Lub siab xav muab rab phom muaj zog ntau dua rau hauv lub tank ib txwm yog: nrog rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los, lub zog tua hluav taws yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tank. Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov tso tsheb hlau luam, nws tau paub tias nrog txhua tiam neeg tshiab, lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom tau nce zuj zus. Niaj hnub no, Cov tso tsheb hlau luam sab hnub poob muaj rab phom loj ntawm 120 mm, thiab Soviet (Lavxias) - 125 mm. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj leej twg muaj peev xwm teeb tsa rab phom uas muaj peev xwm siab dua. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, rab phom phom 140 mm tab tom ua haujlwm, thiab hauv Soviet Union (Russia), tau tsim ob peb lub foob pob 152 hli rab phom loj, tab sis tsis muaj ib txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav. Dab tsi yog qhov laj thawj rau kev tsis lees paub ntawm cov phom loj loj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam?
Tank lub hom phiaj txaus ntshai thiab riam phom siv los rhuav tshem lawv
Lub tank yog ntau yam kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab txawb riam phom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, muaj peev xwm ua ob qho kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev thiab ntev nrog kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha ntawm cov koom tes sib koom tes ntawm tes, thiab kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib sib zog nqus thiab ua kom puas tsuaj cov yeeb ncuab tub rog..
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau lub tank yog tso tsheb hlau luam, phom loj (ACS), tiv thaiv lub tank, cov tsheb tiv thaiv me me, muaj zog tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, pab tub rog RPG thiab cov yeeb ncuab lub zog, uas yog, cov hom phiaj hauv kab pom los ntawm lub tank. Txhua lub hom phiaj no muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua txaus ntshai rau lub tank; tiv thaiv txhua tus ntawm lawv lub tank yuav tsum muaj nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li, hauv Arab -Israeli kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1973, lub tank poob tau faib raws li hauv qab no: los ntawm ATGM hluav taws - 50%, dav hlau, RPGs, tiv thaiv lub tank me - 28%, tso tsheb hlau luam - 22%. Kev poob ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog (tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam, tsheb sib tua tub rog, cov tub rog nqa khoom) thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua hauv Donbass xyoo 2014-2016 muaj txog 2596 chav nyob, uas los ntawm MLRS thiab rab phom loj - 45%, ATGM thiab RPG - 28%, tso tsheb hlau luam - 14 % thiab kuv qhov tawg - 13%.
Txhawm rau kov yeej tag nrho cov hom phiaj, lub tank muaj lub ntsiab, pab thiab riam phom ntxiv.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau laij cov lej ntawm RPGs, lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv me me thiab cov yeeb ncuab lub zog, cov pabcuam thiab cov cuab yeej ntxiv ntawm lub tank yog npaj, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom ntev ntawm qhov deb (mus txog 5000 m), cov foob pob uas siv los ntawm rab phom tau siv. Lub koom haum pabcuam thiab riam phom ntxiv ntawm lub tank tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev txhim kho cov phom me me uas muaj peev xwm loj thiab cov foob pob tawg tsis siv neeg.
Rau rab phom tank, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tso tsheb hlau luam, phom loj (rab phom rau tus kheej), tiv thaiv lub tank thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab zoo. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau lub hom phiaj, cov mos txwv suav nrog plaub hom mos txwv: cov cuab yeej siv phom-sub-caliber, sib sau ua ke, cov foob pob tawg loj tawg thiab cov cuaj luaj. Hauv qhov no, lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm BPS thiab OFS tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm qhov projectile, thiab KMS thiab UR tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub dav hlau sib sau ua ke.
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv tank
Txog BPS, thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile yog qhov txiav txim siab, thiab rau OFS, qhov nrawm thiab qhov hnyav (qhov muaj peev xwm) ntawm qhov projectile, vim tias qhov muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tawg thiab ua kom puas rau lub hom phiaj. Hauv qhov no, lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm BPS thiab OFS nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm thiab ncaj qha sib piv rau nws qhov hnyav, uas yog, nce ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, thiab tsis yog nws qhov hnyav, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua.
Rau KMS thiab UR, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws tsuas yog muab lub sijhawm los nce qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tawg, thiab rau UR kuj tseem muaj cov foob pob hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj kev cia siab ntau ntxiv kom tsis yog qhov muaj peev xwm, tab sis qhov pib nrawm ntawm qhov projectile, txiav txim siab los ntawm lub qhov ncauj lub zog ntawm rab phom, uas tuaj yeem siab dua tsis yog los ntawm kev nce lub peev xwm.
Xav txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm BPS, KMS thiab UR hais txog kev tsoo lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias, vim qhov nrawm ntawm KMS thiab UR, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tau pom tawm tsam lawv - kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab nquag. Yuav ua li cas kev sib cav ntawm lawv yuav xaus yog tseem tsis paub.
Kev siv BPS nrawm dua rau kev siv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv tub rog, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab nquag siv hauv kev sib piv nrog cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv, yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, thiab rau lawv, qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis yog qhov muaj peev xwm, tab sis thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile.
Ib qho ntxiv, qhov nce ntawm qhov pib nrawm ntawm qhov projectile nrog lub zog ua kom lub zog muaj lub cev txwv rau 2200-2400 m / s, thiab nce ntxiv hauv qhov hnyav ntawm kev them nqi vim qhov nce hauv qhov muaj peev xwm tsis muab nce kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, hauv qhov no, yuav tsum siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tshiab ntawm qhov projectile pov.
Cov cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem yog kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (ETS) phom siv lub teeb roj (hydrogen, helium) ua lub zog tiv thaiv, muab qhov pib ua haujlwm nrawm ntawm 2500-3000 m / s lossis phom hluav taws xob nrog qhov pib qhov nrawm ntawm 4000-5000 m / s. Kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no tau tshwm sim txij li xyoo 70, tab sis cov yam ntxwv uas siv tau ntawm cov "phom-projectile" cov tshuab tseem tsis tau ua tiav vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tso hluav taws xob tso hluav taws xob nrog qhov ntim ntau hauv qhov xav tau qhov ntev.
Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm OFS tseem tuaj yeem tsis yog los ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ntau ntxiv, tab sis los ntawm kev tsim cov foob pob ntau dua thiab kev txhim kho ntawm tiam neeg tshiab ntawm OFS nrog rau kev muab lub foob pob tawg ntawm qhov projectile hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas siv tau. fuse nyob ze lossis nrog lub fuse nyob deb ntawm qhov muab, qhia rau hauv qhov projectile thaum lub sijhawm thauj phom, ua haujlwm uas tau ua txij li xyoo 70s.
Ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phom loj ib txwm ua rau muaj zog tua hluav taws, tab sis tus nqi siab dhau. Txog qhov no koj yuav tsum tau them nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim lub tank thiab lub tshuab nqa tsis siv neeg txuas nrog rau kev tso phom loj dua thiab cov mos txwv muaj zog, nce hauv phau ntawv ntim, nce ntawm cov cuab yeej loj, phom, mos txwv thiab cov khoom sib dhos tsis siv neeg, nrog rau kev txo qis hauv cov mos txwv.
Kev teeb tsa rab phom 152-mm rau ntawm Boxer thiab Object 195 tso tsheb hlau luam
Kev nce hauv lub zog tua hluav taws vim qhov nce ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov hnyav ntawm lub tank thiab vim li ntawd, kom txo qis nws txoj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los, uas yog, feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tsawg.
Ib qho piv txwv yog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tank vam tias "Boxer" tau tsim los ntawm KMDB thaum ib nrab xyoo 1980s, "ib nrab ncua" 152-mm cannon 2A73. Kev txhim kho ntawm lub tank pib nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm 130-mm cannon, tab sis raws li qhov kev thov ntawm GRAU, lub peev xwm tau nce ntxiv thiab 152-mm 2A73 rab phom nrog cais kev tsim khoom tau tsim rau lub tank. Rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg coob, cov mos txwv thauj khoom los ntawm lub turret tau tsiv mus rau qhov sib cais ntawm cov tub rog uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab MTO, uas coj mus rau lub lengthening ntawm lub tank hull, kev txhim kho ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj ntawm cov tsis siv neeg loader thiab nce hauv nws pawg. Qhov loj ntawm lub tank pib poob tawm ntau dua 50 tons; txhawm rau txo nws, titanium pib siv rau hauv pob ntawv teev npe pem hauv ntej thiab hauv kev tsim cov chassis ntawm lub tank, uas nyuaj tsim thiab nce tus nqi.
Tom qab ntawd, lawv hloov mus rau cov mos txwv sib sau ua ke thiab muab tso rau hauv chav sib ntaus. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tank tau poob qis, tab sis kev tso cov mos txwv ua ke nrog cov neeg coob tau txo qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm lub tank. Nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm Union, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tank tau txwv.
Ib qho kev sim txhawm rau teeb tsa tib yam "ib nrab ncua" 152-mm cannon 2A83 tau ua rau ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj 195 lub tank, uas tau tsim los ntawm Uralvagonzavod thaum ntxov 90s, nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv cov hnab looj tes hauv lub tank hull. Txoj haujlwm no tseem tsis tau siv thiab kaw. Kuv xav tias vim muaj teeb meem nrog lub tank loj vim yog siv rab phom 152 mm thiab ua tsis tau raws li qhov ua tau raws cov yam ntxwv xav tau hauv qhov muab rau hauv lub tank. Ntawm Armata lub tank, pom tseeb, suav nrog qhov kev paub dhau los hauv cov haujlwm no, lawv kuj tseem tsis kam teeb tsa rab phom 152-mm.
Kev sim txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho rab phom 152-mm ntawm lub tank hauv Soviet (Lavxias) lossis hauv Western cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, suav nrog vim qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav chaw ntawm lub tank.
Ua kom lub zog tua hluav taws ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev nce lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom tsis yog qhov cog lus; qhov no yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rab phom-phiaj xwm txheej siv cov tswv yim tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis uas tso cai ua kom muaj zog tua hluav taws yam tsis txo lub tank kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los.
