Kev txhim kho ntawm kev cog lus ua Polish BMP, uas yuav tsum hloov pauv kev coj ncaj ncees thiab cev nqaij daim tawv BMP-1 (thiab tau ntawv tso cai BWP-1), tau txais los ntawm pab tub rog Polish los ntawm USSR, tau txuas ntxiv hauv tebchaws Poland txij li ib nrab xyoo 2010s. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hloov kho lub nkoj uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kev taug cov tub rog sib ntaus yog mob hnyav heev hauv tebchaws Poland. Tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1960, Soviet BMP-1s tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev hem thawj tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem raug kho tsuas yog los ntawm kev pib tsim cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub Borsuk cov tub rog sib ntaus, uas thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli 2020 ua tiav theem tom ntej ntawm kev ntsuas, suav nrog kev sim nrog tua hluav taws.
Kev txhim kho ntawm BMP Borsuk
Tus tshiab Polish taug qab cov tub rog sib tua tsheb tau raug tsim los ua ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv thiab siv tshuab ntawm Poland. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias lub nkoj ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Polish yog qhov qub dhau los thiab qhov no tsis yog hais txog kev siv cov cuab yeej siv qub xwb, tabsis tseem hais txog kev hnav lub cev hnyav thiab kua muag. Cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua uas siv los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog Tebchaws Poland tau nyob ib puag ncig tau ntau caum xyoo lawm.
Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Warsaw Pact lub tebchaws, cov tub rog Polish muaj kwv yees li 1,300 tus tub rog tua rog tseem nyob ntawm Soviet tsim. Peb tab tom tham txog BMP-1 lub tsheb thiab daim ntawv tso cai Polish ntawm BWP-1. Tom qab ntawd lawv tus lej tau raug txo mus rau ntau pua, tab sis lawv tseem tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov kws kho tshuab Polish. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990, Tebchaws Poland tau muag nws cov BMP-2 BMP-2 rau Angola.
Kev txhim kho ntawm BMP tshiab hauv tebchaws Poland tau pib xyoo 2013, yog thaum ntawd Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Poland tau pib ua haujlwm rau kev tsim kho lub tsheb tshiab sib ntaus sib tua menyuam mos (NBPWP). Xyoo 2014, tau txais nyiaj pab rau txoj haujlwm tau txais hauv PLN 75 lab (kwv yees li $ 21 lab). NBPWP txoj haujlwm, codenamed Borsuk, yog tus ua tiav puv rau BWP-1. Cov tuam txhab caj npab loj tshaj plaws hauv Polish tau koom nrog nws tsim. Thawj qhov qauv ntawm lub tsheb tshiab amphibious infantry sib ntaus tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv Kielce xyoo 2017.
Ib lub chaw tiv thaiv thiab lub chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Polish cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, Huta Stalowa Wola, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho ncaj qha ntawm lub tsheb tshiab taug kev tua cov tub rog. Lub tuam txhab tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1938 thiab niaj hnub no tsim ntau yam khoom lag luam tub rog: los ntawm 120-mm tus kheej-propelled cug thiab 155-mm tus kheej-propelled phom rau MLRS thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW) yog ib feem ntawm tsoomfwv loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland tuav Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA (PGZ Group).
Ntxiv rau Huta Stalowa Wola thiab PGZ Group, WB Electronics pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab, yog ib lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho cov thev naus laus zis zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog ntawm kev lag luam, koom nrog hauv kev nqis tes ua ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm Barsuk tshiab taug qab cov tsheb tua rog. Ntawm lwm yam, lub tuam txhab koom nrog kev txhim kho drones, kev tswj hwm riam phom thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm riam phom. Hauv txoj haujlwm Borsuk, WB Electronics tab tom ua haujlwm nrog HSW ntawm ZSSW-30 cov chaw tswj chaw deb thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau nws kev koom ua ke.
Txog PGZ thiab cov tub rog Polish, BMP tshiab yog ib qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws. Cov neeg tsim khoom Polish xav tias yuav tsim khoom thiab txhim kho peev txheej ntawm Borsuk kom tsawg kawg 30 xyoo. Yog tias txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv Polish yuav tuaj yeem mus rau lub ntiaj teb ua tus tsim khoom lag luam taug qab cov tub rog tua rog thiab sib tw nrog lawv ntawm kev lag luam caj npab thoob ntiaj teb. Muaj tseeb, txoj haujlwm tsis vam meej sai npaum li cov neeg tsim khoom Polish xav.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2020, BMP tshiab nrog lub chaw nres tsheb riam phom tswj nyob deb tau raug sim. Ntawm lwm yam, kev tua nyob tau ua tiav hauv thaj chaw. Cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas tsis tau tshaj tawm nyob rau lub sijhawm no, thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas ntsuas tseem tab tom ua. HSW Thawj Tswj Hwm Bartlomej Zajonts sau tseg tias tsuas yog qhov kev xeem tau ua tiav zoo. Tsis tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua, nws tau sau tseg tias lub tuam txhab tau txaus siab nrog thawj qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas yuav muaj kev hloov kho loj rau txoj haujlwm.
Yog tias txhua yam mus raws li tau npaj tseg, tom qab ntawv thib ob ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus yuav raug tsim thiab yuav pib ua tub rog xyoo 2021. Yog tias kev xeem tub rog ua tiav tiav, tom qab ntawv cov khoom lag luam ntawm "Barsukov" tuaj yeem pib xyoo 2023-2024, Mr. Zayonts tau hais. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi siab ntawm BMPs tshiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua teeb meem loj rau cov tub rog Polish-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab pab tub rog. Cov xov xwm Polish kwv yees tus nqi pib ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tshiab ntawm 25 lab zlotys (kwv yees li $ 6.45 lab).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP "Barsuk"
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm BMP "Badger" yog lub tsheb tau ua ntab. Ntau lub tsheb ciav hlau ntaus cov tub rog niaj hnub tau poob qhov peev xwm no. Hauv lawv txoj haujlwm NBPWP, Cov kws tsim khoom Polish xav khaws cov khoom siv phom sij, thaum tib lub sijhawm muab cov neeg coob thiab cov neeg tsaws tsaws nrog qib siab ntawm kev ntaus pob thiab tiv thaiv kuv thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws siab rau cov phom phom loj.
BMP Borsuk muaj cov qauv qub rau txhua lub tsheb niaj hnub zoo sib xws nrog lub cav pem hauv ntej. Tus neeg tsav tsheb lub rooj zaum nyob sab laug, thiab lub cav diesel yog sab xis. Qab MTO thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kws kho tsheb yog cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj thiab rab phom ntawm lub tsheb tua rog. Qhov no tau ua raws los ntawm tus pej thuam uas tsis muaj neeg nyob, thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hull muaj lub dav hlau tso rau 6 tus neeg. Yog li, BMP muaj peev xwm nqa tau txog 9 tus neeg (peb tus neeg ua haujlwm pab pawg thiab rau rau tus neeg ua paratroopers hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho).
Nws tau kwv yees tias cov qauv ntab ntawm lub tsheb nrog tus qauv kev teev npe. Nws qhov hnyav sib ntaus yuav yog 25 tons. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm xaiv tau teeb tsa kev xaj ntxiv. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hnyav ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yuav tau txais cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke thiab daim hlau sib xyaw ua ke. Nws tau kwv yees tias hauv qhov kev hloov pauv no, BMP yuav hnyav dua li 30 tons thiab poob nws qhov kev ntog.
Lub plawv ntawm Polish BMP tshiab yuav yog German-ua V-puab 8-lub tog raj kheej MTU 8V-199-TE20 diesel cav. Lub cav, uas txhim kho lub zog siab tshaj ntawm 720 hp, kuj tseem tau teeb tsa ntawm Austrian Ulan BMP thiab Tsev Neeg Boxer ntawm cov neeg taug kev uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv phom. Ua ke nrog lub cav, Perkins x300 tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob yuav ua haujlwm. Cov neeg sau xov xwm Polish sau tseg tias qhov teeb meem nrog lub tshuab fais fab tseem tsis tau raug daws tag nrho, yog li nws cov ntawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Nws tseem paub tias BMP yuav tau txais ob hom kev taug: hlau thiab roj hmab-sib xyaw. Qhov kawg, nrog lub zog qis dua, yuav muab lub tsheb kom zoo dua qub thiab tsis muaj suab nrov thaum tsav tsheb.
Cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Polish suav tias muaj lub ntsej muag ntawm Obra-3 lub tshuab ceeb toom laser rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm BMP tshiab "Badger". Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb sib ntaus yuav tau txais kev sib txuas lus digital Fonet, kev tswj hwm kev sib ntaus sib tua BMS thiab muaj ntawv tso cai Asmeskas lub chaw xa xov tooj cua TALIN 5000.
Tsis muaj neeg nyob ntauwd ZSSW-30
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntab ntab tshiab BMP Polish yog qhov tsis muaj neeg nyob sib ntaus sib tua, xaiv ZSSW-30. Chaw nres tsheb riam phom tiv thaiv tej thaj chaw deb tau tsim los ntawm HSW cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev koom tes nrog WB Electronics. Qhov no yog thawj qhov haujlwm Polish kom tsim tau lub pej thuam tsis muaj neeg nyob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsheb ciav hlau sib ntaus sib tua tshiab, lub chaw nres tsheb riam phom uas nyob deb no tau npaj los teeb tsa rau ntawm Rosomak lub log uas muaj cov tub rog nqa khoom. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tau txais Polish txheej txheem tswj hluav taws uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Lub kaw lus yuav suav nrog PCO GOD-1 Iris tus thawj coj hais kom pom dav thiab PCO GOC-1 Nike tus neeg tua phom.
Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm Polish, nws yog qhov tsis muaj neeg nyob sib ntaus sib tua uas tuaj yeem ua rau ib nrab tus nqi ntawm BMP tshiab. Kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg tsis muaj neeg nyob yog siv nrog Asmeskas tsis siv neeg 30mm Orbital ATK Mk 44S Bushmaster II rab phom thiab 7.62mm UKM-2000 C tshuab rab phom ua ke nrog nws.
30-mm automatic cannon Mk 44S Bushmaster II yog riam phom zoo uas tau nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Cov phom siv dav 30x173 mm mos txwv rau kev tua, tib yam li siv nrog GAU-8 Avenger 7-chim phom ntawm Asmeskas A-10 Thunderbolt II nres dav hlau. Cov mos txwv mos txwv muaj cov cuab yeej ua rau khaus khaus, tawg tawg tawg tawg ntau thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag me me subcaliber projectiles. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom yog 3000 metres, qhov hluav taws kub nce mus txog 200 puag ncig ib feeb.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv hnyav, nws tau npaj los tso ob Spike ATGMs rau ntawm lub turret. Peb tab tom tham txog Israeli Spike ATGM tsim los ntawm Rafael lub tuam txhab, uas tau nquag siv los ntawm Poland thiab tau tsim tawm raws li ntawv tso cai los ntawm Polish tuam txhab tiv thaiv tuam txhab Mesko. Cov foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank no tau nruab nrog lub TV / lub tshuab ntsuas cua sov thiab tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb li 4, 5, 5 lossis 8 km, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho. Cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog 850-900 hli.
