Tam sim no, BMP-3 yog lub tsheb loj tshaj plaws tua rog hauv kev pabcuam nrog pab tub rog Lavxias. Ua haujlwm raug cai hauv xyoo 1987, lub tsheb sib ntaus tseem muaj peev xwm hloov kho tshiab thiab yav tom ntej yuav ua tub rog ntau dua kaum xyoo. Txog rau tam sim no, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua tub rog ntau dua 500 BMP-3, ntxiv rau qhov no, lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua me tau raug xa tawm thiab tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Azerbaijan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Indonesia thiab lwm lub xeev.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm BMP-3 thiab feem ntau ntawm lwm lub tebchaws cov tsheb sib tua tub rog yog nws cov cuab yeej muaj zog, uas tau sawv cev los ntawm rab phom 100-hli / rab phom thiab 30-hli tsis siv phom loj. Ib qho ntxiv, BMP tau ua tub rog nrog peb 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom ib zaug, ob chav kawm thiab ib rab phom PKT, ua ke nrog rab phom loj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb thib ob los ntawm cov neeg sib tw yog lub tsheb hnyav ntau dua 18 tons tuaj yeem ua luam dej, kov yeej cov teeb meem dej ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 10 km / h. Tsis ntev los no, Russia tau nthuav tawm ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev kho dua tshiab BMP-3, suav nrog BMP-3M Dragoon version. Thiab nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli 2019, tus sawv cev ntawm Rostec xeev lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm tias cov tshuab tau raug kho dua tshiab, feem ntau yog nce qib kev tiv thaiv, suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv.
Kev tiv thaiv BMP-3 yuav nce ntxiv peb zaug
Sergei Abramov, uas yog tus tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ua haujlwm ntawm pawg riam phom zoo ib yam, mos txwv thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tuam txhab kev lag luam hauv xeev Rostec, hais rau RIA Novosti cov kws tshaj xov xwm hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, Lavxias BMP-3s tau npaj kom muaj cov cuab yeej tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv nquag Ua tsaug rau kev sib koom ua ke, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tua rog yog npaj kom nce ntau ntau zaug. Raws li tus neeg sawv cev qib siab ntawm Rostec, kev tsim kho lub peev xwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tsheb tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam tseem tsis tau raug tso tseg. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev ua haujlwm tau dhau los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv BMPs los ntawm kev siv riam phom, uas suav nrog SPG-9 thiab RPG-7 lub foob pob hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, Rostec cov tuam txhab tab tom ua haujlwm ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm BMP-3, thiab tseem tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev koom ua ke cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv niaj hnub no (KAZ) rau hauv tsheb sib ntaus.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv nquag txhais tau tias yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam kev puas tsuaj. KAZ yog lub kaw lus uas muaj lub luag haujlwm txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov mos txwv (tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws thiab foob pob, nrog rau cov mos txwv) ya mus rau lub tank lossis tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tsheb, thiab tawm tsam cov mos txwv hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kom rhuav tshem cov khoom tawg lossis ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. ua rau lub zog puas tsuaj. Raws li Sergei Abramov tau sau tseg, kev siv cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj sia nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm kwv yees li ob txog peb zaug.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab kev lag luam hauv xeev tsis tau hais meej tias KAZ yuav raug teeb tsa ntawm BMP-3 hloov kho dua tshiab li cas. Hauv kev xav, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw sib tw Arena niaj hnub no, uas tau tsim nyob hauv USSR rov qab rau xyoo 1980, lossis ib tiam neeg tshiab hu ua Afghanit. Qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv ua lub hauv paus ntawm Armata hnyav taug qab lub platform, feem ntau ntawm T-14 lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank thiab T-15 cov tub rog tua rog. Cov khoom ib leeg ntawm "Afghanit" txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau lwm hom tsheb tiv thaiv, suav nrog kev cog lus Lavxias BMP "Kurganets-25".
Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias complexes ntawm kev tiv thaiv nquag
Nyob rau ib lub sijhawm, Soviet Union tau rub tawm deb ua ntej hauv kev tsim cov kev nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov kws tsim khoom hauv Soviet tau pib tsim thawj cov txheej txheem no rov qab rau xyoo 1970, thiab twb yog xyoo 1983, thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb KAZ, lub npe "Drozd", tau raug coj los siv hauv USSR. Nws yog qhov kev tiv thaiv nruj uas tau dhau los ua thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb los ua cov khoom loj.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev kho dua tshiab BMP-3 tuaj yeem yog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Arena nquag tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm, tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1980s. Qhov KAZ version no muab cov tsheb tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ntau yam tiv thaiv lub foob pob foob pob thiab tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub tank, nws tseem tau tshaj tawm tias qhov nyuaj kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsoo lub plhaub. Ib qho kev xa tawm ntawm qhov nyuaj no, uas tau txais lub npe "Arena-E", tam sim no tau tsim hauv Russia. Qhov nyuaj suav nrog ntau lub radar ntau thiab tiv thaiv cov mos txwv, uas raug tua ntawm cov riam phom ya mus rau lub tank. Cov mos txwv tiv thaiv ntawm qhov ua rau nqaim nqaim muab kev cia siab rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws, foob pob hluav taws thiab cov duab zoo li tus nqi nrog cov nqaj ntawm cov khoom puas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nyuaj yog huab cua txhua hnub, thiab muaj suab nrov tiv thaiv zoo heev.
BMP-3 nrog KAZ "Arena"
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txhim kho KAZ "Arena" ntawm BMP-3 tau ua tiav. Rov qab rau xyoo 2003, qhov hloov pauv ntawm BMP-3M tau pom nyob hauv Russia nrog kev teeb tsa Arena-E nyuaj, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntaus ntau hom mos txwv ya mus rau lub tsheb sib ntaus. Qhov nyuaj ua tau zoo tiv thaiv riam phom ya ntawm 70 txog 700 m / s. Txij li txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv hom tsis siv neeg siab, nws siv tsis muaj lub nra ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog.
Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj zog tshaj plaws yog "Afghanit", uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv, tsim los ntawm qhov hnyav taug qab platform "Armata". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom tias tsis muaj kev txwv hnyav uas yuav tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa Afghanit txoj haujlwm lossis nws cov khoom siv ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb ntawm tiam dhau los, suav nrog BMP-3. Tsuas yog qhov teeb meem loj tuaj yeem tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov nyom. Cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis siab thiab nyuaj yog kim heev, thiab nws yog tus nqi uas tuaj yeem yog qhov cuam tshuam uas yuav tsis pom zoo cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kev xaiv kho dua tshiab. Txog tam sim no, "Afghanit" tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog ntawm "Armata", "Kurganets" thiab "Boomerang", uas tau dhau los ua cov neeg koom nrog hauv ntau yam kev ua tub rog.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Afghanit txoj kev nyuaj yog muaj lub radar nrog lub dav hlau ua haujlwm ntu ntu (AFAR), ua siv tib lub thev naus laus zis raws li lub radar tau teeb tsa ntawm Lavxias thib tsib lub dav hlau tua rog Su-57. AFAR-radar tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv cov tub rog suav nrog plaub lub vaj huam sib luag uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tank turret, muab 360-degree saib yam tsis tig lub turret thiab tig lub radar. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus no, qhov nyuaj suav nrog kev nrhiav pom ultraviolet rau ATGM tso tawm thiab lub koob yees duab infrared. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv nquag tau teeb tsa ntawm T-14 "Armata" tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem tiv tsis tau tsuas yog ATGMs niaj hnub no thiab cov foob pob tawg, tab sis kuj tseem tso cai cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej siv rab phom loj (BPS). Ntxiv nrog rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov mos txwv tuaj, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem qhib qhov chaw ntawm cov pa luam yeeb-hlau lossis kab hlau rhuav.
Version ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Afganit cov cuab yeej ntawm lub turret ntawm T-14 tank
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua txoj hauv KAZ muaj qhov tsis zoo ib yam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb raug rho tawm hauv kev coj mus rau qhov projectile ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig lub tank. Piv txwv li, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm "Arena" txoj haujlwm tau sau tseg tias thaj tsam txaus ntshai rau cov tub rog me yog 20-30 metres ze ntawm lub tank, thaum kev tiv thaiv zoo li no tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau lub tank lossis tsheb sib tsoo tsheb sib tsoo nws tus kheej. Nws yog rau qhov laj thawj no uas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab mob nruab nrog KAZ cov txheej txheem raug yuam kom ua haujlwm sib cais los ntawm kev txiav txim me me. Rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, nws yooj yim dua rau kev khiav lag luam nyob ib leeg ntawm cov tub rog ntau dua li rau cov tsheb tua rog, uas tau tsim los thauj cov tub rog mus rau tshav rog. Yog li, kev teeb tsa KAZ ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua ua rau cov tub rog hloov kho lub tswv yim ntawm lawv txoj kev siv kev sib ntaus thiab siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau kev txhim kho tom ntej ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qib.
BMP-3M "Zaj"
Hauv xyoo 2015, cov neeg saib Lavxias ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv Nizhny Tagil tau nthuav tawm nrog ob qhov tshiab ntawm kev lag luam tiv thaiv kev lag luam-kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub BMP-3M "Dragoon" thiab rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua tus kheej raws li BMP-3, muaj riam phom nrog tshiab 57-hli tsis siv neeg cannon. ZSU tau txais lub npe "Derivation-Air Defense". Ob qhov tshiab ntawm kev lag luam tiv thaiv Lavxias yog qhov kev txaus siab, lawv muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm BMP-3 rau ntau xyoo lawm.
Tib lub sijhawm BMP-3M "Dragoon", qhov tseeb, twb yog lub tshuab sib txawv kiag li. Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua hauv tub rog tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv loj, thiab qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog hloov pauv kev teeb tsa ntawm BMP. Los ntawm BMP qub, tsuas yog lub chassis thiab cov khoom hull tseem nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cav-kis tau tus mob tau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsheb, uas nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov paratroopers thiab cov neeg coob coob. Qhov tseeb, nws tsuas yog nyob hauv Dragoon uas cov kws tsim qauv Lavxias tig mus rau qhov qauv BMP qub rau lwm lub tebchaws. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm kev tsaws tsaws thiab cov neeg coob, cov kev daws teeb meem no txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thau khoom thiab tshem tawm cov paratroopers los ntawm BMP vim yog qhov pom ntawm lub qhov rooj khov kho. Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho ntawm tus qauv BMP hloov tshiab yog 11 tus neeg, suav nrog peb tus neeg ua haujlwm.
BMP-3M "Zaj"
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb thib ob ntawm kev hloov kho BMP yog lub turret uas tsis muaj neeg nyob, uas khaws cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam los ntawm rab phom 100-hli ib nrab tsis siv neeg, 30-mm tsis siv neeg rab phom thiab 7.62-mm PKT rab phom tshuab. Qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb ua rau nws tso tau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm sab hauv lub hull ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus tom qab lub cav, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv.
Qhov loj ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus, uas tseem tau txais kev tiv thaiv zoo, nce mus txog 21 tons. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim qauv tau teeb tsa lub tshuab UTD-32 tshiab siv roj ntau ntawm Dragun BMP, tsim lub zog ntawm 816 hp. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov ntsuas tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb - txog li 38 hp. ib tuj, qhov no zoo dua li feem ntau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb thiab cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, qhov no yuav luag ob npaug ntawm qhov loj hauv Asmeskas M2 Bradley cov tub rog sib ntaus. Tib lub sijhawm BMP-3M "Dragoon" muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm raws txoj kev loj kom nrawm tshaj 70 km / h. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntxiv, plump "Dragoon" khaws lub peev xwm ua luam dej ntawm qhov nrawm txog 10 km / h.
Kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm BMP kuj tau nce ntxiv vim yog siv cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg coob. Cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus thiab tus neeg tua phom tau koom ua ke tag nrho, ntxiv rau qhov no, kev sau hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus tau rov ua tiav nrog lub tshuab taug qab lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm kev nthuav tawm qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm BMP-3 tseem tsis tau raug nthuav tawm nrog rau kev teeb tsa tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.
