Lub teb chaws Yelemees
Tom qab kev swb ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 los ntawm Treaty of Versailles, nws raug txwv tsis pub muaj thiab tsim cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab twb tau tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau los raug kev puas tsuaj. Hauv qhov no, ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab ua tiav ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tshiab hauv hlau tau ua hauv Tebchaws Yelemees zais cia, lossis los ntawm cov tuam txhab plhaub hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Rau tib lub laj thawj, txhua qhov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees ua ntej xyoo 1933, muaj lub npe "arr. kaum yim ". Yog li, thaum muaj lus nug los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis, cov neeg German tuaj yeem teb tias cov no tsis yog riam phom tshiab, tab sis yog cov qub, tsim thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1.
Thaum ntxov 30s, txuas nrog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus hauv aviation - nrawm thiab ntau yam ntawm kev ya dav hlau, tsim txhua lub dav hlau hlau thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv aviation, cov lus nug ntawm npog cov tub rog los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev tawm tsam dav hlau. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub tshuab rab phom loj thiab rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau me me ntawm 12, 7-40-mm caliber, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo los tsoo lub hom phiaj huab cua ya mus sai sai, ua rau xav tau. Tsis zoo li lwm lub tebchaws, hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis lawv tsis tau pib tsim cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab, tab sis tsom mus rau lawv cov kev siv zog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab (MZA) ntawm 20-37-mm caliber.
Xyoo 1930, Rheinmetall tsim 20-mm anti-aircraft gun 2, 0 cm FlaK 30 (German 2.0 cm Flugzeugabwehrkanone 30-20-mm anti-aircraft gun of the 1930 model). Cov mos txwv hu ua 20 × 138 mm B lossis Long Solothurn tau siv los tua. 20 × 138 mm B - txhais tau tias lub peev xwm ntawm qhov projectile yog 20 mm, qhov ntev ntawm lub tes tsho yog 138 mm, tsab ntawv "B" qhia tias qhov no yog mos txwv nrog txoj siv sia. Projectile hnyav 300 grams. Cov mos txwv no tau siv dav: ntxiv rau 2.0 cm FlaK 30, nws tau siv hauv 2.0 cm Flak 38 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, hauv KwK 30 thiab KwK 38 phom phom, hauv MG C / 30L lub dav hlau phom, hauv S-18 /1000 thiab S-18 / phom tiv thaiv lub tank. 1100.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 2, 0 cm FlaK 30 hauv qhov kev hloov pauv rau hauv av tau raug teeb tsa rau ntawm lub laub rub uas muaj lub log. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua hluav taws yog 450 kg. Kev sib ntaus tua hluav taws - 120-280 rds / min, cov zaub mov tau nqa los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm puag ncig rau 20 lub plhaub. Sighting ntau - 2200 meters.
2.0 cm FlaK 30
Wehrmacht pib tau txais phom los ntawm xyoo 1934, ntxiv rau, 20-mm Flak 30 tau xa mus rau Holland thiab Tuam Tshoj. Rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau no muaj keeb kwm ntaus rog. Kev ua kev cai raus dej ntawm 20-hli phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Spanish Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, uas tau pib txij lub Xya Hli 1936 txog rau Plaub Hlis 1939. 20-mm FlaK 30 yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm German legion "Condor".
F / 88 chav siv phom loj muaj plaub lub roj teeb hnyav (88mm rab phom loj) thiab ob lub roj teeb (thaum xub thawj 20mm rab phom, tom qab 20mm thiab 37mm rab phom loj). Hauv paus, hluav taws rau hauv lub hom phiaj hauv av tau raug tua los ntawm 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas muaj kev tua ntev thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm lub plhaub. Tab sis cov neeg German tsis plam txoj hauv kev los sim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom me me uas muaj rab phom loj thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Feem ntau FlaK 30s tau siv los tua cov haujlwm ntawm Republican thiab rhuav tshem cov ntsiab lus tua. Nws tsis paub tias lawv tau siv tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv phom, tab sis suav nrog tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm T-26 lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog 15 hli, thiab 20-mm PzGr cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov foob pob hluav taws hnyav 148 g ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 metres hla 20 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias FlaK 30 ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau Republican cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua siv 20-mm Flak 30 hauv Spain, Mauser lub tuam txhab ua nws txoj kev hloov kho tshiab. Cov qauv hloov kho tshiab tau muaj npe 2.0 cm Flak 38. Kev teeb tsa tshiab muaj tib lub foob pob thiab mos txwv. Flak 30 thiab Flak 38 muaj qhov tsim qauv zoo ib yam, tab sis Flak 38 muaj qhov hnyav 30 kg hauv qhov chaw tua thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua ntawm 220-480 rds / min hloov 120-280 rds / min rau Plab-30. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab nws qhov kev tawm tsam zoo thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua. Ob rab phom tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau lub teeb, muab hluav taws ncig hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 90 °.
Ua ntej pib Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, txhua qhov Wehrmacht pab tub rog nyob hauv lub xeev yuav tsum muaj 16 daim. Flak 30 lossis Flak 38. Qhov zoo ntawm 20-mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau yog qhov yooj yim ntawm lub cuab yeej, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm sai sai thiab sib sau ua ke thiab hnyav dua, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thauj tau 20-mm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog tib yam. tsheb thauj khoom lossis SdKfz 2 ib nrab ntawm cov maus taus khiav nrawm. Txog qhov luv luv, phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tuaj yeem yooj yim los ntawm cov rog ntawm kev suav.
Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb sib tsoo "pob" version rau cov tub rog hauv roob. Hauv cov ntawv no, rab phom Flak 38 tseem zoo ib yam, tab sis kev siv me me thiab, raws li, lub nra hnyav tau siv. Phom tau hu ua Gebirgeflak 38 2-cm roob phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau thiab tau npaj ua kom puas lub hom phiaj huab cua thiab hauv av.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov cab cab, muaj coob tus rab phom uas tau tsav tus kheej tau tsim. Tsheb thauj khoom, tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau yam tsheb laij teb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog tau siv los ua lub cev. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tua hluav taws, lub hauv paus ntawm Flak-38.
Thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Poland thiab Fabkis, 20-mm Flak 30/38 yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws tsuas yog ob peb zaug, tua cov yeeb ncuab hauv av. Kwv yees kwv yees tau zoo, lawv tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv me me. Cov qib siab tshaj plaws Polish 7TP lub tank, uas, zoo li lub Soviet T-26, yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Askiv 6-tuj Vickers, tau yooj yim tsoo los ntawm 20-mm riam phom-tho qhov zoo li ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag.
Thaum lub sijhawm kev sib tw ntawm German pab tub rog nyob hauv Balkans, uas tau kav 24 hnub (txij lub Plaub Hlis 6 txog Lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1941), 20-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau qhia tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum tua ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntsiab lus tua ntev.
Hauv kev nco hauv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem piav qhia txog kev ua siab phem nyob rau thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws ntseeg tias Soviet T-34 thiab KV tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hluav taws kub ntawm German rab phom me me. Yog lawm, 20-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis ntau qhov ntawm lawv kev puas tsuaj ntawm nruab nrab T-34s thiab kev txav mus los lossis tsis muaj peev xwm ua riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam ntawm KV hnyav tau ntseeg tau. Sub-caliber projectile, tau saws hauv xyoo 1940, tau hla 40 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 metres raws qhov qub. Nrog ntev tawg, raug tua los ntawm thaj tsam ze, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau "zom los ntawm" cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm "peb caug-plaub". Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog, ntau ntawm peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam (feem ntau yog lub teeb) tau raug tsoo los ntawm 20-mm zoo li. Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov phom ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau; German Pz. Kpfw lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam kuj tseem muaj phom zoo sib xws. II. Thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev swb, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm hom riam phom uas lub plhaub raug rho tawm.
Ntxiv rau Flak-30/38, German kev tiv thaiv huab cua siv hauv qhov me me 20-mm automatic 2.0 cm Flak 28. Qhov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no taug qab nws caj ces mus rau German Becker rab phom, uas tau tsim rov qab rau hauv Ntiaj Teb Thawj Tsov rog. Lub tuam txhab "Oerlikon", muaj npe rau nws qhov chaw nyob - ib puag ncig ntawm Zurich, tau txais txhua txoj cai los tsim phom.
2.0 cm Qhov siab 28
Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, rab phom tau nthuav dav raws li kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau cov nkoj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov phom ntawm cov phom, uas tau siv dav hauv Wehrmacht thiab Luftwaffe tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rog raws li lub npe - 2.0 cm Flak 28 thiab 2 cm VKPL vz. 36. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1940 txog 1944, lub tuam txhab Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon tau muab 7013 20-rab phom loj thiab 14.76 lab lub plhaub rau cov tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, Ltalis thiab Romania. Ntau pua ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no raug ntes hauv Czechoslovakia, Belgium thiab Norway.
Cov nplai ntawm kev siv 20-rab phom loj yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944 cov tub rog hauv av muaj 6,355 rab phom, thiab Luftwaffe cov chav muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua German-ntau dua 20,000 20-rab phom loj. Yog tias tom qab xyoo 1942 Cov Neeg German siv phom 20-mm rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av tsis tshua muaj, los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1944 ntau thiab ntau qhov me me uas muaj rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa nyob rau qhov chaw tiv thaiv ruaj khov, uas yog kev sim txhawm rau them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj. lwm yam riam phom hnyav.
Rau tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig, 20-mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau nkag mus me ntsis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab lawv lub plhaub muaj cov nqi me ntsis ntawm cov nqi tawg. Xyoo 1943, Mauser lub tuam txhab, los ntawm kev siv lub dav hlau 30-mm MK-103 ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm 20-mm automatic Flak 38 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, tsim 3.0 cm Flak 103/38 tiv thaiv dav hlau. Kev ua ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tshuab tau ua raws txoj hauv kev sib xyaw: qhib lub thoob ntawm lub thoob thiab lub tswb ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau ua tiav vim lub zog ntawm cov hmoov av tso tawm los ntawm ob sab hauv lub thoob, thiab ua haujlwm. ntawm cov txheej txheem pub mis tau nqa tawm vim lub zog ntawm cov thooj rov qab. Chav tsev 30-mm tshiab muaj daim kab xev ob tog. Cov cuab yeej siv tsis siv neeg ntawm rab phom ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawg nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm hluav taws ntawm 360 - 420 rds / min. Flak 103/38 tau pib ua cov khoom lag luam hauv xyoo 1944. Tag nrho ntawm 371 rab phom tau tsim. Ntxiv rau ib leeg-barreled ib leeg, tsawg tus khub thiab plaub npaug 30-mm chav nyob tau tsim.
3.0 cm Flak 103/38
Xyoo 1943, Waffen-Werke kev lag luam hauv Brune, raws li MK 103 30-mm cua phom loj, tsim MK 303 Br tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv dav hlau. Nws tau txawv ntawm Flak 103/38 los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ballistics. Rau qhov projectile hnyav 320 g, nws qhov nrawm nrawm rau MK 303 Br yog 1080 m / s piv rau 900 m / s rau Flak 103/38. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, MK 303 Br projectile muaj kev nkag tau zoo dua rau cov cuab yeej ua rog. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 300 metres, cov cuab yeej siv rab phom sub-caliber (BPS), hu ua Hartkern mos txwv (German cov tub ntxhais mos txwv-tub rog), tuaj yeem nkag tau rau hauv cov cuab yeej 75 mm raws qhov qub. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv tebchaws Yelemes thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog yeej ib txwm muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm tungsten rau kev tsim BPS. Kev teeb tsa 30-mm tau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li 20-mm, tab sis cov neeg German tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim cov khoom siv phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau loj thiab lawv tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua phem.
Xyoo 1935, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm tsis siv neeg 3.7 cm Flak 18 nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam. Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau them nyiaj rov qab los nrog lub zog luv luv. Kev tua tau nqa tawm los ntawm kev nqa phom ntawm tus taw, txhawb nqa los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig puag hauv av. Hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, rab phom tau teeb ntawm lub tsheb uas muaj plaub lub log. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog lub tsheb loj uas muaj plaub lub log. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav thiab tsis meej pem, yog li plaub lub tsheb thauj khoom tshiab nrog lub log uas tshem tau ob lub log tau tsim los hloov nws. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tsis siv neeg nrog ob lub log tsheb tshiab tau muaj npe 3.7 cm Flak 36.
Ntxiv nrog rau tus txheej txheem tsheb thauj mus los. 1936, 37 mm Flak 18 thiab Flak 36 phom ntev tau muab tso rau ntawm ntau lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog thiab ntawm lub tank tsheb. Flak 36 thiab 37 tau tsim kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntawm peb lub tsev tsim khoom (ib ntawm lawv yog hauv Czechoslovakia). Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1945, Luftwaffe thiab Wehrmacht muaj txog 4000 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Xyoo 1943, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 3.7 cm Flak 36, Rheinmetall tuam txhab tsim tshiab 37-mm automatic 3.7 cm Flak 43. Lub phom muaj lub hauv paus txheej txheem kev siv tshuab tshiab, thaum ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau siv lub zog ntawm cov pa nkev, thiab ib feem - vim yog qhov seem. Cov ntawv xov xwm Flak 43 tuav 8 txoj kab, thaum Flak 36 muaj 6 txoj kab. Lub 37-hli Flak 43 phom ntev tau raug teeb tsa ntawm ob qho tib si thiab ntsug ua ke ua ke. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 20,000 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau cuab yeej zoo. Armor-tho qhov projectile qauv Pz. Gr. ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 metres ntawm lub rooj sib tham lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 °, nws tau hlais 50 hli cov cuab yeej ua rog. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 meters, daim duab no yog 64 hli. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov yeeb ncuab nquag siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv. Cov phom loj 37-mm tau siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem kawg thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv txoj kev. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa hauv cov haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov kev sib tshuam tseem ceeb thiab zais hauv qhov rooj. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg ua haujlwm nrhiav kom tua hluav taws ntawm ob sab ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam.
Ib rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tsis siv neeg ntes los ntawm cov neeg German. 1939g ua.
Ntxiv rau nws tus kheej 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntes Soviet 37-mm 61-K thiab Bofors L60s. Piv rau German-ua phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, lawv tau siv ntau dua rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, txij li lawv feem ntau tsis muaj lub hauv paus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws cov cuab yeej thiab tsis siv los ntawm German pab tub rog raws li tus qauv riam phom.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nruab nrab tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees txij thaum nruab nrab-20s. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev liam ntawm kev ua txhaum Versailles cov lus cog tseg, cov tsim qauv ntawm Krupp lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv Sweden, raws li kev pom zoo nrog Bofors tuam txhab.
Xyoo 1920s lig, Rheinmetall cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim 75-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 7.5 cm Flak L / 59, uas tseem tsis haum rau cov tub rog German thiab tom qab ntawd tau muab rau USSR ua ib feem ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog. Nws yog riam phom niaj hnub nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo. Nws lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog plaub lub txaj txaj tau muab hluav taws ncig, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 6, 5 kg, qhov phom sij ntsug yog 9 km.
Xyoo 1930, kev sim pib ntawm 75-hli phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 7.5 cm Flak L / 60 nrog lub tshuab tsis siv neeg ib nrab thiab ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig. Qhov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau no tsis tau lees paub tias tau txais kev pabcuam hauv German cov tub rog, tabsis tau tsim tawm rau kev xa tawm. Xyoo 1939, cov qauv tsis tau ua tiav tau thov los ntawm German Navy thiab siv rau hauv chav tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv.
Xyoo 1928, cov kws tsim khoom ntawm Friedrich Krupp AG pib tsim rab phom tiv thaiv 88-mm nyob hauv Sweden siv 7.5 cm Flak L / 60 ntsiab lus. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv tau muab zais rau Essen, qhov twg thawj qhov qauv ntawm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua. Cov qauv tau sim rov qab rau xyoo 1931, tab sis kev tsim cov phom loj ntawm 88-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pib tom qab Hitler los txog rau lub zog. Nov yog yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj suab npe nrov (8-8) tau tshwm sim-los ntawm German Acht-Komma-Acht Zentimeter-8, 8 centimeters-88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Txog nws lub sijhawm, nws yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tau lees paub tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws phom German ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov tawg ntawm qhov hnyav uas hnyav 9 kg tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab ntawm 10,600 m, qhov dav dav dav dav yog 14,800 m. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw tua yog 5,000 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog li 20 rds / min.
Phom, xaiv 8.8 cm Flak 18, dhau qhov "kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws" hauv Spain, qhov uas nws tau siv ntau zaus tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj hauv av. Lub zog ntawm 88-mm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau ntau tshaj li txaus kom "sib cais rau ib feem" ib lub tank lossis lub tsheb uas muaj phom tiv thaiv ntawm cov Republicans pov tseg.
Thawj ntu kev sib ntaus ntawm 8.8 cm Flak 18 tau sau tseg rau xyoo 1937. Txij li tsis muaj lub hom phiaj tsim nyog hauv huab cua rau cov riam phom muaj zog, lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog kev rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj hauv av. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus nyob rau sab qaum teb Spain, tsib lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau roj teeb tau mob siab rau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Burgos thiab Santander. Thaum lub sijhawm Republican tawm tsam ntawm Terual, ob lub roj teeb los ntawm F / 88 tau siv los tiv thaiv Burgos, Almazana thiab Saragossa. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1938, ob lub roj teeb tau txhawb nqa Francoist cov haujlwm hauv thaj tsam Villaneva de Geva nrog hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv nrog kev ua tiav zoo los txhawm rau tshem tawm cov roj teeb ntawm Republican cov phom loj.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais hauv Spain tom qab tau suav nrog thaum tsim cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub mos txwv thiab daim thaiv npog. Raws li qhov kev paub dhau los thaum ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog thiab thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, rab phom tau hloov kho tshiab. Kev hloov kho tshiab feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub thoob tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall. Tus qauv sab hauv ntawm ob lub thoob thiab pob ballistics yog tib yam. Kev hloov kho tshiab 88 mm rab phom loj (8.8 cm Flak 36) nkag rau hauv xyoo 1936. Tom qab ntawd, rab phom tau hloov kho xyoo 1939. Cov qauv tshiab no muaj npe 8.8 cm Flak 37. Feem ntau cov phom sib dhos ua ke. 18, 36 thiab 37 tau siv sib pauv.
Kev hloov kho ntawm Flak 36 thiab 37 phom sib txawv feem ntau hauv kev tsim cov tsheb thauj khoom. Lub Flak 18 tau thauj mus los ntawm lub laub nqa lub tsheb sib zog, Sonderaenhanger 201, yog li hauv qhov chaw khaws cia nws hnyav yuav luag 1200 kg sib zog dua li kev hloov kho tom qab nqa ntawm Sonderaenhanger 202.
Xyoo 1941, Rheinmetall tau tsim thawj qhov qauv ntawm rab phom 88-mm tshiab, xaiv 8.8 cm Flak 41. Cov phom tshiab muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 22-25 puag ncig ib feeb, thiab qhov ncauj qhov ncauj tawm ntawm qhov kev tawg ua ntu zus mus txog 1000 m / s. Cov phom muaj cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog plaub lub txaj txaj muag.
Cov phom 88-hli tau dhau los ua cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm III Reich. Hauv ib nrab xyoo 1944, Cov tub rog German muaj ntau dua 10,000 rab phom no. Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 88-mm yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis ntau zaus cov phom no tau siv hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe, uas yog ib feem ntawm Reich huab cua tiv thaiv. Nrog kev ua tiav, 88-mm rab phom tau siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab tseem ua raws li cov phom loj. Lub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm tau ua tus qauv rau lub tank phom rau Tsov.
Thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thaum lub sijhawm Polish kev tawm tsam, hnyav lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub roj teeb nrog Flak 18/36 phom tau siv tsawg heev rau lawv lub hom phiaj. MZA 20-mm thiab 37-mm muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nrog Polish lub dav hlau ya ntawm qhov chaw siab, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau lawv cov tub rog. Thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov phiaj xwm hauv tebchaws Poland, lub roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tua ntawm lub dav hlau Polish tsuas yog ob peb zaug, tab sis lawv tau siv dav los rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj hauv av. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog German yuav tsum koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau kev tawm tsam tus ncej. Kaum yim lub roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau, tsom ib ncig ntawm Warsaw, tau koom nrog hauv kev tua phom ntawm cov peev Polish. Lub roj teeb ntawm 88 mm rab phom kuj tseem txhawb nqa kev ua tub rog German thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Bzur.
8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) Auf Zugkraftwagen 12t
Cov phom tua tus kheej 8.8 cm Pak 18 ntawm lub chassis ntawm 12-tuj Zugkraftwagen tsheb laij teb tau qhia lawv tus kheej zoo heev thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias rab phom tiv thaiv tus kheej tsis muaj zog, lawv hloov pauv tom qab 2-3 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab cov tub rog Polish tsuas yog tsis muaj sijhawm los tshuaj xyuas lawv. 10 rab phom tua tus kheej yog ib feem ntawm qhov thib 8 cais cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank (Panzer-Jager Abteilung 8). Kev tsim cov phom tua tus kheej ntawm hom no tau txwv rau 25 chav, txij li lub chassis tau txiav txim siab tsis ua tiav.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1940, qhov kev faib haujlwm no tau muab rau Pawg Panzer 2nd, uas yog ib feem ntawm 19th Corps raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm General Heinz Gudarin. Cov phom tua tus kheej kuj ua tau zoo hauv Fab Kis. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 13, 1940, rab phom 8.8 cm Pak 18 tau siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab mus sij hawm ntev rau ntawm Meuse River. Cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 88-mm tau ua tiav nrog txoj haujlwm tau muab rau lawv, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Fabkis txoj bunkers, uas yuam cov tub rog Fab Kis hauv txoj haujlwm no kom swb. Cov phom tua tus kheej tau hla tag nrho cov phiaj xwm, tau ua tiav siv los tua Fabkis cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet Union. Qhov kawg ntawm SPGs ntawm hom no tau ploj hauv USSR thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1943. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg German tau teeb tsa rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 88-mm ntawm ntau yam ib nrab thiab taug qab cov chassis. Cov tsheb no tau siv los ua phom tua tus kheej thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas loj dua li rab phom tua tus kheej, rub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv hauv Fab Kis. Yog li, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 22, 1940, 88-mm rab phom los ntawm 1st Battalion ntawm Flak Lehr Regiment raug tua nyob ze thaj tsam hnyav Char B1 bis tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm Fab Kis 1st Panzer Division. Hauv ob peb feeb, 7 lub tso tsheb hlau luam raug tsoo tawm. Ob hnub dhau los, pab pawg tso tsheb loj los ntawm 29th Dragoon Regiment thiab 39th Tank Battalion tau raug tua los ntawm cov tub rog loj ntawm pab tub rog thib 1 ntawm Hermann Goering Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment. Cov phom ntawm 88 mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau yooj yim nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm ob lub Fabkis Char B1 bis thiab British Matilda Mk I.
Rab phom acht-acht tau dhau los ua "tus cawm seej" tiag rau cov neeg German, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua thiab tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj hauv av. Thaum lub sijhawm 1940 phiaj xwm nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob, cov neeg siv phom loj ntawm 1st Anti-Aircraft Corps tau rhuav tshem hauv av: 47 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 30 lub bunkers. Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Tsov Rog Thib Ob, txhawb nqa kev ua ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4 thiab thib 6, tsoo 284 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, rhuav 17 lub bunkers.
Thaum lub sijhawm African phiaj xwm, 88-mm Flak 18/36 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, muaj nyob hauv German Afrika Korps, ua pov thawj tias yog riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank tuag taus, feem ntau ua rau Askiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv cov lej thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Rommel cov tub rog, uas tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Africa, tsuas muaj 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank Rak-36/37, T-II tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rab phom 20-mm, T-III nrog rab phom 37-mm, thiab T-IV nrog 75-mm luv-barreled rab phom. Cov neeg Askiv muaj cov tub rog zoo tiv thaiv "Crusader", "Matilda", "Valentine", tsis yooj yim rau lub tank German thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Yog li ntawd, 88-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv rau cov tub rog German tsuas yog txhais tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam.
Rommel thaum xub thawj muaj 24 Flak 18/36s ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg, tab sis txawm li cas los xij lawv tau tswj hwm kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev ua yeeb ncuab. Cov phom tau nkaum thiab nkaum tau zoo, uas tau los ua qhov tsis txaus siab rau lub nkoj British. Kev tawm tsam Matilda Mk II ntawm 4th Tank Brigade tau xaus rau kev puas tsuaj rau Askiv, 15 ntawm 18 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau ploj lawm. Hauv qhov ntxiab uas Rommel tsim los ntawm kev tso nws rab phom 88-mm nyob ze rau qhov hla, raug hu los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv "hla dhau ntuj raug txim," ntawm 13 Matilda tso tsheb hlau luam, tsuas yog ib tus muaj txoj sia nyob. " Tom qab tsuas yog ob hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus thaum lub Rau Hli 1941, cov neeg Askiv tau poob 64 Matilda tso tsheb hlau luam. Thaum pib ntawm Asmeskas kev sib tw, 88-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ruaj khov, tom qab ntawd lawv tau siv ntau dua hauv kev tswj hwm, feem ntau tua ncaj qha los ntawm lub log hauv txoj haujlwm thauj. Nrog rau txoj kev tua no, qhov raug txo qis me ntsis, tab sis lub sij hawm ntawm folding-deploying poob ntau zaus. Siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm North African ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Cov tub rog German nquag siv rab phom 88-hli thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Ua ntej qhov kev tawm tsam, cov phom tau zais zais mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab thaum lub tank nres lawv txhawb nqa lawv lub tsheb nrog hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv tebchaws Askiv raug tua los ntawm qhov deb uas lawv cov hluav taws rov qab los tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Xyoo 1941, tsuas yog lub tshuab rab phom German uas muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm Soviet hnyav KV tso tsheb hlau luam yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm, yog tias koj tsis suav nrog, tau kawg, cov tub rog loj. Thaum ua tsov rog, 88-mm rub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nquag siv los tawm tsam Soviet, Askiv thiab Asmeskas tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank tau nce ntxiv tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm German pab tub rog mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Txog rau thaum ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1942, thaum cov phom 88-mm nyob rau pem hauv ntej yog qhov me me, tsis muaj ntau lub T-34 thiab KV tso tsheb hlau luam raug lawv (3.4%-rab phom 88-mm). Tab sis thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, rab phom 88 -mm suav txog li 38% ntawm kev puas tsuaj nruab nrab Soviet thiab cov tso tsheb hlau loj, thiab nrog cov tub rog tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis thaum lub caij ntuj no - thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1945, feem pua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau rhuav pov tseg los ntawm 50 txog 70% (ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv). Ntxiv mus, cov tsheb loj tshaj plaws tau tsoo ntawm qhov deb ntawm 700-800 m. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab rau txhua rab phom 88-mm, tab sis txawm tias xyoo 1945, tus naj npawb ntawm 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tseem ceeb tshaj tus lej ntawm 88 -mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb. Yog li, nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, German lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41 muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua lub tank uas koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no, Flak 41 sawv tawm. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 meters, Panzergranate 39-1 lub peev xwm tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas hnyav 10.2 kg, raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov phom ntawm rab phom ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 1000 m / s, nkag mus. 200 mm armor raws qhov qub. Kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm nws cov hluav taws tau pom tsuas yog hauv Soviet lub tank hnyav IS-3, uas tsis muaj sijhawm los koom nrog kev ua phem. IS-2 ntawm xyoo 1944 tus qauv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws los ntawm 88-mm phom ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus. Hauv kev txheeb cais dav dav ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem thim tau hnyav ntawm IS-2 tso tsheb hlau luam, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm rab phom 88-mm yog kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov xwm txheej. Lwm qhov chaw tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm USSR, Tebchaws Asmeskas lossis Tebchaws Askiv tsis tau muab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm yam tsawg ib qho kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Xyoo 1938, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 105-mm 10.5 cm Flak 38 tau pib siv. Cov phom muaj ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsis siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Semi-automatic txhua yam tshuab cocked thaum dov. Lub 10.5 cm Flak 38 rab phom thaum xub thawj muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob qhia, zoo ib yam li 8, 8 cm Flak 18 thiab 36, tab sis xyoo 1936 tau siv UTG 37 system, uas tau siv rau ntawm 8, 8 cm Flak 37 cannon. cev dawb. Cov txheej txheem hloov kho tshiab no muaj npe 10.5 cm Flak 39. Ob hom sib txawv feem ntau hauv kev tsim cov phom phom. Thawj qhov nrawm ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov projectile nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 15.1 kg yog 880 m / s, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov hnyav ntawm 15.6 kg yog 860 m / s. Cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau rab phom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1500 meters - 138 hli. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog li 15 rds / min.
10.5 cm Qhov siab 38
Cov phom tau tsim tawm thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog. Vim yog qhov hnyav loj, uas yog 14,600 kg hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, rab phom tau siv feem ntau hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Reich, lawv tau npog cov chaw tsim khoom thiab Kriegsmarine hauv paus. Thaum lub Yim Hli 1944, tus naj npawb ntawm 105-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Luftwaffe muaj 116 rab phom loj tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, 877 rab phom loj tau teeb tsa ruaj khov ntawm cov hauv paus pob zeb, thiab 1,025 lub phom loj haum nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau log. Txog rau xyoo 1944, lawv tau siv tsis tau siv tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv tom qab Red Army nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes. Vim tias tsis muaj kev txav mus los tsawg heev, 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank hauv kev npaj ua ntej hauv qhov tob ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag, rab phom 105-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub tank nrog txhaj tshuaj. Tab sis vim yog qhov loj thiab qhov ntev, lawv tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Tsuas yog 105-mm cov mos txwv tsoo tsis ntau dua 5% ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab thiab hnyav. Ib rab phom 105-mm nrog ntau qhov kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av ntau dua 17,000 meters yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua roj teeb.
Xyoo 1936, Rheinmetall pib ua haujlwm tsim cov phom loj 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau. Prototypes tau nthuav tawm rau kev sim xyoo 1938. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1938, thawj qhov kev txiav txim rau 100 units tau muab. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, cov tub rog tau txais thawj lub roj teeb nrog 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 12, 8-cm Flak 40. Qhov kev siv phom loj no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tshuab siab. Kev taw qhia, kev xa khoom thiab kev xa cov mos txwv, nrog rau kev teeb tsa lub fuse tau ua tiav siv plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob peb-theem asynchronous nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 115 V.
12.8-cm Flak 40
Lub 128 hli 12, 8 cm Flak 40 rab phom yog lub phom hnyav tiv thaiv dav hlau siv thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 26 kg, uas muaj qhov pib nrawm ntawm 880 m / s, qhov siab nce mus txog ntau dua 14,000 m.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm hom no tuaj txog hauv chav Kriegsmarine thiab Luftwaffe. Lawv feem ntau tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj haujlwm ruaj khov, lossis ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xav tias lub xov tooj txawb 12, 8-cm kev teeb tsa yuav raug thauj ntawm ob lub laub, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab txwv nws tus kheej rau ib lub tsheb plaub-qag. Thaum ua tsov rog, tsuas yog ib lub roj teeb txawb (rau phom) nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam. Vim lawv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov, cov phom no tsis koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam.
Ntawm cov riam phom Soviet uas poob rau hauv Germans txhais tes, muaj cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau coob. Txij li cov phom no tau xyaum ua tshiab, cov neeg German txaus siab siv lawv. Tag nrho cov phom loj 76, 2 thiab 85mm tau rov suav dua mus rau 88mm kom cov mos txwv zoo ib yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Txog lub Yim Hli 1944, Cov tub rog German muaj 723 Flak MZ1 (r) phom thiab 163 Flak M38 (r) phom. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom no tau ntes los ntawm cov neeg German tsis tau paub meej, tab sis nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov neeg Germans muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom no. Piv txwv li, Daennmark cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj 8 lub roj teeb ntawm 6-8 lub phom loj, kwv yees li nees nkaum lub roj teeb zoo sib xws nyob hauv Norway. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg German tau siv tus lej tsawg ntawm lwm yam txawv teb chaws nruab nrab-rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov phom loj tshaj plaws yog cov Italian 7.5 cm Flak 264 (i) thiab 7.62 cm Flak 266 (i), ntxiv rau Czechoslovakian 8.35 cm Flak 22 (t) cannons. Tom qab Ltalis txoj kev swb, coob tus neeg siv riam phom Italian tau pov tseg ntawm cov tub rog German. Xyoo 1944, tsawg kawg 250 90-mm Italian phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog German, uas tau hu ua 9 cm Flak 41 (i). Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias qee qhov ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm theem kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog tiv thaiv peb cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau German ntawm nruab nrab thiab qhov muaj zog loj thaum ua tsov rog, ntxiv rau lawv lub hom phiaj ncaj qha, ua pov thawj tias yog riam phom tiv thaiv zoo heev. Txawm hais tias lawv raug nqi ntau dua li tshwj xeeb phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tau siv rau qhov tsis muaj qhov zoo dua, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub tank thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe tau tswj hwm muaj qhov cuam tshuam pom tau zoo ntawm kev ua siab phem.
