Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev nom kev tswv nyob rau sab Asia sab hnub tuaj, uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev lees paub ntawm cov pejxeem, nrog rau txoj haujlwm muaj zog ntawm cov radicals sab laug, yuam ntau lub xeev hauv cheeb tsam kom ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tsim, kev tsim khoom thiab kev qhia ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm kev qhia thiab kev paub sib ntaus yog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xeev ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub tuaj Asia - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias tau ntau xyoo lawm cov xeev no yuav tsum tau ua tsov rog tawm tsam cov koom haum tsim ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov thiab roob hauv ntau thaj chaw. Kev sib cais ntawm haiv neeg kev tawm tsam, kev ntseeg Islamic thiab cov neeg sab nrauv - cov neeg tawm tsam yog cov neeg tawm tsam ntev ntawm cov xeev no thiab tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam riam phom tawm tsam lawv txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Hauv kab lus kawg peb tham txog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Indonesia, thiab lub sijhawm no peb yuav tham txog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Malaysia.
Kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv ib feem thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm British SAS
Malaysia tau txais kev tswj hwm nom tswv hauv xyoo 1957 - thawj zaug yog Federation of Malaysia, uas suav nrog Malay Peninsula, thiab xyoo 1963, cov xeev Sabah thiab Sarawak nyob ntawm Island of Kalimantan tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Federation of Malaysia. Txij li thawj xyoo tom qab tsov rog, txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1940s. cov tub ceev xwm ntawm British Malaya tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Malaya.
Kev Tsov Rog Malay yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev ua tsov rog tom qab kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas cov neeg Askiv yuav tsum tau ntsib kev tsim tub rog kev txav chaw thiab, raws li, maj mam tsim tshwj xeeb kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog qhov kev paub ntawm Tsov Rog Malay uas Askiv tau pib siv nyob rau lwm qhov chaw. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tub rog txav mus los hauv hav zoov ntawm Malacca sai sai no qhia txog qhov xav tau rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm British Malaya los tsim cov chav tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem taug qab thiab rhuav tshem pawg tub rog.
Xyoo 1940s - 1950s lig. kev ua tub rog tiv thaiv Malay cov koomhaum koomhaum koomhaum tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm tebchaws Askiv. Hauv hav zoov ntawm Malacca, ntxiv rau cov tub rog Askiv, neeg Australia, New Zealanders, Rhodesians tuaj xyuas. Nws yog Kev Tsov Rog Malay uas yuam cov tub rog Askiv ua thawj coj kom tso tseg cov phiaj xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav lub npe nrov SAS - Kev Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb Hauv Aviation, uas tau tsim los tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II xaus. SAS cov neeg tua rog tau ua haujlwm rau nyob ntev (txog plaub lub hlis) hauv hav zoov Malay. Lub sijhawm no, nws yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog tshawb nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg koom nrog, tabsis tseem yuav tsim kev sib cuag nrog cov pejxeem hauv zej zog, kom tau txais kev khuv leej ntawm "pab pawg hauv hav zoov" thiab siv cov neeg txawv tebchaws hauv kev tawm tsam nrog cov koomhaum koom pheej. Chav ua haujlwm hauv Malaya tau hu ua "Malay Scouts", lossis 22nd CAC. Nws suav nrog tsis yog nrhiav cov tub rog Askiv nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem yog Rhodesians, New Zealanders, Australia thiab Fijians.
Ntxiv rau SAS, nto moo "Gurkha" - Cov kws tua phom Nepal uas tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog Askiv tau tawm tsam hauv hav zoov ntawm Malaya. Tsis tas li ntawd, Sarawak Rangers tau siv los tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog kev sib cais - chav tshwj xeeb uas nws cov hauv paus rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 - yog thaum ntawd tus neeg Askiv Askiv James Brook, uas dhau los ua "dawb raja" ntawm Sarawak, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cov kob ntawm Kalimantan, tsim cov chav tseem ceeb no los ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws hauv zos - Dayaks. Tom qab Sarawak nkag mus rau Malaysia, Sarawak Rangers tau dhau los ua tus caj qaum ntawm Royal Ranger Regiment ntawm Malaysian Army. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm chav haujlwm no tseem tseem tau txais los ntawm Ibans - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg Dayak coob tshaj plaws hauv Kalimantan nyob hauv xeev Malaysia xeev Sarawak.
Thaum Malaysia tau txais kev tswj hwm nom tswv, lub tebchaws tus thawj coj yuav tsum tau daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua pacifying cov neeg tawm tsam ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov Malay. Ntxiv mus, tsis ntev tom qab kev koom nrog Kalimantan lub xeev Sabah thiab Sarawak rau Malaysia, cov nyob sib ze Indonesia tau pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo tawm tsam lub tebchaws. Indonesian Thawj Tswj Hwm Sukarno tau tawm tsam txoj cai ntawm Malaysia rau Sabah thiab Sarawak, txiav txim siab cov xeev no los ua keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm xeev Indonesia, txij li lawv tau nyob ntawm cov kob Kalimantan, feem ntau tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Indonesia. Sukarno pib ua phem tawm tsam Malaysia nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tub rog sib tua hauv pawg ntseeg uas koom tes nrog Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Malaya.
Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb - Pab Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb
Cov Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm Malaysian Ministry of Defense. Xyoo 1965, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sib cav nrog Indonesia, cov lus txib Malaysia tau pib nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb los ntawm cov tub rog hauv av thiab pab tub rog los ua tub rog commando. Muaj 300 tus neeg xav tau nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, 1965, kev tsim nyog tau txais kev qhia pib ntawm lub yeej rog hauv Johor Bahru. Txoj kev kawm tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm British Royal Marines. Kev xaiv nruj soj ntsuam feem coob ntawm cov neeg sib tw - muaj 15 tus neeg sab laug uas yuav tsum tau mus kawm rau rau -lub lim tiam ntawm kev qhia ua haujlwm commando yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, tawm ntawm 15 qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsuas yog 13 tus neeg dhau txoj kev kawm - 4 tus tub ceev xwm thiab 9 tus tub rog thiab cov tuam txhab. Txawm tias daim ntawv teev npe thawj pawg neeg Malaysia tshwj xeeb tau raug khaws cia. Cov no yog Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Shahrul Nizam bin Ismail (so haujlwm ua tus dav dav), Major Abu Hasan bin Abdullah (so haujlwm ua tub ceev xwm), Lieutenants Mohammad Ramil bin Ismail (tom qab tau nce mus rau qib General), Gaazli bin Ibrahim (tseem so haujlwm ua General- Loj) thiab Hussin bin Awang Senik (tus thawj tub rog so haujlwm), Tus Ua Haujlwm Sergeant Zakaria bin Adas, Sergeants Anuar bin Talib, Ariffin bin Mohamad, Yahya bin Darus, Corporals Silva Doray and Mu Ki Fa, Corporals Johari bin Hadji Sabri Sira bin Ahmad. Nov yog li cas keeb kwm ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb - Grup Gerak Khas - cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm pab tub rog Malaysia pib.
Cia siab rau kev pab los ntawm kws qhia ntawv Askiv los ntawm Royal Marines, twb tau nyob hauv tib lub xyoo 1965, cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb tau nthuav dav thiab cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua 6 qhov kev kawm yooj yim. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1, 1970, Thawj Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb tau tsim nyob hauv Sungai Udang - hauv thaj tsam ntawm Malacca. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1981, lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb tau tsim los ntawm Imphal camp hauv Kuala Lumpur. Txog lub sijhawm no, ntxiv rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, Pab Pawg, uas zoo ib yam li cov tub rog, suav nrog peb qhov tshwj xeeb pabcuam kev pabcuam, nrog rau kev sib ntaus thiab logistics txhawb nqa. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Malaysia cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua tiav ua ke nrog cov tub rog commando ntawm Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, thiab Tebchaws Meskas.
Lub Yim Hli 1, 1976, Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Cov Tub Rog (Pusat Latihan Peperangan Khusus) tau tsim, uas kev sib ntaus sib tua kev cob qhia ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb Pabcuam Tub Rog tau ua nyob rau hauv cov hauv qab no: kev qhia yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog, tub rog thiab tub rog ntawm Malaysia, kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws, kev qhia paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, kuaj cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, muab cov kws qhia tsim nyog rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawm ntawm lub chaw cob qhia, cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb tau ua raws cov theem hauv qab no ntawm kev qhia.
Thawj tsib-lub lim tiam kev qhia ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab tus kheej lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus. Nyob rau theem no, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog txhawb kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, txhim kho kev tuav riam phom, cov khoom tawg, tau txais txuj ci hauv tshuaj, toj roob hauv pes, nce toj thiab nce pob zeb, thiab kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb. Cov tub rog yuav tsum, nrog cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua, ua ntau qhov kev tawm tsam rau 4, 8 km, 8 km, 11, 2 km, 14 km thiab 16 km. Cov theem no feem ntau xaus nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm ntau tus tub rog uas tsis haum rau lub sijhawm los npog qhov kev ncua deb.
Ob-lub lim tiam tom ntej ntawm txoj kev kawm suav nrog kev npaj rau kev ua tsov rog hauv hav zoov thiab suav nrog kev paub txog kev muaj sia nyob hauv hav zoov, tiv thaiv thiab saib xyuas cov hav zoov, teeb tsa chaw ua tub rog nyob hauv thaj chaw ntoo, thiab ua haujlwm sib ntaus. Ntxiv mus, cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb txav mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev cob qhia, qhov uas lawv yuav muaj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov iav. Peb hnub tau muab npog 160 km. Cov tub rog uas tswj kom hla qhov deb ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg yuav tsum nyob tau xya hnub nyob rau thaj tsam swampy tsis muaj zaub mov thiab txawm tias hnav khaub ncaws zoo li cas, tsuas yog hnav ris tsho hauv qab. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb yog kawm txog kev ua neej nyob hauv hav dej. Cov uas tsis tiv nrog txoj haujlwm raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv mus, cov tub rog yuav muaj theem ntawm kev qhia ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv. Rau ob lub lis piam, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yav tom ntej tau qhia txog kev pib ntawm cov nkoj me, caij nkoj hauv kayaks, tsaws rau ntawm ntug dej, thiab dhia dej. Qhov kev xeem zaum kawg ntawm theem kev qhia no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau nrug deb ntawm 160 km hauv kayaks raws Malay Strait. Theem thib tsib ntawm kev cob qhia suav nrog kev ua tiav cov haujlwm los tsim kev sib txuas lus nrog "tus neeg sawv cev" thiab zam kev sib tham nrog tus yeeb ncuab tsis raug cai. Yog tias cov tub rog raug ntes, lawv ntsib kev tsim txom thiab kho tsis zoo. Cov commandos tau ua lub luag haujlwm txuas ntxiv txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov chaw kuaj xyuas, tom qab uas qhov kev xeem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav.
Pab pawg tshwj xeeb suav nrog peb qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Lub 11 Qhov Kev Pab Tshwj Xeeb tshwj xeeb qee zaum kuj tseem hu ua Counter-Terrorism Regiment. Nws qhov peev xwm suav nrog kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, suav nrog kev tso cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab kev coj ua los tiv thaiv kev ua phem, suav nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Kev cob qhia ntawm cov tub rog tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij - cov kws qhia ntawm 22nd British SAS thiab Asmeskas "ntsuab berets". Hauv Pawg Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb, pawg tiv thaiv kev ua phem phem raug suav tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb. Nws yog me dua li ob qhov kev coj ua hauv qhov loj thiab suav nrog 4 pawg tub rog. Tab sis tsuas yog cov commandos uas tau ua haujlwm tsawg kawg 6 xyoo hauv lwm pawg ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tau txais kev pabcuam hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ntshai.
Lub 21 Commando Regiment thiab 22nd Commando Regiment tseem raug hu ua kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Lawv tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsis yog ib txwm muaj-kev ua haujlwm sab nrauv thiab cov neeg tawm tsam, ua kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog npaj rau kev nqis tes ua hauv hav zoov. Lub 22nd Commando Regiment tau tsim nyob rau Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1977 ntawm Sungai Udang camp hauv Malacca. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1981, tau tsim txoj haujlwm pabcuam thib 11 thiab 12 tshwj xeeb, uas nws lub luag haujlwm yog txhawb nqa 21 thiab 22nd commando regiments. Txawm li cas los xij, qib 12 tau poob qis.
Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Malaysia yog tus nyob hauv qab ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab lub hauv paus chaw ntawm lub tebchaws cov tub rog. Cov pab pawg tau hais los ntawm Brigadier General Dato Abdu Samad bin Hadji Yakub. Tus kws ua zaub mov zoo yog Sultan ntawm Johor. Tam sim no, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yog kev tawm ntawm ntau tus neeg sib ntaus qub los ntawm kev pabcuam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm haujlwm thiab nyiam cov neeg nrhiav neeg tshiab, cov tub rog hais kom ua xyoo 2005tau txiav txim siab nce cov nyiaj hli ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tub rog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm kev pabcuam - ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov hu ua. kev txhawb siab them nyiaj.
Cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Tshwj Xeeb tau hnav cov tub rog zoo ib yam ntawm cov qauv rau cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Malaysia, tab sis txawv ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm lwm chav nyob los ntawm lub taub hau - ntsuab ntsuab nrog lub cim ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Lub cim ntawm Malaysia Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb yog rab riam nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav. Cov xim tom qab ntawm lub cim yog obliquely xiav thiab ntsuab. Cov xim ntsuab ua piv txwv txog chav tsev koom nrog cov tub rog hais kom ua, thiab xiav qhia txog keeb kwm kev sib txuas ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb nrog Royal Marines ntawm Great Britain. Tsov txhais tau tias ua siab phem thiab muaj hwj chim, thiab rab ntaj liab qab yog lub cim ntawm commando kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim nws ua raws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Malaysia. Tsis tas li, cov tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb hnav lub pluaj xiav, ua piv txwv txog kev sib txuas nrog Royal Marines. Ntawm lub hnab tshos sab laug, cov ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev cob qhia dhia dhia tseem hnav cov duab ntawm tis.
Txoj hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau ib nrab ib puas xyoo ntawm nws lub neej suav nrog ntau ntu ntu ntawm kev koom nrog kev ua phem - ob qho tib si ntawm thaj chaw Malaysia thiab txawv teb chaws. Txij xyoo 1966 txog 1990, tau 24 xyoos, cov tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv hav zoov ntawm Malaysia. Raws li qhov tseeb, rau lub hom phiaj no, chav nyob ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau tsim thaum xub thawj. Xyoo 1993, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Malaysia, koom nrog pab tub rog Pakistani, tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Mogadishu (Somalia) xyoo 1993, qhov uas ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb raug tua thiab ntau tus neeg raug mob. Xyoo 1998, Pab Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm Kev Sib Tw Hauv Tebchaws 16 hauv Kuala Lumpur, ua haujlwm nrog tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Malaysia tau dhau los ua cov tub rog nyob rau sab Asia sab hnub tuaj los koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Xyoo 2006, Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb, nrog rau Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog Ntu 10 thiab Tub Ceev Xwm Tshwj Xeeb, koom nrog kev sib haum xeeb hauv Timor East. Tsis tas li, Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Malaysia tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Lebanon - xyoo 2007, hauv Afghanistan - txhawm rau muab kev pab rau New Zealand cov tub rog nyob hauv Bamiyan. Xyoo 2013, hauv xeev Sabah, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshem tawm ntawm pawg neeg phem.
Kev Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb Aviation
Raws li hauv Indonesia, hauv Malaysia, txhua ceg ntawm cov tub rog muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb rog. Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog Malaysia suav nrog Pasukan Khas Udara, lossis PASKAU - Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb Dav Hlau Pabcuam Dav Hlau). Chav tsev no yog siv rau kev tawm tsam kev ua phem thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Royal Malaysia Air Force. Cov haujlwm tam sim ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv dav hlau suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm neeg, kho hluav taws hauv dav hlau, thiab tawm tsam kev ua phem thiab kev tawm tsam.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv dav hlau, zoo li cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog hauv av, rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav ntawm tsoomfwv Malaysia cov tub rog thiab cov neeg koom tes ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Malaya. Tom qab pawg neeg tawm tsam tau tua phom rau ntawm lub hauv paus huab cua, uas ua rau RAF lub dav hlau thauj mus los puas tsuaj, Air Force tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia los tsim chav tshwj xeeb tshiab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub hauv paus huab cua. Lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1980, tau tsim chav tsev tshiab, uas tau pib kawm los ntawm cov kws qhia Askiv los ntawm SAS. Txog Lub Peb Hlis 1, 1987, tau tsim 11 pawg tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv dav hlau Malaysia. Nws yog thawj lub npe hu ua Pasukan Pertahanan Darat dan Udara (HANDAU) - Tub Rog thiab Tiv Thaiv Av, thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 1, 1993 nws tau txais nws lub npe niaj hnub PASKAU.
Qhov tseeb, PASKAU muaj nyob raws li cov tub rog ntawm Royal Malaysia Air Force. Nws suav nrog peb hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog. Thawj yog cov tub rog tiv thaiv neeg phem. Lawv tshwj xeeb hauv kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, tso cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg phem, hauv kev ua haujlwm huab cua kom tso cov neeg raug tsim txom. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pab pawg muaj xws li pab pawg ntawm rau tus sib ntaus sib tua txhua tus - phom, tus neeg tua phom, tus kws tshaj lij kev sib txuas lus, tus kws tshaj lij tawg, thiab kws kho mob. Qhov thib ob, nrhiav kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua thiab pab cawm neeg tau siv los ua haujlwm cawm neeg nyob tom qab kab yeeb ncuab. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog nrhiav thiab cawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Royal Air Force aircraft thiab lawv cov neeg caij tsheb kom sai li sai tau. Thaum kawg, hom thib peb ntawm pab tub rog - rau kev tiv thaiv lub hauv paus huab cua - ua haujlwm rau tiv thaiv lub hauv paus huab cua, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw radar thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv huab cua. Thaum kawg, lawv cov haujlwm suav nrog kho kho hluav taws hauv aviation.
Kev cob qhia cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Malaysian aviation tau ua tiav hauv qib siab. Rau kaum ob lub lis piam, cov commandos dhau los ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm. Cov kev xeem suav nrog 160 km taug kev. tsis tu ncua, nce roob, caij nkoj, muaj sia nyob hauv hav zoov, tua sniper, sib ntaus sib tua. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev cob qhia cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv aviation tau muab tso rau hauv kev qhia ua haujlwm kom tso cov neeg raug txhom thiab tiv thaiv kev nyiag cov pej xeem thiab tub rog lub dav hlau. Tom qab ua tiav kev kawm tiav thiab dhau qhov kev xeem, cov tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm thiab cov qeb-thiab-cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txoj cai hnav lub beret xiav thiab rab phom commando.
Thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm, PASKAU tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm haujlwm ntau zaus. Xyoo 2013, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv huab cua, ua ke nrog lwm cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam cov neeg phem Sulu. Plaub caug tus tub rog ntawm pab pawg tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws Afghanistan, thiab cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv dav hlau Malaysia tau koom nrog hauv kev saib xyuas kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Lebanon. Qhov Kev Pabcuam Tshwj Xeeb Dav Hlau yog tus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Royal Malaysia Air Force. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog tshwj xeeb yog Colonel Haji Nazri bin Daskhah, thiab tus thawj coj hwm yog General Datoh Rodzali bin Daud.
Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Tub Rog - tiv thaiv rau Malay roj
Xyoo 1975, cov lus txib ntawm Malaysian Navy kuj xav tias yuav tsum tsim lawv tus kheej lub zog tshwj xeeb. Nws tau txiav txim siab xaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Navy rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv kev qhia ntxiv hauv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb commando. Yog li pib keeb kwm ntawm Royal Malaysian Navy's Special Forces - Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL). Chav haujlwm no tau ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm me me hauv dej, dej hiav txwv, dej hiav txwv, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv lossis hauv thaj chaw swampy. Feem ntau, kev tsom mus rau chav tshwj xeeb no tseem muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv dav hlau - ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev ua tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog, kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, kev tiv thaiv cov neeg tiv thaiv, thiab tso cov neeg raug tsim txom. Thaum pib, PASKAL tau ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog hauv paus hauv tebchaws Malaysia.
Xyoo 1977, thawj pawg ntawm peb caug tus tub ceev xwm, hais los ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Sutarji bin Kasmin (tam sim no yog tus thawj tub rog so haujlwm), tau xa mus rau Kota Pahlavan, lub hauv paus tub rog hauv Surabaya, Indonesia. Txog lub sijhawm no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Malaysia thiab Indonesia tau ntev txij li tau ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov tebchaws tau dhau los ua cov koom tes tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab teeb meem kev nyab xeeb. Hauv tebchaws Indonesia, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm tub rog Malaysia tau pib qhia raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws qhia los ntawm KOPASKA, chav tshwj xeeb zoo sib xws ntawm Indonesian Navy. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb kuj tau xa mus rau Portsmouth - rau kev qhia ntawm Royal Marines ntawm Great Britain, thiab hauv California - rau kev qhia ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Asmeskas Navy. Hauv Coronado, ntawm lub hauv paus Asmeskas Tub Rog, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau raug cob qhia los ntawm kev coj ntawm Lieutenant Commander (Captain 2nd Rank) Ahmad Ramli Cardi.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1980, Malaysia tshaj tawm tias nws thaj tsam kev lag luam tshwj xeeb yuav nthuav dav mus txog 200 mais deb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Raws li, Malaysian Navy tau ua lub luag haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua phem tsis tau ntawm lub teb chaws thaj av. Raws li, txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1982, PASKAL pib siv hauv thaj tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm Malaysia. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv ntau dua peb caug lub rig hauv cov dej hiav txwv ntawm Malaysia. Lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm PASKAL thiab cov tub rog niaj hnub ua haujlwm ib ce los xyaum ua thaum muaj kev tawm tsam cov roj rigs lossis sim nyiag roj.
Ib tus neeg sib tw rau kev pabcuam hauv PASKAL chav yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 30 xyoo. Rau peb lub hlis, cov neeg nrhiav neeg tau txais cov txheej txheem kev qhia thiab kev xeem. Tom qab ua tiav lawv, cov neeg nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm uas tau ua tiav thawj qib kev qhia raug xa mus rau lub chaw haujlwm tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Sungai Udang, qhov uas lawv tau kawm txog kev ya dav hlau, nrog rau cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb - tshuaj, tawg, kev sib txuas lus, hluav taws xob engineering. Cov commandos tau kuaj mob txhua peb lub hlis. PASKAL kev xeem rau npe suav nrog cov qauv hauv qab no: khiav 7.8 km hauv 24 feeb, ua luam dej 1.5 km tsis pub ntev tshaj 25 feeb, ua luam dej 6.4 km hauv hiav txwv qhib nrog cov iav tag nrho - 120 txhua feeb, ua luam dej dawb rau 1.5 km hauv 31 feeb, khaws ntawm dej nrog txhais tes thiab ko taw khi, dhia 7 m tob yam tsis muaj lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tub rog tau raug xa mus tsis tu ncua rau kev qhia thiab kev qhia paub mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm SAS ntawm Great Britain, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog, thiab cov neeg dhia dej Australian. Cov neeg tua rog tau txais kev qhia nce toj hauv Fabkis, kev qhia sniper hauv Australia.
Kev cob qhia cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Malaysian Navy suav nrog kev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv hav zoov, suav nrog kev ua phem thiab kev ua tub rog, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov neeg tawm tsam. Ciaj sia nyob hauv hav zoov tom qab tsaws saum huab cua thiab tsim footholds hauv thaj chaw ntoo tseem tab tom kawm. Kev tsom xam tau muab tso rau hauv kev qhia ua haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov roj platform. Txoj hauv kev los ua tsov rog hauv cov nroog loj, kev khawb av thiab ua kom tawg, ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom tawg, kawm txog kev kho mob tub rog tau kawm. Kev mloog ntau yog them rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev, suav nrog kev kawm txuj ci ntaus nrig. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev qhia ua haujlwm yog ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua Malay ib txwm siv "silat" thiab Kauslim kev ntaus nrig, ua ntej tshaj plaws-"taekwondo". Txhua tus tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj kev qhia ua lwm yam lus - txhawm rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib txuas lus nrog cov tub rog ntawm pawg ntawm cov phooj ywg xeev.
Cov lus txib dav dav ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tau ua los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Royal Malaysia Navy. Tus thawj coj ncaj qha ntawm chav tsev yog Tus Lwm Thawj Admiral Dato Saifuddin bin Kamaruddin. Lub taub hau ntawm chav tsev yog Admiral Professor Dr. Haji Mohd Sutarji bin Kasmin. Tam sim no, PASKAL yog pab tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv tub rog, muaj pes tsawg tus qauv thiab cov qauv uas tau muab cais tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees qhov loj ntawm chav nyob kwv yees li 1,000 tus tub rog, uas tau muab faib ua ob chav - thawj chav nyob raws li Lumut puag hauv Perak xeev, thiab chav tsev thib ob nyob ntawm Sri Seporna puag hauv Sabah xeev. Tsis tas li, pab pawg PASKAL yog nyob ntawm Teluk Sepanggar - lub hauv paus tub rog hauv Sabah.
Cov tub rog suav nrog ntau tus tub rog, txhua tus suav nrog tsawg kawg plaub lub tuam txhab. Chav me tshaj - "nkoj tub rog" - suav nrog xya tus neeg tua rog. Txhua lub tuam txhab PASKAL suav nrog plaub platoons, tau teeb tsa zoo li American Green Berets. Platoon "Alpha" yog pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb siv los tawm tsam kev ua phem, kev cawm neeg. Platoon Bravo suav nrog pab pawg dhia dej thiab pab pawg tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm huab cua, uas nws cov haujlwm suav nrog nkag mus rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kom sau cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse. Platoon Charlie yog pab neeg txhawb nqa. Platoon Delta yog pab pawg sniper amphibious.
Hauv txhua qhov kev faib ntawm cov tub rog muaj cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, xaiv los ua cov haujlwm hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb. Raws li rau PASKAL riam phom, lawv txawm tshaj li pab tub rog thiab dav hlau tshwj xeeb hauv kev hais txog tus nqi thiab kev niaj hnub. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Malaysia cov tuam txhab roj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pab nyiaj txiag rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg nyiag khoom ntawm Malaysian roj lag luam tsis tseg nyiaj los yuav riam phom thiab them nyiaj rau kev qhia ntawm commandos tiv thaiv cov roj rigs. Lwm qhov nyiaj tau los yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tuam txhab thauj khoom. Ua tsaug rau cov peev nyiaj tshwj xeeb, Malaysian Navy cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lwm lub zog tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws - ob qho tib si ntawm caj npab me, thiab hais txog kev sib txuas lus thiab saib xyuas, dhia dej, thiab tsheb.
Tam sim no, PASKAL chav ua si yog ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev thauj khoom hauv Hiav Txwv Indian. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm tub rog Malaysia niaj hnub koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tub rog Somali. Yog li, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, 2008, PASKAL cov neeg tua rog tau koom nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Suav lub nkoj hauv Hiav Txwv Aden. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2009, PASKAL tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Somali pirates uas tau tawm tsam Indian lub nkoj thauj roj hauv Gulf of Aden. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2011, PASKAL thwarted kev sim los ntawm Somali pirates mus hijack lub tanker thauj khoom nrog tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom. Ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm los tswj kev nyab xeeb hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian, cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Malaysian Navy tau koom nrog hauv kev saib xyuas kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Afghanistan. Hauv xyoo 2013, chav sib ntaus sib tua tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Sab Qab Teb Philippines cov neeg ntxeev siab.
Saib xyuas txoj cai thiab kev txiav txim
Thaum kawg, Cov neeg lis haujlwm lij choj hauv tebchaws Malaysia muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK) - Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Malaysia. Cov keeb kwm ntawm tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb kuj tseem rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev sib cav thiab tsoomfwv. Xyoo 1969, nrog kev pab los ntawm British 22nd SAS, chav tshwj xeeb VAT 69 tau tsim - qhov kev cais me me uas xav tias yuav tawm tsam cov neeg koom tes ntawm Malaya Communist Party. Txog kev pabcuam hauv tub rog ntawm 1,600 tus tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, 60 tus neeg raug xaiv, uas tau pib kawm hauv chav kawm commando ntawm Askiv SAS. Tawm ntawm 60 qhov kev xaiv thawj tus neeg sib tw, tsuas yog peb caug tus tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem xeem dhau txhua qhov kev xeem thiab kev qhia thiab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm VAT 69.
Chav tsev tau pib ua haujlwm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1970, tom qab ua tiav kev qhia tawm tsam ntawm nws cov neeg sib ntaus. Tau ntev, qhov kev tawm tsam tau tawm tsam Cov Neeg Liberation Army ntawm Malaya, cov tub rog tsis muaj zog ntawm pawg Communist. Tsis tas li ntawd, tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb tau tawm tsam pab pawg neeg sib cav sib ceg ntawm "cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov" - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Senoi cov neeg uas nyob hauv hav zoov ntawm Malacca. Xyoo 1977, peb pawg tub rog tshiab ntawm tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb tau tsim, qhia los ntawm cov kws qhia los ntawm SAS New Zealand. Txog xyoo 1980, VAT 69 tau ua haujlwm puv ntoob nrog rau ob tus neeg sib ntaus thiab nws tus kheej lub chaw pabcuam.
Chav Tindakan Khas (UTK) tau tsim nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1, 1975. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam Nyij Pooj Red Army, uas nws cov neeg tawm tsam thaum Lub Yim Hli 5, 1975, tau kwv yees li 50 tus neeg raug ntes - cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Asmeskas lub tuam txhab consulate thiab Swedish tus thawj coj ua haujlwm. Chav tsev no tseem tau kawm hauv British CAC cov txheej txheem. Tsuas yog nees nkaum tawm ntawm ntau dua ib puas tus neeg sib tw raug xaiv los ua haujlwm nrog UTK. Lub Kaum Hli 20, 1997Royal Malaysia Tub Ceev Xwm tau raug teeb tsa tshiab. VAT 69 thiab UTK tau koom ua ke rau hauv Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK), tshaj tawm ncaj qha rau lub tebchaws tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus kws tshuaj xyuas tub ceev xwm. Tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb cov tub rog tau ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ua phem ua haujlwm nrog rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog, tawm tsam kev ua phem txhaum cai, tswj hwm kev cai lij choj thiab kev txiav txim (hauv Malaysia thiab nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov xeev txawv tebchaws - raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb), tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Malaysian thawj coj thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv qib siab.
Cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Malaysia tshwj xeeb yog cov xuab zeb thiab burgundy berets thiab lub cim - nkuaj nkuaj ntawm keeb kwm dub. Cov xim dub ntawm lub cim ntawm tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb yog lub cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis pub lwm tus paub, liab - siab tawv, daj - kev ncaj ncees rau huab tais Malaysia thiab lub tebchaws.
Tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb cov tub rog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Royal Malaysia Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Bukit Aman hauv Kuala Lumpur. Cov lus txib ncaj qha ntawm chav tsev yog siv los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Tebchaws thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Pej Xeem, uas tshaj tawm rau tus thawj coj hauv tsev nrog qib ntawm tus pab thawj coj loj thiab qib ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm chav haujlwm. Tom qab kev ua phem rau lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 2001 hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Malaysia tau pib tsom mus rau kev tawm tsam kev ua phem. Pawg tub ceev xwm me tau tsim cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb, txhua tus muaj 6-10 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Pawg neeg saib xyuas yog coj los ntawm tub ceev xwm tus kws tshuaj xyuas thiab suav nrog cov neeg tua phom, cov neeg caij nkoj, cov kws tshaj lij kev sib txuas lus thiab kws kho mob hauv chaw.
Ntxiv rau chav tshwj xeeb no, Royal Malaysia Tub Ceev Xwm suav nrog Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) - Pab Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2007 los ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ua phem hauv hiav txwv thiab tiv thaiv kev ua piracy. Chav tsev tau kawm nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab nyob hauv tebchaws Malaysia yog nyob hauv Kampung Aceh hauv xeev Perak thiab tau siv, feem ntau, txhawm rau tswj hwm txoj cai lij choj thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kalimantan - hauv Sabah thiab Sarawak.
Ntxiv rau Royal Malaysia Tub Ceev Xwm, ntau tus neeg Malaysia cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb thiab cov tub ceev xwm muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Malaysia muaj nws tus kheej lub zog tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog Trup Tindakan Cepat (TTC) - chav tshwj xeeb me uas tau ua haujlwm nrog tso cov neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj raug tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm kev ua phem hauv tsev lojcuj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau kawm tiav hauv hnub nyoog qis dua 35 xyoos, uas muaj peev xwm tiv nrog lub cev thiab lub siab lub ntsws, raug xaiv los ua haujlwm hauv chav no. Xyoo 2014, nws tus kheej faib, Grup Taktikal Khas (GTK), tau tsim nyob hauv Malaysia Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Neeg Xam Xaj Meskas. Nws cov haujlwm suav nrog kev tawm tsam kev tsiv tebchaws tsis raug cai. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Txoj Cai Lij Choj Hauv Xeev Malaysia muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb - Pasukan Tindakan Khas dan Penyelamat Maritim - Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb thiab Pab Pawg Pabcuam. Chav tsev no tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm haujlwm, tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias thiab kev ua phem phem hauv hiav txwv. Tsis tas li, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm yog xa cov khoom thauj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov nkoj Malaysia uas puas. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chav tshwj xeeb no cuam tshuam nrog kev koom tes ze nrog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm Malaysian Navy - ob qho tib si hauv kev daws teeb meem kev tawm tsam thiab hauv kev qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm.
