Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tub rog ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj cov lej tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua hauv cheeb tsam pem hauv ntej tau ua los ntawm 20-37-mm nrawm-hluav taws rub thiab rub tus kheej tua phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau.
Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj-rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau nrawm hauv tebchaws Yelemes ntev ua ntej Nazis tuaj txog. Rov qab rau xyoo 1914, tus kws tsim qauv German Reinhold Becker tau nthuav tawm tus qauv ntawm rab phom 20 mm rau 20x70 mm projectile. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau raws li qhov rov qab ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj dawb thiab ua ntej qhov hluav taws xob ua ntej ntawm lub hauv paus kom txog thaum daim cartridge raug tso tawm tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg no ua rau cov riam phom yooj yim heev, tab sis txwv lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm qhov projectile tsis pub dhau 500 m / s. Cov zaub mov tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm tau rau 12 lub plhaub. Nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1370 mm, qhov hnyav ntawm 20 mm cannon tsuas yog 30 kg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa nws ntawm lub dav hlau. Hauv qhov no, tsawg tus "Becker phom" tau teeb tsa ntawm Gotha G1 cov foob pob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog lub tuam tsev ntawm imperial lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1916 xaj 120 20-mm rab phom. Muaj cov phiaj xwm yuav pib tsim cov phom loj tsis siv neeg, suav nrog kev tawm tsam lub dav hlau, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau los txog rau qhov tsim ntau ntawm 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ua ntej lub teb chaws Yelemees kev swb.
Tom qab swb ntawm cov neeg German hauv kev ua rog, txhua txoj cai rau cov riam phom no tau xa mus rau Swiss tuam txhab Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon. Xyoo 1927, Oerlikon cov kws tshaj lij tau coj tus qauv mus rau cov khoom lag luam, uas tom qab ntawd hu ua 1S. Tsis zoo li "Becker cannon", rab phom tshuab 20 -mm tshiab tau tsim rau lub zog loj dua ntawm 20 × 110 mm, nrog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile hnyav 117 g - 830 m / s. Qhov phom loj uas tsis siv lub tshuab yog 68 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 450 rds / min. Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm "Oerlikon" lub tuam txhab nws tau qhia tias qhov siab nce mus txog 3 km, hauv thaj tsam - 4,4 km. Lub peev xwm tiag tiag ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau "Erlikon" tau coj los siv ntau dua.
Hauv Wehrmacht, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau txais lub npe 2.0 cm Flak 28, thiab hauv Luftwaffe nws tau hu ua 2.0 cm VKPL vz. 36. Hauv tag nrho, nruab nrab ntawm 1940 thiab 1944, Oerlikon tau muab 7,013 20-mm phom ntev, 14.76 lab puag ncig, 12,520 lub thoob phom thiab 40,000 lub mos txwv thawv rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Romania. Ntau pua ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no raug ntes los ntawm pab tub rog German hauv Belgium, Holland thiab Norway.
20-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau "Erlikons" muab rau lub dav hlau tau teeb tsa rau ntawm cov tsheb nqaj hlau, kom muaj kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov khoom siv txawb, muaj kev xaiv nrog lub tshuab siv lub tshuab thiab lub log uas tshem tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no tsis tas ib txwm ua. Pillar mounts feem ntau tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov hauv thaj chaw muaj zog, thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub tswg tau muab tso rau ntau yam khoom siv ntab, lossis siv tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov tub rog hauv paus.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws ntawm 2, 0 cm Flak 28, vim tias tus nqi hluav taws tsawg thiab siv lub thawv ntawv xov xwm rau 15 thiab cov ntawv xov xwm nruas rau 30 ncig, yog qhov me me, feem ntau, vim qhov yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha tsim thiab qhov hnyav thiab tus yam ntxwv zoo, nws yog qhov riam phom zoo nrog rau kev tua ntau yam rau lub hom phiaj huab cua - txog li 1.5 km. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, peb hu tag nrho 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "erlikons", txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm lub phom German tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm tib lub peev xwm. Raws li German cov ntaub ntawv, Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe thiab Kringsmarin tsuas muaj ntau dua 3,000 2, 0 cm Flak 28 kev teeb tsa.
Cov txheej txheem, 20-mm MG-FF lub dav hlau phom tsim xyoo 1936 los ntawm lub tuam txhab German Ikaria Werke Berlin raws li Swiss rab phom tsis siv neeg Oerlikon FF muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog 2, 0 cm Flak 28 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ya dav hlau MG-FF thiab 2, 0 cm Flak 28 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau yog siv rab phom 20x80 mm uas tsis muaj zog ntau. Piv rau Swiss Oerlikon FF, qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob thiab cov khoom thauj khoom tau nce los ntawm 60 hli. Txhawm rau ua kom lub dav hlau rab phom loj, 15 lub suab paj nruag los yog nruas rau 30, 45 thiab 100 lub plhaub tau siv. Qhov projectile hnyav 117 g, tawm ntawm lub thoob 820 mm ntev nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 580 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws tsis tshaj 540 rds / min.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau muaj peev xwm nkag tau yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom sij thiab qhov tsis muaj zog tiv taus qhov tawg ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1940, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Ballistics ntawm Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Luftwaffe tau tsim ib qho me me- walled high-explosive projectile nrog lub siab coefficient ntawm txhaws nrog cov khoom tawg. Lub plhaub nyias ntawm lub projectile tau ua los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus daim duab los ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb hlau thiab tawv los ntawm quenching. Piv nrog rau yav dhau los qhov kev faib ua ntu nruab nrab nruab nrog 3 g ntawm pentrite, qhov ntim puv tau nce los ntawm 4 txog 20%. Qhov tshiab 20-mm projectile, xaiv Minengeschoss (German lub plhaub-kuv), muaj cov yas tawg raws li hexogen nrog ntxiv cov hmoov txhuas. Qhov tawg no, uas kwv yees kwv yees li 2 zaug muaj zog dua TNT, tau pom los ntawm kev nce siab ntau thiab ua rau muaj mob hnyav. Kev hnyav hnyav ncua-kev ua haujlwm fuse ua rau nws tuaj yeem tawg qhov projectile hauv lub dav hlau qauv, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tsis rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis rau airframe lub zog teeb tsa. Yog li thaum lub foob pob tawg tshiab tsoo lub hauv paus ntawm tus neeg tua rog lub tis, nws tau tawg ntau zaus. Txij li qhov projectile tshiab muaj cov hlau tsawg, nws qhov hnyav tau txo los ntawm 117 txog 94 g, uas, nyeg, cuam tshuam rau kev thim rov qab quab yuam ntawm rab phom dawb. Txhawm rau khaws cia kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom ua kom lub qhov rooj kaw thiab txo qhov quab yuam ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los.
Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm rab phom tau muab rau MG-FF / M qhov ntsuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov mos txwv rau MG-FF qub version thiab MG-FF / M tshiab tsis hloov pauv tau. Kev hloov pauv rau kev tsim riam phom tau tsawg heev thiab muaj pes tsawg tus MG-FF cov phom loj raug rho tawm los ntawm kev hloov lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los tau hloov kho hauv cov rooj cob qhia hauv thaj tsam mus rau qib MG-FF / M. Txawm hais tias kev qhia txog lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab tshiab tau nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua, lub hom phiaj tua ntau yam txawm tias loj heev thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub dav hlau tsis tshaj 500 m.
Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1941, rab phom MG-FF twb tau tso tseg lawm kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no. Nws qhov hnyav tsawg thiab thev naus laus zis yooj yim tsis tau them nyiaj los ntawm qhov tsis zoo: qhov hluav taws kub qis, qis qhov muzzle tshaj tawm thiab cov nruas loj. Kev saws tus tshiab MG.151 / 20 rab phom dav hlau dav hlau nrog txoj siv sia ntawm cov mos txwv, txawm hais tias nyuaj dua thiab hnyav dua, tab sis kuj tseem ntau dua qhov hluav taws kub thiab raug, maj mam coj mus rau qhov tshem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau "Erlikon" los ntawm kev pabcuam.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, ntau lub phom 20-mm nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom tau rov ua txoj hmoo ntawm 7, 92-mm MG.15 / 17 thiab 13-mm MG.131 tshuab rab phom tshem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau. Ntau pua lub dav hlau rab phom tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw sib tw, uas tau siv rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm tshav dav hlau thiab riam phom ntawm cov nkoj me me. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov "hauv av" MG-FFs hais txog qhov ntau thiab qhov raug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau qis dua li 20-mm tshwj xeeb phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tau xub tsim los rau cov mos txwv muaj zog dua. Yog li qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tua tau ntau yam ntawm MG-FF tiv thaiv dav hlau yog 800 m.
Cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg German nyob rau lub sijhawm ua rog yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm 2.0 cm FlaK 30 thiab 2.0 cm Flak 38, sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qee cov ntsiab lus. Raws li hauv qab no, lawv cov npe yog 2, 0 cm FlaK 30 (German.2, 0 cm Flugzeugabwehrkanone 30-20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm xyoo 1930 tus qauv) tau tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall xyoo 1930 thiab tau tso cai ua haujlwm xyoo 1934. Ntxiv rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm no tau ua haujlwm raug cai hauv Bulgaria, Holland, Lithuania, Tuam Tshoj thiab Finland. Qhov zoo ntawm Flak 30 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau yog: kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm sai sai thiab sib sau ua ke, thiab qhov hnyav me me.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv lub tshuab 20-mm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau yog ua raws li kev siv lub zog thim rov qab nrog lub zog luv luv. Kev teeb tsa muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab thiab cov khoom siv mos txwv los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm carob rau 20 lub plhaub. Tus nqi tua hluav taws 240 rds / min.
Thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, rab phom tau muab tso rau ntawm ob lub log tsav thiab ruaj ntseg nrog ob tus ncej thiab tus pin txuas. Nws tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb los tshem tus pin, tom qab uas cov clamps tau xoob, thiab cov kab ke, nrog rau kev nqa phom tuaj yeem ua rau hauv av qis. Lub tsheb thauj khoom tau muab qhov ua tau ntawm cov hluav taws ncig nrog lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws ntawm 90 °.
Lub tsev tsis pom kev tau tsim cov kab ntsug thiab ib sab. Cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov pom tau nkag mus rau tus kheej thiab txiav txim siab pom qhov muag, tshwj tsis yog rau qhov ntau, uas tau ntsuas los ntawm lub tshuab tso suab ntau.
Txij li 20-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau feem ntau siv rau kev txhawb nqa hluav taws ntawm cov chav hauv av, pib xyoo 1940, qee qhov ntawm lawv tau raug tso tawm nrog daim thaiv tiv thaiv kev tawg. Qhov hnyav ntawm 2, 0 cm FlaK 30 nrog lub log taug kev yam tsis muaj daim ntaub thaiv yog kwv yees li 740 kg, hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus - 450 kg.
Rau kev tua los ntawm 2, 0 cm FlaK 30, siv cov mos txwv 20 × 138 mm, nrog lub zog qhov ncauj ntau dua li qhov projectiles ntawm 20 × 110 mm, npaj rau rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub tuam txhab "Oerlikon" 2, 0 cm Flak 28. Cov khoom tawg tawg sib tsoo sib tsoo qhov hnyav 115 g sab laug chim FlaK 30 nrog ceev ntawm 900 m / s. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv khauj khaum hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo. Qhov hnyav tom ntej no hnyav 140 g thiab, ntawm qhov pib nrawm ntawm 830 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 m, nws tau hle 20 mm cov cuab yeej. Hauv kev xav, rab phom tiv thaiv 20-mm tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab tshaj 3000 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog mus txog 4800 m.
Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm los siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua hauv av, ob qhov kev hloov pauv ntxiv tau tsim: 2.0 cm FlaK C / 30 thiab G-Wagen I (E) leichte FlaK.
Ib rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm C / 35 tus neeg nqa tsheb nrog 20 lub thoob nruas xov xwm tau npaj rau caj npab ua rog, tab sis feem ntau nws tau siv tas li, txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tsim vaj tsev. Muaj ntau yam phom antiaircraft nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa Atlantic. G-Wagen I (E) leichte FlaK cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb kev tsheb nqaj hlau, nws tau nruab nrog lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tsim los tiv thaiv kev sib tshuam loj ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab qhov kev hloov kho no kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau.
Kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws ntawm German 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tshwm sim hauv Spain. Feem ntau, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej zoo, nws tau dhau los ua qhov zoo sib xws tiv thaiv cov foob pob thiab lub tso tsheb hlau luam muaj rau cov Republicans. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv 2, 0 cm Flak 30 hauv Spain, Mauser hloov kho rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tus qauv hloov kho tshiab hu ua 2, 0 cm Flak 38. Lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshiab siv tib lub mos txwv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob kuj tseem zoo ib yam.
Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm 2.0 cm Flak 38 automation tsis tau hloov pauv piv rau 2.0 cm Flak 30. Tab sis ua tsaug rau qhov txo qis hauv qhov hnyav ntawm qhov txav chaw thiab nce lawv qhov nrawm, qhov hluav taws kub tau nce yuav luag 2 zaug - txog li 420-480 rds / min. Kev taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv qhov chaw nrawm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua ke qhib lub qhov rooj nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob rau nws. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nce kev poob siab, tshwj xeeb poob siab absorbers tau qhia. Cov kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau kev tsim tsheb thauj khoom tau dhau los ua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tshwj xeeb, kev nrawm thib ob tau qhia hauv phau ntawv qhia kev tsav tsheb. Kev xa khoom loj ntawm 2, 0 cm Flak 38 rau cov tub rog tau pib nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1941.
Heev feem ntau, 2, 0 cm Flak 38 tau teeb tsa ntawm ntau lub platform txawb: ib nrab-khiav SdKfz 10/4 tsheb laij teb, Sd. Kfz cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. 251, Czech-made teeb tso tsheb hlau luam Pz. Kpfw. 38 (t), German Pz. Kpfw. Kuv thiab Opel Blitz cov tsheb thauj khoom. Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm tus kheej tau nyiam kom txav mus rau txhua kab, npog thaj chaw ntawm kev mloog zoo, thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ib yam nrog lwm lub tsheb tiv thaiv phom tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av.
Tsis tas li ntawd rau Kringsmarine, ib kem mount 2, 0 cm FlaK C / 38 thiab lub txim taws 2, 0 cm FlaK-Zwilling 38 tau tsim. tau tsim thiab txij li xyoo 1942 tau tsim tawm ntau - ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom hnyav, muab kev thauj mus los ntawm rab phom hauv txoj kev "pob". Nws qhov sib dhos hnyav yog 360 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom ib leeg hauv pob: los ntawm 31 txog 57 kg. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob thiab tus nqi hluav taws ntawm lub roob rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tseem nyob ntawm qib 2.0 cm Flak 38. Hauv qhov chaw tua, thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv daim thaiv, qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tau nce mus txog 406 kg, lub log tsav - 468 kg.
Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1939, txhua qhov Wehrmacht cov tub rog nyob hauv lub xeev tau xav tias yuav muaj 12 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tus naj npawb ntawm Flak-30 / 38s zoo ib yam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dav hlau txuas rau lub tank thiab kev sib cais ntawm lub cev. Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev siv 20-mm hauv German cov tub rog tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas los ntawm Ministry of Armaments. Raws li lub Tsib Hlis 1944, Wehrmacht thiab SS cov tub rog muaj 6 355 Flak-30/38 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab Luftwaffe chav muab German tiv thaiv huab cua muaj ntau dua 20,000 20-rab phom loj. Ob peb txhiab ntau 20-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj ntawm cov tub rog thiab thauj cov nkoj, nrog rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov hauv paus tub rog.
Cov phom loj German tsis siv neeg 2, 0 cm Flak 38 thiab 2, 0 cm Flak 30 thaum lub sijhawm lawv tsim los ntawm cov kev pabcuam nyuaj, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus hauv lawv qhov muaj peev xwm yog kab tias zoo tshaj plaws phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv xov xwm muab cov mos txwv hnyav txwv qhov kev sib ntaus ntawm cov hluav taws. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm cov tuam txhab riam phom Mauser, raws li 2, 0 cm Flak 38 tshuab rab phom, tsim 20-mm plaub lub dav hlau tua phom 2, 0 cm Vierlings-Flugabwehrkanone 38 (German 2-cm quad anti-aircraft) phom). Hauv cov tub rog, qhov txheej txheem no feem ntau hu ua - 2,0 cm Flakvierling 38.
Qhov hnyav ntawm plaub plaub 20-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua ntau dua 1.5 tons. Lub tsheb thauj mus los tso cai tua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia nrog lub kaum ntse ntse nce ntawm −10 ° txog + 100 °. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 1800 rds / min, uas ua rau muaj feem yuav ua rau lub hom phiaj nce ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus lej ntawm kev suav hauv kev sib piv nrog rab phom rab phom 20-mm sib tsoo ib ob npaug thiab muaj txog 8 leej. Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm Flakvierling 38 txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 3,768 chav hloov mus rau pab tub rog.
Txij li qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev ntawm chav tsev plaub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, lawv feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nyob, npaj tau zoo hauv txoj haujlwm engineering thiab teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau. Hauv qhov no, kev suav ua ntej tau npog nrog daim thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob.
Zoo li 2.0 cm Flak 38, 2.0 cm Flakvierling 38 quad rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv los tsim rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub chassis ntawm cov tsheb laij teb ib nrab, cov tub rog nqa khoom thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Tej zaum SPAAG nto moo tshaj plaws, uas siv plaub rab phom 20 mm plaub, yog Flakpanzer IV "Wirbelwind" (German: Lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau IV "Smerch"), tsim los ntawm PzKpfw IV lub tank nruab nrab.
Thawj SPAAG tau tsim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944 ntawm Ostbau Werke cog hauv Sagan (Silesia, tam sim no yog thaj av Poland). Txog qhov no, lub chassis ntawm PzKpfw IV lub tank puas tsuaj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab rov qab kho dua tshiab tau siv. Hloov chaw ntawm tus qauv pej thuam, ib qho tshiab tau teeb tsa-cuaj-ob sab qhib-sab saum toj, uas muaj lub tsev plaub plaub 20-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov tsis muaj lub ru tsev tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov xav tau los saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej huab cua, ntxiv rau, thaum tua los ntawm plaub lub thoob, ntau cov hmoov av tau tso tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev suav hauv qhov kaw. ntim. Cov mos txwv hnyav ntawm 3200 20-mm zoo li tau muab tso rau hauv lub tank hull.
Kev xa khoom ntawm ZSU Flakpanzer IV rau cov tub rog tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944. Txog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1945, tag nrho ntawm 122 kev teeb tsa tau tsim, uas 100 tau sib sau ua ke ntawm lub chassis ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm tau txais kev kho. Feem ntau ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv "Smerchi" raug xa mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj zog tiv thaiv zoo, ua kom muaj zog thiab txav mus los nyob rau theem ntawm lub hauv paus chassis, ntxiv rau qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm plaub lub phom phom ua rau Flakpanzer IV muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau npog rau lub tank, thiab muab lub peev xwm los tawm tsam tsis yog huab cua nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv cov neeg muaj zog thiab muaj zog.
Feem ntau, rab phom tshuab 20-mm muaj rau cov tub rog German tiv thaiv dav hlau yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua nyob ze thaj tsam, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau hauv av dav hlau thiab cov foob pob pem hauv ntej. Qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso ib leeg-barreled thiab plaub-chav nyob rau ntau yam, suav nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej lub cev. Kev suav nrog ZSU nrog cov phom loj 20-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom hauv kev thauj mus los thiab tub rog, nrog rau lawv tso rau ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua ntawm Soviet Il-2 nres dav hlau thiab yuam kev faib nyiaj. ntawm pab pawg tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov kws paub txog kev sim tua hluav taws ntawm MZA.
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau cia, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hais txog yuav ua li cas 20-mm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua phom los ntawm cov hneev hneev taw ntawm lub dav hlau tua. Tau kawg, thaum lub pob zeb me me uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub pob zeb tawg tau raug tsoo, txawm tias muaj cov cuab yeej me me ntawm lub kaum sab xis siab, qhov kev nplua nuj yog qhov ua tau. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias 20-hli riam phom-tho qhov hluav taws kub thiab tawg tawg ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub IL-2.
Peb lub dav hlau ua phem raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev los ntawm hluav taws ntawm MZA. Raws li kev paub txog kev ua siab phem thiab tswj kev tua ntawm thaj tsam pom, Il-2 lub npog ntsej muag lub ntsej muag feem ntau tsis tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm 20-mm kev tawg thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom. Txhawm rau plam qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pab pawg uas tau tsav los ntawm lub dav hlau tua, nws feem ntau txaus los tsoo ib 20-mm tawg qhov projectile hauv ib feem ntawm lub cav. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub npog ntsej muag hauv qee kis mus txog 160 hli txoj kab uas hla. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cockpit kuj tseem tsis tau muab kev tiv thaiv txaus tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm 20-mm zoo li. Thaum tsoo lub fuselage txhawm rau tshem tawm IL-2, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm 6-8 tsoo ntawm 20-mm tawg ua lub plhaub. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub cev yog los ntawm 120 txog 130 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov yuav ua rau lub plhaub tawg yuav tawg ua rau lub dav hlau nres lub dav hlau tswj lub xov tooj tau siab heev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo li qub, kev sib koom ntawm cov kev tswj hwm (rudders, ailerons thiab tswj thaiv) suav txog 22.6% ntawm txhua qhov kev swb. Hauv 57% ntawm cov xwm txheej, thaum 20-mm tawg lub plhaub tsoo lub Il-2 lub cev, rudder tswj cov kab hluav taws xob tau cuam tshuam thiab 7% ntawm kev tsoo ua rau ib nrab puas rau lub pas nrig nqa. Kev ntaus ntawm 2-3 lub foob pob tawg ntawm German rab phom loj ntawm 20 mm lub hauv caug hauv lub pob tw, tus ruaj khov, tus rudder lossis qhov siab tau txaus txaus los cuam tshuam Il-2.
