Tsov rog tiv thaiv dav hlau Soviet ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, 21,645 lub dav hlau raug tua los ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua hauv av ntawm cov tub rog hauv av, suav nrog 4047 lub dav hlau nrog phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm 76 hli thiab ntau dua, thiab 14,657 lub dav hlau nrog phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau, phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, yog tias tsim nyog, feem ntau raug tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Piv txwv li, hauv Tsov Rog Kursk, 15 pawg tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank loj tau koom nrog kaum ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85 hli. Qhov ntsuas no, tau kawg, raug yuam, vim tias cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau kim dua, tsis muaj kev txav mus los, thiab lawv nyuaj rau camouflage.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau coob zuj zus thaum ua tsov rog. Qhov nce ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau me me yog qhov tshwj xeeb, yog li thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1942, muaj txog 1600 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1945, muaj txog 19 800 phom. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov phom phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, hauv USSR thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv tus kheej (ZSU), muaj peev xwm nrog thiab npog cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tsis tau tsim dua.
Ib feem, qhov xav tau cov tsheb zoo li no tau txaus siab los ntawm Asmeskas plaub npaug 12, 7-mm ZSU M17 tau txais nyob rau hauv Qiv-Lease, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm M3 ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog.
ZWM M17
Cov ZSU no tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm kev taug kev los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua. Ib qho ntxiv, M17s tau ua tiav siv thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog, ua rau muaj hluav taws hnyav nyob rau hauv cov tsev siab.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev npog cov tub rog ntawm kev taug kev tau raug xa mus rau feem ntau yog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab (ZPU) ntawm 7, 62-12, 7-mm caliber tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom.
Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm 25-mm 72-K phom ntev, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1940, tau pib tsuas yog nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev tswj hwm cov khoom loj. Ib tus lej ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm 72-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau qiv los ntawm 37-hli tsis siv neeg phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Xyoo 1939 61-K.
Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom 72-K
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 72-K tau npaj rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm qib phom loj thiab hauv Pab Pawg Liab tau tuav txoj haujlwm nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau phom tshuab DShK thiab muaj zog dua 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau. 61 -K Nws. Lawv kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, tab sis muaj ntau qhov me me.
Lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau 72-K nyob tom qab ntawm lub tsheb
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 72-K thiab kev sib koom ua ke 94-KM raws li lawv tau siv los tiv thaiv kev ya qis thiab dhia dej. Hais txog cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, lawv tau qis dua li 37-mm phom ntev.
94-KM chav nyob ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom
Kev tsim lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm lub peev xwm no nrog lub clip-ntawm kev thauj khoom tsis zoo li qhov tseeb. Kev siv lub tshuab ntim khoom rau lub me-caliber tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab txo qis qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, me ntsis dhau ntawm 37-mm 61-K rab phom tshuab hauv qhov ntsuas no. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis zoo rau nws ntau, qhov siab thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov projectile. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm 25mm 72-K tsis ntau dua li tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm 37mm 61-K.
Kev teeb tsa ib feem ntawm rab phom ntawm lub tsheb tsis muaj plaub lub log uas tshem tau yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thuam raws li kev sib piv nrog cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau txawv teb chaws ntawm cov chav kawm zoo sib xws.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias 25 hli lub plhaub nws tus kheej tsis phem. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres, lub foob pob ua ntxaij hlau hnyav 280 grams, nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 900 m / s, nkag mus rau 30-mm cov cuab yeej ua rog raws li qhov qub.
Thaum tsim chav nyob nrog daim kab xev pub, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov hluav taws kub siab, uas tau ua tiav tom qab kev ua tsov rog hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau 25-hli tshuab rab phom tsim rau Navy.
Nrog qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1945, kev tsim khoom ntawm 72-K tau txiav tawm, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum ntxov 60s, txog thaum 23 mm ZU-23-2 tau hloov pauv.
Ntau qhov dav tshaj yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 37-hli ntawm xyoo 1939 61-K qauv, tsim los ntawm Swedish 40-mm Bofors rab phom.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tsis siv neeg ntawm xyoo 1939 yog ib rab phom me me uas muaj rab peev xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv neeg ntawm plaub lub tsheb thauj khoom uas muaj plaub lub log sib cais.
Cov phom tsis siv neeg yog ua raws li kev siv lub zog rov qab los raws li cov phiaj xwm nrog kev thim rov qab luv ntawm lub thoob. Txhua qhov kev nqis tes ua tsim nyog rau kev txhaj tshuaj (qhib lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tom qab txhaj tshuaj nrog tshem lub tes tsho, tsoo tus neeg ntaus, muab cov mos mos tso rau hauv chav, kaw lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tso tus neeg tawm tsam) tau ua tiav. Lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom thiab kev muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov cartridges rau hauv lub khw yog nqa tawm ntawm tus kheej.
Raws li kev coj ua ntawm kev pabcuam phom, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm thaj tsam li 4 km thiab ntawm qhov chaw siab txog 3 km. Yog tias tsim nyog, rab phom tuaj yeem siv ua tiav rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, suav nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
61-K thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg yog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau pem hauv ntej.
Thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, kev lag luam tau muab rau Red Army nrog ntau dua 22,600 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. 1939. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, SU-37 tus kheej tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, tsim los ntawm SU-76M rab phom tua tus kheej thiab siv phom 37-hli 61-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau., pib nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog.
phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau SU-37
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, tau tsim ob rab phom V-47, uas suav nrog ob rab phom 61-K ntawm lub laub nqa plaub lub log.
ob rab phom mount V-47
Txawm hais tias qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm 61-K tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1946, lawv tseem ua haujlwm ntev thiab tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsov kev rog ntawm txhua lub tebchaws.
37-hli anti-aircraft phom mod. Xyoo 1939 tau nquag siv thaum Tsov Rog Kauslim los ntawm ob pawg North Kauslim thiab Suav. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov, rab phom tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo, tab sis qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus tua tau sau tseg. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1952 ntawm 36 P-51 lub dav hlau nrog rau 61-K kev faib, vim qhov ntawd 8 lub dav hlau raug tua (raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv), thiab kev faib faib poob rau ib rab phom thiab 12 tus neeg los ntawm cov neeg coob.
Hauv xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, rab phom tau xa tawm mus rau ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb, hauv cov tub rog ntawm ntau yam uas nws tseem siv tau niaj hnub no. Ntxiv rau USSR, rab phom tau tsim tawm hauv tebchaws Poland, ntxiv rau hauv Suav teb raws li lub npe Hom 55. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv Suav teb, raws li Hom 69 lub tank, Hom 88 nws tus kheej-propelled ntxaib anti-aircraft phom tau tsim.
61-K kuj tau siv ua haujlwm thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj (qhov no, ib rab phom ib nrab ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua tus kheej raws li T-34 lub tank, hu ua Hom 63, tau siv). Siv rab phom ntev 37-mm. Xyoo 1939 thiab thaum tsov rog Arab-Israeli, nrog rau thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau yam hauv tebchaws Africa thiab lwm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb.
Qhov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau no tej zaum yog qhov "sib cav" tshaj plaws ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas nws tau siv. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub dav hlau tua los ntawm nws tsis paub, tab sis peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws siab dua li ntawm lwm yam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Tsuas yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nruab nrab uas tsim tawm hauv USSR thaum tsov rog yog 85-hli tiv thaiv dav hlau phom. 1939g ua.
Thaum ua tsov rog, xyoo 1943, txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab nce kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm rab phom, tsis hais txog lub kaum sab xis siab dua, siv lub tshuab rab phom 85 mm tshiab. Xyoo 1939 nrog lub tshuab luam ntawv semiautomatic, tsis siv neeg reel ceev tswj thiab cov chav yooj yim.
Lub Ob Hlis 1944. rab phom no, uas tau txais lub Hoobkas ntsuas KS-12, tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj.
Xyoo 1944, 85-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1944 (KS -1). Nws tau txais los ntawm kev siv lub foob pob 85-hli tshiab ntawm lub tsheb ntawm 85-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom dav hlau. Xyoo 1939 Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj sia nyob ntawm cov thoob thiab txo tus nqi tsim khoom. KS-1 tau txais yuav thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, 1945.
85 hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau KS-1
Rau lub hom phiaj phom raws li PUAZO cov ntaub ntawv, tau txais cov khoom siv tau teeb tsa, txuas nrog los ntawm kev sib txuas lus sib txuas nrog PUAZO. Kev teeb tsa fuse nrog kev pab los ntawm lub fuse installer tau ua tiav raws li PUAZO cov ntaub ntawv lossis ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm tus thawj coj 85 mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom ntev. Xyoo 1939 tau nruab nrog PUAZO-Z tau txais cov cuab yeej, thiab 85-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom ntev. 1944 - PUAZO -4A.
Rangefinder xam PUAZO-3
Thaum pib xyoo 1947, tau txais rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85-mm tshiab KS-18 rau kev sim.
KS-18 rab phom loj yog plaub lub log tsheb uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 3600 kg nrog lub torsion bar raug tshem tawm, uas lub tshuab nrog lub ntsuas hnyav 3300 kg tau teeb tsa. Cov phom tau nruab nrog lub tais thiab lub rammer projectile. Vim tias qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob thiab kev siv lub zog muaj zog ntau dua, thaj chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv qhov siab tau nce los ntawm 8 txog 12 km. Camora KS-18 zoo ib yam nrog 85 mm D-44 phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Lub phom tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm synchronous thiab PUAZO-6 tau txais cov cuab yeej.
KS-18 rab phom tau pom zoo rau kev pabcuam nrog rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau loj thiab cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm RVK es tsis txhob siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85 hli. 1939 thiab arr. 1944
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, ntau dua 14,000 85-mm anti-aircraft phom ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau tsim. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, lawv tau ua haujlwm nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, sib faib phom loj (pawg tub rog), tub rog thiab RVK, thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua (sib faib) ntawm tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85-hli tau koom nrog hauv kev tsis sib haum hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Nyab Laj, qhov uas lawv pom lawv tus kheej zoo. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm cov phom no feem ntau yuam cov kws tsav dav hlau Asmeskas kom txav mus rau qhov chaw siab, qhov uas lawv tau raug hluav taws los ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau me me.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85-hli tau siv hauv USSR txog thaum ib nrab xyoo 60s, txog thaum lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua los ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau.
