaj hwj chim loj ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Yog li, yog Thib Ob Reich thaum ua tsov rog tsim 47, 3 txhiab lub dav hlau tua rog, ces Russia - tsuas yog 3, 5 txhiab. Qhov xwm txheej tseem phem tshaj nrog kev tsim cov tshuab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, Russia tsis tsim lub tshuab dav hlau txhua lub sijhawm. Tsov rog yuam kev tsim cov khoom tsim ntawm cov tshuab dav hlau. Xyoo 1916, kwv yees li 1400 lub tshuab dav hlau tau tsim, tab sis qhov no tsawg heev. Thiab cov phoojywg, tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv lub zog huab cua, sim tsis txhob faib cov cav. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias lub dav hlau ua hauv tebchaws Russia tsis tuaj yeem nqa mus rau saum huab cua, tsis muaj lub cav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm huab cua.
Qhov xwm txheej tseem phem dua nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Hom riam phom no tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim ua ntej kev tawm tsam Russia. Thawj lub tank Soviet "Kev ywj pheej sib ntaus sib tua. Lenin ", theej los ntawm Fab Kis Renault lub tank, yuav tau tsim los ntawm Krasnoye Sormovo cog hauv Nizhny Novgorod tsuas yog xyoo 1920 thiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1921. Tom qab ntawd, tau muaj kev ncua ntev hauv Soviet lub tshuab tshuab kev lag luam - txog 1927. Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tso tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1917 lub tank hnyav A7V, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ntau lwm yam qauv.
Tsis tas li, Russia nyob qab lub tebchaws Yelemes raws li muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau qhia txog kev kawm qib siab thaum ntxov li xyoo 1871. Hauv tebchaws Russia, nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev hloov pauv xyoo 1917, feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem tsis paub ntawv.
Ntxiv rau kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb, kev hloov pauv, Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg thiab kev cuam tshuam, kev tsiv tebchaws ntau thiab kev puas tsuaj, qhov tshwm sim uas Russia kov yeej rau feem ntau ntawm xyoo 1920. Moscow tau nyob ib leeg thoob ntiaj teb. Nws paub meej tias nyob rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no peb yuav tsum kawm los ntawm cov neeg German, thiab tsuas yog lawv tuaj yeem qhia peb qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig. Tus so ntawm Sab Hnub Poob lub zog pom Russia zoo li khau raj, "ncuav qab zib" uas yuav tsum tau zom. Sab Hnub Poob tau thov kom them cov tsarist cov nuj nqis thiab cov nuj nqis ntawm Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Ib Ntus, lees paub lub luag haujlwm rau txhua qhov kev poob los ntawm kev ua ntawm Soviet thiab tsoomfwv yav dhau los lossis cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam, xa tag nrho cov lag luam hauv tebchaws rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws, thiab muab kev nkag tau mus rau peev txheej thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm Russia (kev pom zoo).
Tsuas yog dag, txaj muag thiab nyiag cov neeg German tuaj yeem dhau los ua peb cov koom tes. Tsis zoo li lwm lub zog sab hnub poob, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis hais kom rov qab los ntawm cov nuj nqis. Qhov kev pom zoo nrog Berlin tau xaus los ntawm kev zam kev sib foob ntawm kev thov. Lub teb chaws Yelemees lees paub kev ua tebchaws ntawm German lub xeev thiab cov khoom ntiag tug hauv Soviet Russia. Rau Soviet Russia, uas tau poob qis hauv cov tebchaws tau nce los ntawm 50-100 xyoo, kev koom tes nrog kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis qib siab hauv lub tebchaws yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov neeg German tseem xav paub txog kev koom tes zoo li no. Raws li Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Versailles ntawm Lub Rau Hli 28, 1919, kev txwv tsis pub tub rog hnyav raug yuam kom yeej lub tebchaws Yelemes. Cov tub rog German (Reichswehr) tau txo qis rau 100 txhiab tus neeg, cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum tsis pub ntau dua 4 txhiab tus neeg. Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm General tau raug tshem tawm thiab txwv tsis pub muaj. Kev ua tub rog dav dav tau raug tshem tawm, cov tub rog tau txais los ntawm kev yeem ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Nws tau txwv tsis pub muaj riam phom hnyav - rab phom loj tshaj qhov tsim muaj peev xwm, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab dav hlau tub rog. Lub nkoj tau txwv rau ob peb lub nkoj qub, lub nkoj hauv nkoj tau raug txwv.
Tsis txaus ntseeg, nyob rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, ob lub zog poob, cov neeg siab phem, tau sib pab sib txhawb. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1922, ntawm Genoa Conference, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Russia tau kos npe rau Rapallo Treaty, uas ua rau pom kev tsis pom zoo los ntawm "zej zog ntiaj teb."
Yog li, qhov kev xaiv pom zoo ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau pom tseeb thiab tsim nyog. Ua ntej tshaj, lub tebchaws Yelemes yog lub xeev muaj kev ywj pheej kiag li, Nazis tseem tsis tau los rau lub hwj chim thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi rau lub tebchaws txoj kev nom kev tswv. Qhov thib ob, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yog Russia txoj kev lag luam ib txwm muaj. Lub xeev German, txawm hais tias muaj kev swb hnyav, tseem yog lub zog muaj zog nrog tsim kho cov tshuab kho tshuab, lub zog, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam. Kev koom tes nrog cov neeg German tuaj yeem pab peb txhim kho thiab txhim kho kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Qhov thib peb, Berlin, tsis zoo li lwm lub zog sab hnub poob, tsis tau hais kom them cov nuj nqis qub, thiab lees paub kev ua tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Soviet Russia.
Kev koom tes ua tub rog. Lipetsk Aviation Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Daim ntawv cog lus Rapallo tsis muaj cov kab lus ua tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus rau kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog Soviet-German tau pom tseeb. Berlin xav tau qhov pov thawj los sim cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab dav hlau yam tsis tau paub txog lub zog muaj yeej. Thiab peb xav tau German kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim khoom thiab siv riam phom siab heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1920, tau tsim ntau lub chaw sib koom ua ke hauv USSR: lub tsev kawm dav hlau hauv Lipetsk, lub tsev tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Kazan, ob lub chaw ua haujlwm aerochemical (thaj chaw kawm) - ze Moscow (Podosinki) thiab hauv Saratov cheeb tsam ze Volsk.
Kev pom zoo ntawm kev tsim tsev kawm aviation hauv Lipetsk tau kos npe hauv Moscow thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1925. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib los qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau coj los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm German: Major Walter Stahr (1925-1930), Major Maximilian Mar (1930-1931) thiab Captain Gottlob Müller (1932-1933). Kev kawm dav hlau tau qhia los ntawm cov neeg German. Nrog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev kawm, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm German tau nce mus rau 140 tus neeg. Moscow tau muab lub tshav dav hlau hauv Lipetsk thiab yav tas los cog rau khaws cov dav hlau thiab khoom siv dav hlau. Cov tshuab lawv tus kheej, cov dav hlau thiab cov khoom siv tau muab los ntawm cov neeg German. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub dav hlau ya tau ua los ntawm Fokker D-XIII cov neeg tua rog yuav los ntawm Netherlands. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yog lub tsheb zoo nkauj niaj hnub. Cov dav hlau thauj thiab cov foob pob kuj tau yuav. Fokker tom qab Versailles pom zoo tau hloov pauv sai sai rau Holland. Thaum lub sijhawm Ruhr teebmeem ntawm 1922-1925, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm "lub plawv kev lag luam" ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees los ntawm cov tub rog Franco-Belgian, cov tub rog German tau xaj tsis raug cai 100 lub dav hlau ntawm ntau yam qauv. Ua haujlwm rau Argentine Air Force. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qee lub dav hlau no tau xaus rau hauv USSR.
Kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau USSR. Peb cov kws tsav dav hlau, kws kho tshuab tau kawm txog nws, cov neeg ua haujlwm txhim kho lawv cov peev xwm. Cov kws tsav dav hlau tau muaj sijhawm los kawm paub ntau yam txuj ci tshiab uas paub hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, Askiv, Fabkis thiab Asmeskas. Lub teb chaws tau txais cov khoom siv hauv paus. Cov nqi tseem ceeb tau them los ntawm cov neeg German. Yog li, tsis sib thooj rau cov lus dab neeg, nws tsis yog peb uas qhia cov neeg German, tab sis cov neeg German, ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nyiaj txiag, tau kawm lawv tus kheej thiab peb cov kws tsav dav hlau nrog peb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab peb cov kws kho tshuab, qhia lawv txog kev coj noj coj ua zoo. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog tshem tawm cov lus dab neeg uas rab ntaj fascist tau tsim nyob hauv USSR. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Lipetsk txoj kev koom tes rau kev tsim German Air Force tau me me. Nyob rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej, 120 tus kws tsav dav hlau tua rog thiab 100 tus kws soj ntsuam cov kws tsav dav hlau tau raug cob qhia lossis rov qhia dua hauv nws. Txog kev sib piv: los ntawm 1932 Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tuaj yeem qhia txog 2,000 tus kws tsav dav hlau hauv nws lub tsev kawm ya davhlau tsis raug cai hauv Braunschweig thiab Rechlin. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Lipetsk raug kaw xyoo 1933 (zoo li lwm txoj haujlwm), tom qab Hitler los txog rau lub hwj chim, thaum Rapallo Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo poob nws qhov tseem ceeb rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab USSR. Lub tsev thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tau txais los ntawm Soviet sab. Txij li thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1934, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tub Rog Qib Siab Tactical Davhlau Tsev Kawm Ntawv (VLTSh) tau pib ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshem tawm.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias yav tom ntej Reichsmarschall Goering tsis kawm hauv Lipetsk. Ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv lub npe nrov "npias tso dej" xyoo 1923, Goering tau khiav tawm txawv teb chaws. Nws tau raug txim nyob hauv qhov tsis txaus los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub German thiab tshaj tawm tias yog lub xeev ua txhaum cai. Yog li ntawd, nws qhov tshwm sim ntawm Reichswehr qhov chaw yog ib qho txawv txawv tshwm sim. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, Goering, uas yog tus muaj npe zoo, tau thov kom koom nrog Qib ntawm Reichswehr, tab sis nws tsis kam lees rau qhov laj thawj, vim nws tawm tsam rau Weimar Republic.
Tank tsev kawm ntawv hauv Kazan thiab Tomka chaw siv tshuaj lom neeg
Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm nws qhov kev tsim tau kos npe rau xyoo 1926. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Kargopol cavalry barracks. Cov xwm txheej uas lub tsev kawm Kazan tau tsim tau zoo ib yam li hauv Lipetsk. Lub taub hau thiab cov kws qhia yog neeg German, lawv kuj tau them cov nqi khoom tseem ceeb. Tus thawj xibfwb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Lieutenant Colonel Malbrand, von Radlmeier thiab Colonel Josef Harpe. Kev tso tsheb hlau luam tau muab los ntawm cov neeg German. Xyoo 1929, 10 lub tsheb thauj khoom tuaj txog ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Ua ntej, qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cob qhia, tom qab ntawd kev qhia ntawm German thiab Soviet cov tub rog pib. Ua ntej lub tsev kawm ntawv raug kaw hauv 1933, muaj peb tus neeg kawm tiav German cov tub ntxhais kawm - tag nrho yog 30 tus neeg, los ntawm peb sab 65 tus neeg dhau txoj kev kawm.
Yog li, cov neeg German tau qhia, lawv kuj tau them cov nqi khoom tseem ceeb, npaj cov khoom siv. Ntawd yog, Cov neeg German tau kawm paub txog lawv tus kheej thiab peb cov nkoj thauj khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej cov nuj nqis. Guderian, tsis sib thooj rau cov lus dab neeg thoob plaws xyoo 1990, tsis kawm hauv Kazan lub tsev kawm ntawv. Heinz Wilhelm Guderian tau mus ntsib Kazan ib zaug (thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1932), tab sis tsuas yog ua tus kws tshuaj xyuas ua ke nrog nws tus thawj, General Lutz. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tank, txij li nws twb kawm tiav los ntawm kev kawm tub rog thiab muaj qib loj - tub ceev xwm.
Kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev sim aerochemical tau kos npe rau xyoo 1926. Sab Soviet tau muab qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg thiab ua kom zoo rau nws txoj haujlwm. Cov neeg German tau hla txoj kev kawm ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet. Lawv kuj tau them cov nqi khoom tseem ceeb, yuav txhua yam khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias nyob hauv chaw dav hlau thiab chaw tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsom mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kev kawm, tom qab ntawd hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom tub rog, feem ntau yog kev tshawb fawb cov haujlwm. Thawj qhov kev sim tau ua nyob ze Moscow ntawm Podosinki qhov chaw xeem.
Xyoo 1927, kev tsim kho tau ua tiav ntawm Tomka chaw kuaj tshuaj ze rau lub nroog Volsk, Saratov cheeb tsam. Kev sib koom tes raug xa mus rau ntawd. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob tau ua tiav, qhov pom tshiab tsim los ntawm cov neeg German tau raug sim, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv raug sim. Cov kev xeem no tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau USSR. Qhov tseeb, hauv cheeb tsam no peb yuav tsum pib xyaum ua los ntawm kos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsawg dua 10 xyoo, lub tebchaws muaj peev xwm tsim nws tus kheej cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg, teeb tsa lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb, thiab npaj tsim cov tshuaj riam phom thiab khoom siv tiv thaiv. Cov mos txwv tshiab tau ntim nrog cov roj mustard, phosgene thiab diphosgene tau txais yuav, cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob deb thiab cov fuses tshiab, cov foob pob tshiab tau raug sim.
Ua tsaug rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, peb lub tebchaws, xyoo 1920 yog lub zog tsis muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tebchaws ua liaj ua teb, muaj peev xwm nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws kom tau nce hauv kev siv tshuaj riam phom sib npaug nrog cov tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev muaj zog. Txhua lub galaxy ntawm cov kws muaj txuj ci ua tub rog tau tshwm sim hauv USSR. Tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, Peb Reich tsis ntshai siv riam phom tshuaj tiv thaiv USSR.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau pab ua kom USSR muaj zog ua tub rog tshaj plaws
Yog li, los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Soviet-German cov phiaj xwm tub rog, Red Army tau txais cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau, kws kho tsheb, cov neeg ua haujlwm tso tsheb hlau luam thiab kws tshuaj. Thiab thaum twg, tom qab Nazis los rau lub hwj chim, kev sib koom tes tau raug kaw, cov neeg German, tawm mus, tau tso peb ntau yam khoom muaj nqis thiab khoom siv (tsim nyog ntau lab tus cim German). Peb kuj tau txais thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tactical Qib Siab Tshaj Plaws ntawm Red Army Air Force tau qhib hauv Lipetsk, thiab lub tsev kawm tank hauv Kazan. Muaj kev qhia tshuaj lom neeg hauv "Tomsk", ib feem ntawm cov khoom tau mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv.
Ib qho ntxiv, kev koom tes nrog cov neeg German hauv kev tsim cov riam phom niaj hnub no tseem ceeb heev. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev rau peb uas peb tuaj yeem kawm ua tiav hauv kev ua tub rog txawv teb chaws thiab kawm los ntawm kev paub ntawm cov kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv German. Yog li, cov neeg German tau muab peb txog kaum ob phau ntawv qhia txog kev coj ua phem rau huab cua. German tus tsim qauv dav hlau E. Heinkel, tau cog lus los ntawm Soviet Air Force, tsim HD-37 tus neeg tua rog, uas peb tau saws thiab tsim xyoo 1931-1934. (Ib-7). Heinkel kuj tau tsim rau USSR He-55 cov tub rog tshawb nrhiav dav hlau-KR-1, uas tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum xyoo 1938. Cov neeg German tau tsim lub dav hlau catapults rau cov nkoj rau peb. Kev paub lus German tau siv hauv kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam: hauv T-28-raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tank Krupp, hauv T-26, BT thiab T-28-welded hulls ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam, cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam, khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv xov tooj cua, hauv T-28 thiab T-35-tso cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hauv lub hneev, thiab lwm yam., Kev ua tiav ntawm German tau siv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv dav hlau, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab cov phom loj, lub nkoj hauv nkoj.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem hais tau zoo tias nws yog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees uas tau pab peb tsim cov tub rog liab siab dua. Cov neeg German tau qhia peb, tab sis peb tsis qhia lawv. Cov neeg German tau pab tsim lub hauv paus rau USSR rau kev ua tub rog-kev ua haujlwm siab: tank, aviation, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam lag luam. Moscow ua tib zoo thiab txawj siv qhov nyuaj ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Union, nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv.
