Dab tsi epithets thiab npe menyuam yaus tsis ua rau cov neeg Soviet nrog Nikita Khrushchev, uas, tsis tau xav txog rau ntau tus, hloov Joseph Stalin nws tus kheej ua tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws. "Nikita the Miracle Worker" hauv kab ntawv no yog kab tias muaj kev hlub tshaj plaws, txawm tias tsis pub dawb. Ntau yam ntawm nws txuj ci tseem ceeb, zoo li "Poj huab tais ntawm Cov Teb" ntawm cov pob kws, kev ya dav hlau lossis superbomb ("Kuz'ka niam"), tib neeg tseem nco tau, tab sis feem ntau tau hnov qab. Tsis ntev dhau los, lawv nco txog Crimea, ua siab dawb pub dawb los ntawm Khrushchev cov tub los ntawm Ukraine, tab sis lawv tsis paub tias kev ua siab zoo sib txawv tuaj yeem txo qis ciam teb ntawm Kazakhstan - koom pheej koom pheej thib ob tom qab Russia.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1959, tau muaj kev sib tham tshwj xeeb kaw ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm CPSU thiab Cov Tsev Kawm Qib Siab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm USSR. Ntawm nws Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, tsis ntev ua ntej ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis 1958, uas hloov Marshal NA Bulganin ua tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws, tau hais tias "ciam teb nruab nrab ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj qab hau." "Qee qhov muaj thaj tsam loj, thiab qee qhov" sib dhos "nyob hauv thaj tsam nqaim." Tsis ntev lawv tau pib npaj ib daim qauv ntawm cov lus pom zoo ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Pawg Neeg thiab Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Xeev.
Tab sis nws txhua qhov pib tsis yog thiab tsis ntau nrog kev hloov Crimea mus rau Ukrainian SSR thaum ntxov xyoo 1954. Hauv nruab nrab - ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950, thaj tsam Lipetsk tau tsim, uas tau txiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Tambov, Voronezh, Oryol thiab Ryazan. Tom qab ntawd Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic tau rov tsim dua, uas tam sim ntawd tau hloov mus rau ntau thaj tsam uas nyob ib sab ntawm Rostov, Stalingrad cheeb tsam, Stavropol thiab Volga chaw nres nkoj ntawm Burunny hauv cheeb tsam Astrakhan, uas txij li xyoo 1961 muaj lub npe "teb chaws" ntawm Tsagan -Aman.
Ib me ntsis tom qab, ib cheeb tsam ntawm Smolensk, Bryansk thiab Kaliningrad cheeb tsam tau hloov pauv nrog tib lub siab dawb paug zoo rau cov nyob ze Belarus, Ukraine thiab Lithuania. Thaum kawg, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb roj thiab lub zog ntawm Moscow cov pa roj av thiab, peb hais txog, tag nrho thaj av tsis dub hauv tebchaws Russia - tom qab ntawd Stalinogorsk koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow tau pauv mus rau thaj av Tula.
Tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov haujlwm loj dua. Thiab txhua yam yuav tsum pib, qhov tseeb, los ntawm Kazakhstan - nws yog lub tebchaws no uas Khrushchev tau txiav txim siab loj heev hauv thaj chaw. Khrushchev ntau dua ib zaug qhuas cov qoob loo ntawm Kazakhstan ua tiav hauv thawj xyoo nkauj xwb. Cov koom pheej tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab Khrushchev, hauv nws cov lus hais lus, tau hu xov tooj tsis tu ncua los kawm los ntawm thaj av nkauj xwb Kazakh.
Tab sis dhau sijhawm, Nikita Sergeevich pib ntshai ntau yam ntxiv, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog cov "pawg neeg tawm tsam" tau tsim los ntawm Molotov, tab sis tom qab me ntsis - txoj cai loj ntawm Marshal Zhukov. Kev ntshai ntawm thawj tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj tau loj hlob zoo hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog tib tus Kazakhstan. Thiab qhov xwm txheej no nws tsis yog txhua yam hais txog kev muaj tebchaws, kev xav sib txawv kiag li - lawv hais tias, nkauj xwb cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj cai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kazakhstan SSR.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Kazakhstan tsis tau tsuas yog dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm USSR, tab sis Kazakh SSR tsis yog tsuas yog thaj chaw koomhaum koomhaum koomhaum loj tshaj plaws tomqab RSFSR. Nws yog nyob rau Kazakhstan nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li Baikonur cosmodrome thiab Semipalatinsk qhov chaw sim nuclear tau teeb tsa. Thiab tag nrho cov xwm txheej no hauv kev sib sau ua ke, raws li Khrushchev, tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Kazakh los sim hloov qee yam hauv Soviet thawj coj. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem tham txog "de-Ukrainianization" ntawm pawg Central Committee tom qab Stalin tawm mus.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tseem tsis tau hais txog qhov kev sim no, Khrushchev txawm li cas los txiav txim siab ua ntej mus rau thaj av "obkarnat" Kazakhstan. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1959, Nikita Sergeevich tswj kev yws txog qhov tseeb tias Kazakhstan "loj heev hauv nws thaj chaw" thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1959 hauv kev sib tham ntiag tug nrog tus thawj coj ntawm Azerbaijan, Dashdemir Mustafayev.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1956, Moscow txiav txim siab hloov mus rau Uzbekistan thaj tsam Bostandyk uas loj heev nrog thaj tsam li 420 txhiab hectares. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw muaj menyuam yaus tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kazakhstan, tab sis cov koom pheej koom nrog kev coj noj coj ua tsuas yog "maj mam" twv qhov kev txiav txim siab no. Nws zoo li tias hauv Kazakhstan lawv tau txiav txim siab zam cov neeg ua haujlwm txiav txim siab los ntawm Khrushchev, uas, raws li koj paub, tsis tau ncua nrog qhov no. Tab sis xyoo 1965, ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw no, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tshiab, tom qab Khrushchev, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm USSR, tau rov qab mus rau Kazakhstan.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1960, Khrushchev tau caw cov thawj coj Kazakhstani tuaj rau Moscow - tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg tswj hwm tsoomfwv nruab nrab ntawm tog, Dinmukhamed Kunayev, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Council of Ministers, Zhumabek Tashenev. Nws hais rau lawv tias nrog rau kev tsim hauv tib lub xyoo ntawm "Virgin Land" raws li ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam North Kazakhstan, nws yuav tsum tau xav txog kev hloov pauv tus lej ntawm lwm thaj chaw mus rau Azerbaijan thiab Turkmenistan.
Hais, xws li thaj av loj ntawm Kazakhstan, txawm hais tias yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm nws mus rau hauv "Virgin Land", ua rau qeeb nws txoj kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag. "Thaj av nkauj xwb", uas tau muaj txij thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1960 txog Lub Kaum Hli 1965 suav nrog, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm Kazakhstan, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog tus tswj hwm rau kev coj noj coj ua tsis yog ntawm RSFSR, tab sis ntawm USSR.
D. Kunaev ua ke nrog Zh Tashenev, raws li ib tus neeg xav tau, tawm tsam zoo. Tab sis Kunaev tau raug tshem tawm ntawm chaw ua haujlwm tsuas yog xyoo 1962, thiab tom qab Khrushchev tau tawm haujlwm, nws rov mus rau Kazakhstani Communist Party. Kunaev, yog li, tau txais hom kev suav los ntawm Brezhnev thiab nws cov koom nrog rau kev txhawb nqa yam tsis raug cai ntawm kev koom tes tiv thaiv Khrushchev. Dinmukhamed Kunayev tseem yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv thawj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kazakhstan txog xyoo 1986, thaum yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas "ua yeeb yaj kiab" Khrushchev twb dhau mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb lawm.
Zhumabek Tashenev tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub hauv paus tswj hwm lub koom haum ntawm cov koom pheej ua ntej, twb yog xyoo 1961, tab sis nws tsis muaj lub hom phiaj yuav rov qab mus rau qib siab tom qab Khrushchev tawm haujlwm. Cov kws sau keeb kwm los ntawm Kazakhstan ntseeg tias Kremlin ntshai heev ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv Kunaev-Tashenev tandem.
Hauv qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws portal ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Kazakhstan "Altynord" hnub tim 14 Lub Xya Hli 2014 yog qhov raug: "Khrushchev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau muaj kev xav - kom txiav cov av nyob rau sab qaum teb, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob los ntawm Kazakhstan thiab faib lawv mus rau cov neeg nyob ze.
Ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm Kazakh SSR partykhozaktiv hauv Akmolinsk, uas tom qab dhau los ua Akmola, Khrushchev tau hais tias: "Muaj ib qho lus nug sai - txog thaj tsam ntawm thaj av hauv tebchaws. Nrog Comrade Kunaev thiab lub taub hau ntawm cheeb tsam (qhov twg? - Sau tus ntawv), peb twb tau sib pauv tswv yim txog qhov teeb meem no: lawv txhawb peb qhov kev thov."
Qhov tom kawg yog kev dag dag ncaj ncees, tus yam ntxwv ntawm Khrushchev style ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Comrade Khrushchev ceeb toom: "Rau qhov teeb meem no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam tsis muaj koj kev tso cai." Tab sis tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg sawv cev pov npav rau Khrushchev qhov kev thov ntawm qhov xwm txheej no: feem coob uas tsis xaiv leej twg.
Thiab thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1961, nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm ib pab tub rog nyob hauv thaj tsam Akmola, "tau muaj kev sib tham nrog cov koom pheej koom pheej loj, feem ntau yog cov teeb meem tib yam. Yog tsis muab leej twg los hais, Khrushchev tawm tsam Kunaev. Dab tsi nws tsis tau hais txog nws! "Tab sis rov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Thaum kawg, xyoo 1962, Moscow pib tham txog kev hloov chaw ntawm Mangyshlak Peninsula (qhov no yuav luag 25% ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kazakhstan) tam sim no mus rau Azerbaijan. Lub tswv yim tau xa los ntawm Baku, thiab qhov laj thawj yog tias Mangyshlak tau koom nrog cov roj tsim khoom ntev. Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kazakhstan tau qhia rau tsoomfwv saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm thaj av Shakhmardan Yessenov kom "tawm tsam rov qab".
Ntawm kev sib tham ua ke ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Siab thiab Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm USSR, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Kazakhstan muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj tias Kazakhstan tuaj yeem ua tiav daws tsis tau tsuas yog ua liaj ua teb, tab sis tseem muaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Thiab nws tau ua rau cov neeg tam sim no pom zoo tias cov koom pheej muaj cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv, kev paub ntau yam hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam tsim cov pob zeb hauv av.
Tom qab kev sib tham sib tham, Aleksey Kosygin nws tus kheej tau npaj txhij txog nrog Kazakh Minister. Tsis muaj leej twg tsis kam tawm tsam tus thawj coj muaj cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm RSFSR, thiab vim li ntawd, txoj haujlwm no tsis tau ua. Tsis ntev Khrushchev raug lawb tawm (Lub Kaum Hli 1964), thiab, raws li koj paub, nws tsis yog thawj tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Kazakhstan uas tau ua nws, tab sis cov neeg koom nrog ze tshaj ntawm Nikita Sergeevich …
Nws tseem yog tus yam ntxwv zoo uas nws tau nyob hauv cov xyoo ntawd uas tau hais tawm tsam thaj tsam Kazakhstan tau pib nthuav tawm hauv Suav teb, thawj zaug tau hais tseg hauv qee thaj tsam Suav xov xwm hauv xyoo 1963. Nws kuj tseem zoo uas Suav tus thawj coj tau tswj hwm lawv cov kev xav tau raws sijhawm, thiab tsis nco qab cov lus thov no thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib raug zoo hnyav nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog USSR tom qab ob peb xyoos xwb.
Raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm kev sib koom ua ke daws teeb meem ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Tsoom Fwv thiab Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Xeev ntawm kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig hauv USSR, nws tau npaj nrog siv rau txhua yam tib yam Khrushchev "cov tswv yim." Lawv feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog thaj av ntawm Kazakhstan thiab tus lej ntawm nws cov neeg nyob sib ze. Tab sis txij li cov phiaj xwm no ua tsis tau tiav, Kremlin tau txiav txim siab tuav rov qab qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv ntawd.
Peb twb tau sau tseg tias txoj haujlwm Kazakh, nrog rau Crimea pub dawb rau Ukraine, tsis yog txhais tau tias yog lub ntiaj teb txoj haujlwm ib puag ncig ntawm Khrushchev. Nws txoj kev hloov pauv tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv Kazakhstan, nws yuav zoo li, tsuas yog thawj zaug nkag mus, nyob rau ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb dua li kev faib tawm haiv neeg-thaj av. Txawm hais tias tsuas yog me ntsis ntawm qhov uas ib zaug tau thov los ntawm Khrushchev tau coj los siv, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho Soviet Union nrog kev loj hlob zuj zus ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog.
Nws muaj peev xwm tias kev sib tsoo ntawm Union tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau dua ua ntej. Kev txiav txim los ntawm tus lej, Khrushchev thiab nws "pab pawg" tseem tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis nkag siab qhov no, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus ua lawv cov haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws zoo li Brezhnev, ua ke nrog nws cov phooj ywg, nkag siab zoo los ntawm qhov "pom" lawv tau txuag lub zog loj.
