Gevär fm1881 - phom phom loj ntawm Yarman system (Tsev khaws puav pheej Army, Stockholm)
Thiab ua ntej "krag", Cov tub rog Norwegian raug tua los ntawm rab phom ntawm Yarman system ntawm 1884 tus qauv, tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1878. Yarman yog thawj rab phom rab phom nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv Norway thiab tseem yog nws li kev txhim kho. Ua ntej qhov no, kev ua tub rog ntawm Norwegian pab tub rog tau sib txawv heev. Cov phom siv yog Wetterly, Winchester, Hotchkiss thiab qauv qauv Remington-Lee thaum ntxov. Txawm tias cov phom German Mauser M71 / 84 thiab cov piv txwv thaum ntxov ntawm Kropachek cov phom tau xaus ntawm no, ntawm cov pob zeb, fjord-txiav sab qaum teb ntawm Europe.
Yarman rab phom nrog ib qho ntawm cov piv txwv bayonet.
Qhov tseeb, ua tub rog nrog txhua yam riam phom sib txawv, cov tub rog Norwegian nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog qee yam zoo li cov tub rog - qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem ua rau txhua lub tebchaws hwm tus kheej. Tab sis nws tsuas yog tshwm sim uas Norwegian engineer Jacob Smith Yarman paub qhov no ua ntej lwm tus, uas tau tsim nws rab phom ua ntej rau cov hmoov dub dub, thiab tom qab ntawd rau cov mos txwv tsis haus luam yeeb. Ntxiv mus, nws cov phom tau tsim tsis yog rau cov tub rog Norwegian nkaus xwb, tabsis kuj yog nyob ze Sweden. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Yarman tau npaj rab phom ntawm 1884 tus qauv ntawm lub xyoo chambered rau cov hmoov dub ntawm 10, 15 mm caliber thiab nrog yim-puag ncig tubular magazine, uas nyob hauv qab lub thoob los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Winchester magazine. Thiab ua ntej, rab phom ib leeg tau nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam. Cov tub rog Norwegian tau txiav txim siab - txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog kev xav ntawm Norwegian cov tub rog - tias yog rab phom tua 15 zaug hauv ib feeb, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj daim cartridges yuav txaus rau nws!
Yarman rab phom ntaus ntawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, Yarman tsis pib nrog rab phom, tab sis nrog rab phom. Txhua rab phom feem ntau yog daim cartridge. Yog li, rau nws rab phom, Yarman nyob rau xyoo 1870s lig - thaum ntxov xyoo 1880s ua ntej ntawm txhua tus tau tsim daim cartridge uas tau pom zoo los ntawm kev sib koom ua haujlwm Swedish -Norwegian thaum xyoo 1881, thiab tsuas yog thaum xyoo 1884 nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev siv nrog rau phom.
Cartridge thiab mos txwv rau Yarman rab phom.
Nws muaj lub raj mis zoo li lub tes tsho tooj dag nrog lub ntsej muag pom tau tias zoo li lub flange thiab lub qhov ntsaws rau lub hauv paus sib ntaus sib tua. Tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov dub uas hnyav 4.5 g tau siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov ntaub ntawv cartridge kuj tseem muaj tsev nyob (ib txwm rau cov cartridges ntawm cov xyoo ntawd) lub foob ua los ntawm ob daim duab los qhia ntawv, nruab nrab uas muaj cov roj sib xyaw thiab sib xyaw. Nws yuav tsum tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau lub phom ntawm rab phom thaum raug rho tawm thiab yog li ua rau txo qis kev coj ua ntawm lub thoob. Lub mos txwv yog cov hlau lead, blunt-taw tes thiab nrog tus thais hauv qab. Raws li nyob rau hauv daim cartridge ntawm Berdan phom loj, lub mos txwv muaj daim ntawv qhwv, uas tseem txo qis kev coj ua ntawm lub thoob. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov mos txwv yog 21, 85 g, thiab thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, nws tau txais nrawm txog 500 m / s. Thaum lub thawv ntawv tau hloov kho tshiab, lub mos txwv nrog lub plhaub hlau tau hloov pauv rau nws, thiab cov hmoov dub tau hloov pauv nrog ballistite, uas ua rau nws zoo ib yam li 500 m / s thiab lub zog ntawm 2350 J.
Yarman cov cartridge tau siv rau tsuas yog xya xyoo, tom qab ntawd lawv tau pib siv lub 6, 5x55 daim cartridge rau "Swedish Mauser". Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam ntawm daim cartridges tsis raug pov tseg. Qee qhov tau hloov kho rau phom phom, thiab qee qhov raug muag raws li rab phom tua tsiaj. Daim cartridge no tsis nyob hauv kev tsim khoom lawm.
Lub shutter rau rab phom Yarman.
Cov phom muaj qhov yooj yim breechblock nrog tus tuav ncaj hauv nws nraub qaum, thiab thaum thauj khoom dua, nws tig mus txog 45 degrees. Lub ejector tau nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab yog lub phaj hlau yooj yim uas muaj caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Qhov hnyav - 4.5 kg.
Shutter ntaus ntawv rau Yarman rab phom.
Lub phom tau sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke Norwegian-Swedish, thiab, raws li lawv hais, "zoo li" rau nws. Tab sis txij li lub sijhawm no ntau rab phom ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau tshwm sim, lub siab xav tau hais kom tig nws mus rau hauv "khw". Ntau qhov qauv ntawm cov phom tau npaj, uas muaj cov ntawv xov xwm. Ole Hermann Johannes Krag - tus tsim cov phom Krag -Petersen thiab tus tsim yav tom ntej ntawm rab phom Krag -Jorgensen - tsim ob tsab ntawv xov xwm rau phom Järman, ib qho uas yuav luag zoo ib yam rau nws tom qab siv rau nws lub neej yav tom ntej Krag-Jorgensen ". Yakhauj Yarman nws tus kheej kuj tau ua ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov phom, feem ntau yog cov ntawv xov xwm tubular hauv qab lub thoob lossis nrog cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm tau teeb tsa nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Qhov kawg tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tub rog tsis tsim nyog siv ua tub rog, thiab thaum kawg lawv tseem xaiv cov ntawv xov xwm tubular. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv, nws zoo ib yam li cov ntawv xov xwm tubular ntawm Kropachek phom ntev thiab tej zaum yuav tau ua nws cov qauv, txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo yog tias "qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab" rau tus tsim qauv yog qhov tseeb Krag-Petersen phom loj.
Los ntawm saum toj mus rau hauv qab: Krag-Jorgensen M1894 (cov qauv pej xeem nrog lub tsom iav pom), Krag-Petersen, Yarman M1884, Remington M1867 (Fram Museum, Oslo)
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias tsis muaj teeb meem li cas qhov kev tsim qauv no tau zoo, nws muaj ib qho teeb meem loj thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau qhov muaj nyob hauv txhua rab phom ntawm hom no. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tubular thiab cov mos txwv nrog lub hauv paus "qhov hluav taws kub" yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov mos txwv nrog cov mos txwv ntse. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov sib npaug ntawm riam phom tau hloov pauv nrog txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, uas rau qee yam cuam tshuam rau qhov raug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
Yarman rab phom rab phom tuav.
Tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tuav ntawm carbine qauv 1886
Tsis tas li ntawd, rab phom tseem yog rab phom muaj zog heev, vim nws muaj caj dab ncaj, yooj yim rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub xov tooj cua tau ntev heev thiab yog T-shaped epee hniav tiag tiag, zoo ib yam li rab phom los ntawm rab phom Gra, tab sis tsis muaj tus nuv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.
Aim.
Qhov pom tau kawm tiav ntawm 200 txog 1600 m. Nws tau sau tseg tias Yarman rab phom yog qhov phom sij zoo tshaj plaws rau nws lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1886, kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm Norwegian-Swedish uas tau xaiv nws ua ntej tau npaj cov npe ntawm txhua qhov phom sij sim. Thiab txiav txim los ntawm cov npe no, nws tuaj yeem pom tias Yarman M1884 tau zoo dua li lwm cov phom uas tau sim. Yog li nws hloov tawm tias "Yarman" nrog nws 10, 15 mm lub mos txwv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 438 meters muaj qhov raug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov lwm tus. Hauv qhov no, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev los ntawm Remington M1867, thiab tseem yog rab phom Gra. Txawm tias rab phom Mauser (txawm tias nws yog Gewehr 1871) muaj qhov ua tau zoo me ntsis raws li qhov tseeb.
Nws yog ntawm Yarman rab phom uas zoo li U-shaped magazine ntawm Ludwig Liové system, arr. Xyoo 1880, uas yuav tsum tau tig nws mus rau hauv khw muag khoom nrog qhov sib npaug zoo dua piv rau cov phom nrog cov ntawv xov xwm hauv qab nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev hloov pauv. (Tsev khaws puav pheej tiv thaiv, Oslo)
Lub khw tau txuas nrog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm hauv qab no, thiab cov kab xev tau pub los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los ntawm lub qhov ntawm sab xis ncaj qha mus rau tus txais thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj txav mus. Tab sis … kev tsim qauv tsis ua tiav! (Tsev khaws puav pheej tiv thaiv, Oslo)
Hauv tag nrho, tsawg kawg 30,000 phom Yarman tau tsim rau Norwegian pab tub rog nyob rau kaum xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev saws hauv xyoo 1884 thiab tom qab tau txais yuav cov phom Krag-Jorgensen xyoo 1894. Lwm 1,500 tau tsim tawm nyob rau tib lub sijhawm rau lub nkoj Swedish. Hauv cov tub rog Norwegian, nws tau hloov phom Remington M1867, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, thaum nws tau hloov pauv nrog rab phom ntau dua, lawv khaws qee qhov hauv cov chaw khaws khoom. Xyoo 1905, thaum muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Norway thiab Sweden, cov phom no tau faib rau cov tub rog tshwj tseg. Xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s, cov phom phom tau muag ntawm cov pej xeem ua lag luam lossis hloov pauv mus rau M28 rab phom rab phom. Los ntawm nruab nrab-1920s txog thaum German ntxeem tau ntawm Norway, cov pej xeem tuaj yeem yuav phom ntev txog li ib feem peb ntawm cov khoom tshiab Krag-Jorgensen yuav raug nqi dab tsi. Tus nqi, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsim nyog heev, tab sis tsis muaj phom ntau muag. Tom qab ntawd lub tswv yim sawv los muag cov phom no thiab mos txwv nyob txawv teb chaws. Xyoo 1929, txog 5,000 phom tau muag rau qee lub tuam txhab German, tab sis lawv txoj hmoo tsis tau paub. Xyoo 1936, Vaj Ntxwv Ibn Saud ntawm Saudi Arabia tau pib sib tham kom yuav 20,000 Yarman phom nrog mos txwv rau nws tub ceev xwm, tab sis kev muag khoom tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Norwegian parliament, uas tau sib cav tias kev muag cov riam phom qub dhau los yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo rau Norway cov duab.
Txoj cai saib. (Tsev khaws puav pheej tiv thaiv, Oslo)
Nov yog qhov uas tau sau txog lub khw no hauv phau ntawv los ntawm V. E. Markevich "Tes siv phom" (Polygon, 1994. P.422) "Khw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub thawv tiaj tiaj raws qhov ntev ntawm daim cartridge; nws khawm rab phom los ntawm hauv qab no thiab los ntawm ob sab hauv ib nrab ib ncig. Sab laug ntawm lub khw tau raug kaw, sab xis tau qhib thiab nruab nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb (tus xa khoom). Lub npov muaj lub zigzag nplooj caij nplooj ntoo hlav uas pub cov pob txha. Cov ntawv xov xwm tuav 11 puag ncig, 12 yog muab tso rau hauv lub thoob. Koj tuaj yeem sau lub khw hauv 15-20 vib nas this. Koj tuaj yeem tua 12 txhaj tshuaj hauv 24-35 vib nas this. Sab nraum lub khw muaj lub khawm rau thim rov qab thiab xauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum thauj khoom, lossis thaum nws tsim nyog los tshem tawm ib qho kev ncua. Khaws qhov hnyav - 380 grams.
Liove lub khw muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li Tenner's Lavxias khw muag khoom ua ntej nws. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho thiab lwm lub khw tsuas yog nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cuab yeej, piv txwv li, Tenner muaj lub xaim pub lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, Liove ua los ntawm ib lub phaj, sib faib me ntsis sib txawv, thiab ntxiv rau. Ntxiv rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab hnyav hnyav ntawm rab phom, Liove lub khw kuj tseem yuav tsum tau rov kho tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas tseem kim heev, yog li lub khw tau raug tsis lees paub."
Sab laug saib. (Tsev khaws puav pheej tiv thaiv, Oslo)
Xyoo 1938, tus tswv lag luam ntiag tug, Trygve G. Gigen, yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Norwegian, ua rau muaj kev txaj muag thoob ntiaj teb tiag tiag los ntawm kev muag Yarman cov phom rau Ceylon. Tus Tuam Thawj Saib Xyuas Tebchaws Askiv tau yws rau tsoomfwv Norwegian, taw qhia tias Ceylon yog neeg Askiv muaj, yog li tsis muaj lus nug txog kev muag riam phom ntiag tug rau cov kob no. Tsoomfwv Norwegian tau cem Gigen, tom qab ntawd nws thim nws qhov kev thov. Nws kuj tau hais kom muag cov phom no mus rau Lithuania, Cuba, Nicaragua, thiab Bulgaria, ntxiv rau Ltalis thiab Netherlands, tab sis txhua qhov kev sim no tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws ntseeg tias thaum lub sijhawm German ua haujlwm ntawm Norway, cov neeg German tau rhuav tshem 21,000 Yarman cov phom, vim lawv tsuas yog haum rau cov neeg koom nrog.
