Sab Hnub Tuaj, raws li koj paub, yog teeb meem me me. Thaum nws dhau los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob raws li thev naus laus zis, tab sis hauv qhov kev hwm no nws tseem yog "lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov kws txawj", thaum Sab Hnub Poob, uas tsis zoo rau nws hauv cov khoom siv tes ua, sai sai txav mus rau qib kev lag luam thiab twb hla dhau sab hnub tuaj ntawm nws ib zaug thiab rau txhua tus. Tsawg kawg nws hla nws nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, thaum nws lub zog sib ntaus sib tua thiab rab phom tua hluav taws ceev tau tshem tawm lub zog ntawm lub nroog emirs, caliphs thiab rajahs. Zoo, lawv tsis muaj rab phom tshuab, lawv tsis muaj, thiab tsis muaj lawv li kev ua tsov rog zoo li cas?
Tias yog vim li cas tib tus Persia nyob rau lub sijhawm no, saib ib puag ncig, txiav txim siab koom nrog riam phom niaj hnub rau nws pab tub rog, yog li kom tsis txhob poob yam tsawg ntawm nws yav dhau los kev ywj pheej. Nyiaj? Zoo, nyiaj ib txwm tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ntaus pob taws ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus nrog cov pas, zindan tseem tsis tau raug tshem tawm ib yam, yog li Sab Hnub Tuaj yeej tsis muaj cov teeb meem no. Ib yam li Caribbean, txawm li cas los xij.
Thaum xub thawj, vim qee qhov, rab phom Mannlicher ntawm xyoo 1886 tus qauv tau txais lub xib teg los ntawm Persia. Nws tsis paub meej tias lawv dag Persians li cas, tab sis dag lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm dhau mus, thiab lawv pib pom tias Mauser phom zoo dua, muaj kev ntseeg siab dua, thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Austria-Hungary nws tus kheej txawm hloov mus rau lawv. Ntawd yog, nws tau ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev ua siab zoo, tsis saib rau qhov zoo, thiab qhov no hais ntau.
Mannlicher phom qauv 1886 (Tsev khaws puav pheej Army, Stockholm)
Mannlicher rab phom ntev xyoo 1886
Yog li ntawd, twb yog xyoo 1929, Persia tau hloov mus rau Mauser phom loj, thiab tau txais "rab phom ntev" qauv M1898 / 29, uas zoo ib yam xyoo 1829 nws tau xaj hauv Czechoslovakia ntawm cov tub rog cog hauv Brno. Thiab tib rab phom no tau txais lub npe sib txawv М1898 / 38, txij li qhov kev txiav txim tau rov ua dua. Tab sis peb txaus siab rau qhov ntau, thiab lawv tau loj heev: 80,000 raws li daim ntawv cog lus xyoo 1929 thiab 100,000 hauv qab daim ntawv cog lus xyoo 1938. Tseeb, muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg vim yog cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 1938, tab sis Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau nyob hauv Czechoslovakia, tsis tawm tsam nws ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus xyoo 1940. Yog li thaum kawg Iran (Persia dhau los ua Iran xyoo 1935!) Tseem tau txais nws.
Lub xeev lub cim ntawm Iran ntawm chav ntawm M1898 / 36 phom loj.
Cov yam ntxwv sab nraud ntawm rab phom no yog raws li hauv qab no: tus neeg txais dub thiab lub thoob, tab sis cov xaum npib tsib xee-plated nrog ncaj ncaj reloading tuav. Standard Mauser cartridge thiab txheem German caliber. Cov ntawv sau ua lus Arabic tau muab sau rau hauv chav, yog li nws yooj yim heev kom paub txog "Iranian Mauser" phom ob qho los ntawm lub tsho npab thiab ntawm cov ntawv sau no.
Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm tus ntsia thawv ntsia liaj qhov rooj.
Lwm qhov sib txawv nyob hauv cov cim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, qhov twg tsis siv cov lej peb tau siv, cov lej Arabic tiag tiag tau siv thiab hauv cov cim ntawm cov phom.
Kev pom nrog kev xaiv ntawm cov lej Arabic thiab lawv txhais lus rau European.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm no tias txhua tus phom Iran muaj Farsi tus lej. Feem ntau, cov npe ntawm cov ntoo tau siv hauv peb kab: thawj tus lej, ua raws kab thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm cov cim uas txhais tau tias lo lus "Infantry".
Nws kuj tseem ua rau tsis meej pem uas cov hnub sau rau ntawm cov phom feem ntau yog los ntawm Iranian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob meej pem nrog daim ntawv qhia hnub Islamic siv hauv lwm lub tebchaws Muslim. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua "Jalali Calendar", yog daim ntawv qhia hnub nyoog Iran dawb huv (los ntawm txoj kev, nws kuj tseem siv nyob rau Afghanistan) - Ntxiv mus, nws yog daim ntawv qhia hnub ci uas pib txhua xyoo los ntawm vernal equinox thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb astronomical raug. hauv Tehran. Kev ua lej tom qab tag nrho cov hnub no nyuaj txaus, tab sis muaj cov haujlwm yooj yim hauv Is Taws Nem los hloov cov hnub rau hnub tim.
Tsuas yog xyoo 1949 nws puas tau tso nws tus kheej M1949 carbines ntawm tsob ntoo hauv Mosalsasi, tsim dua nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm Czechoslovakia. Cov qauv no tau ua raws qhov nrov Czechoslovakian M1930 carbine, xa mus rau Iran raws li daim ntawv cog lus xyoo 1938. Lub sijhawm no, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tuav ntawm nws twb tau nkhaus thiab lub qhov rooj tau ua ntawm cov khoom hauv qab nws. Qhov txaus siab, xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom tau raug tsoo tawm ntawm txoj kab nkhaus tuav hauv cov lej Arabic, tab sis cov lej ntawm qhov pom yog peb li, nyob sab Europe! Ib rab riam phom los ntawm M1898 / 38 rab phom tso siab rau ntawm carbine.
Tam sim no peb yuav tsiv mus rau Qaib Cov Txwv thiab pom dab tsi nyob ntawd. Thiab muaj qhov kev sau riam phom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, piv txwv li, tib lub xyoo 1876 Winchesters uas cov Turks tau ua tiav nrog Russia ua tsov rog xyoo 1877-1878.
Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov Turks tau hloov pauv lawv tus kheej rau lub tebchaws Yelemes. Cov kws qhia German tau kawm txog pab tub rog Turkish, cov phom German tau koom nrog pab tub rog Turkish thiab tawm tsam hauv ob qhov kev ua rog Balkan thiab thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1.
Thaum Qaib Cov Txwv txiav txim siab muab nws cov tub rog ua tub rog nrog rab phom tua phom nyob rau xyoo 1887, lawv tau xaj ib nrab lab tus qauv 1871/84 phom los ntawm Mauser cov kwv tij, thiab tam sim ntawd tau los ua ib lub tuam txhab cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, nws yog daim ntawv cog lus no uas tau lees tias muaj nyiaj txiag muaj sia nyob ntawm Mauser hom thiab yog li muab cov tuam txhab muaj txiaj ntsig loj uas tso cai rau nws loj hlob ntxiv.
Mauser phom М1871 / 84. (Tsev khaws puav pheej Army, Stockholm)
Daim ntawv cog lus no tseem ceeb heev uas nws tau tham txog tus kheej los ntawm Isidor Loewe thiab Paul Mauser, ob leeg tau mus rau Turkey kom kos npe pom zoo nrog tsoomfwv Turkey. Qhov kev xaj yuav tsum tau faib nruab nrab ntawm cov lag luam ntawm Loewe thiab Mauser, tab sis thaum kawg txhua rab phom tau ua ntawm Mauser cog hauv Oberndorf am Neckar. Tus qauv Turkish 187l / 84 txawv ntawm tus qauv Mauser nyob rau hauv uas cov phom loj Turkish siv 9.5x60R daim cartridge. Cov Turks tau muab lub npe riam phom no ua 1887 tus qauv ntawm lub xyoo. Cov phom muaj cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab rau yim puag ncig, thiab ob qho ntxiv tuaj yeem nqa ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom thiab hauv lub thoob. Muzzle tshaj tawm 550 m / sec. - yog cov ntaub ntawv rau mos mos mos mos mos. Feem ntau, qhov piv txwv ntawm rab phom no nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab tau zoo dua li lwm tus thiab txawm tias zoo tshaj li tus qauv qub! Nws tuaj yeem hais tias 9.5 mm caliber rau cov hmoov dub cartridge tau pom zoo. Cov phom ntev hauv lub thoob tsis tau nrawm dua li hauv cov ntsuas me me, thiab tib lub sijhawm rov qab tsis muaj zog ib yam li cov loj dua. Nws tau txais mus rau lub ntsiab lus tias thaum cov Turks pib siv cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb, lawv tsis hloov lub mos txwv hauv daim cartridge no. Nws tseem tshuav ib yam, uas yog, nws tau ua los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas dawb huv thiab qhwv hauv ntawv. Mauser phom loj ntawm 1887 tus qauv tau tom qab ntawd hauv cov tub rog khaws cia hauv tebchaws Turkey thiab tau siv rau ntawm Caucasian pem hauv ntej xyoo 1914-1917.
Cartridge 9, 5x60R.
Ib qho ntawm cov lus cog tseg yog tias Qaib Cov Txwv tuaj yeem siv ib qho kev txhim kho tshiab hauv Mauser phom ntev uas tau tshwm sim thaum tsim khoom. Xyoo 1890, thaum kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tau npaj tiav, Qaib ntxhw txiav txim siab hloov mus rau tus qauv tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm 1889, piv txwv li. qhov thiaj li hu ua "Belgian Mauser". Yog li, kwv yees li 250,000 tus qauv Turkish ntawm 1887 tau tsim.
Xyoo 1887 Mauser zoo rau txhua tus, tab sis xyoo 1890 tsoomfwv Turkey xav xaj xaj phom tshiab, hu ua Turkish Mauser M1890. Belgian Mauser M1889 tau coj los ua lub hauv paus, tab sis nrog kev hloov pauv. Nws lub cev tau poob nws lub tsho "tsho" thiab tau txais lub luv luv ntoo sab saum toj ntawm lub cev. Ib qho ntxiv, tus qauv Belgian tau tsim los rau 7, 65x53 mm cartridge, thiab Turks xav tau rab phom loj rau German 7, 92 x 57 mm cartridge. Cov chav ntawm cov phom no tau ntim nrog "Tohra" - lub monogram ntawm Sultan Abdul -Hamid II, uas txiav txim los ntawm 1876 txog 1909. Cov paib yog cov ntawv kos hauv kab ntawv Arabic nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: "Abdul Hamid yeej ib txwm yeej, tus tub rog yeej." Nws kuj tau muab tso rau ntawm pommel ntawm tus tuav tes.
"Thov"
Tus qauv tom ntej ntawm Mauser phom rau cov tub rog Turkish yog xyoo 1893 tus qauv phom loj. Lub sijhawm no "Spanish Mauser" raug coj ua piv txwv, uas dhau los ua "Turkish". Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov ntawv xov xwm tso rau hauv ib lub thawv uas muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov cartridges. Cov phom tau hloov kho tshiab xyoo 1933 thiab tau paub tias yog M1893 / 33.
Nov yog dab tsi sau ntawm no. Hauv Arabic, tau kawg: "Waffenfabrik Mauser Oberndorf Neckar-DeutcheRiech".
Xyoo 1903, kev xa khoom tshiab tau ua raws, tam sim no raws li Gewer 98, tab sis tseem nrog txoj hlua ncaj ncaj tuav. Ib zaug ntxiv, lawv tau tsim los rau 7, 65x53 mm cartridge, tab sis tau rov tua dua nyob rau hauv "German 8-mm caliber" xaiv los ntawm Turks ntawm lub Hoobkas Ankara caj npab. Cov phom tau hloov kho tshiab xyoo 1938 thiab tau paub tias yog M1903 / 38.
Rifle nrog lub cim ntawm lub Hoobkas hauv Ankara.
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Qaib Cov Txwv tau txais los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ntau "commission" M1888 phom. Ntau ntawm lawv tau hloov pauv hauv xyoo 1938 kom tua cov qauv 1905 "S" puag ncig. Lawv tshem tawm "lub tsho" ntawm lub thoob thiab muab cov ntoo thooj ntaub qhwv.
Thaum ntxov 20s, Czechoslovakia dhau los ua tus muab phom rau Turkey thiab pib tsim cov phom M1898 / 22 rau nws. Nyob rau ntawm chav ntawm cov phom no muaj cov ntawv sau: "Сeskoslovenska zbroevka BRNO".
Berthier carbine nrog tsib phau ntawv xov xwm Mle 1916 (Tsev khaws puav pheej Army, Stockholm)
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tsoomfwv Turkey tau tuav ntau txhiab leej (los ntawm 5 txog 10 txhiab) phom Berthier Fab Kis, feem ntau yog cov qauv 1907/15, tab sis kuj tseem yog Mle 1916. Feem ntau cov riam phom no tau xa los ntawm Syria mus rau Iraq los ntawm tsoomfwv Fab Kis ntawm Vichy ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, Qaib ntxhw muaj teeb meem nrog kev txiav txim tsis raug cai ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig Circassian walnut hav zoov thiab tsoomfwv xav tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab nws cov hav zoov nrog riam phom tsim nyog. Nws tau txiav txim siab siv lub mos txwv uas tsis yog-tus qauv rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv hav zoov, yog tias lawv cov phom raug nyiag, lawv yuav tsis siv. Cov phom Berthier chambered rau 8x50R Lebel yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws hauv qhov no, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj raug xaiv los ua lub hom phiaj no. Lub khw muaj tsuas yog peb daim cartridges, yog li ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tham txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig sib ntaus ntawm qhov riam phom no.
M48 hav zoov carbine.
Cov phom tau raug txiav, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv yog los ntawm Mauser carbines ntawm 1905 (tsis muaj bayonet). Ib lub thwj cim tshiab tshwm ntawm chav: "TC Orman" (Turkish Republican Forestry Company) nrog hnub tim 1948. Los ntawm 5,000 txog 10,000 rab phom tau hloov pauv. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv pheej yig ntawm kev ua lag luam sau - $ 250-300, txij li qhov kev thov rau riam phom Turkish feem ntau qis.
Kev xaiv ntawm lub chamber ntawm carbine.
