US Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) yog lub luag haujlwm tshaj plaws rau txhua lub zog tshwj xeeb uas yog koom nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog. Lub cev hais kom ua no npaj kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha thiab coj kev coj ua ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm pab tub rog tshwj xeeb cov tub rog. Nws yog pab tub rog ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas cov tub rog uas nyob deb tshaj plaws. Kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm US Army Special Operations Command tau kwv yees ntawm 33,800, ntawm uas 1,250 yog cov kws tshaj lij pej xeem.
75th Ranger Regiment, lossis yooj yim "Rangers"
75th Ranger Regiment yog chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb uas tau kawm tiav thiab tau kawm tiav. Qhov tseeb, nws yog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb paratrooper reconnaissance regiment ntawm US Army. Cov no yog cov tub rog me me tshwj xeeb uas muaj tsawg tus riam phom hnyav thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tau npaj rau kev tsaws los ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev muaj: parachute, helicopter, hiav txwv. Cov tub rog lub ntsiab lus: "Rangers mus tom ntej."
Cov tub rog suav nrog peb pab tub rog hauv dav hlau thiab ib pab tub rog sib cais (cais tawm) rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus tub rog caij dav hlau, suav nrog peb lub tuam txhab dav hlau thiab ib lub tuam txhab chaw haujlwm, yog 660 tus neeg. Tag nrho tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev yog kwv yees li ntawm 3,500 tus neeg. Ib qho ntawm cov tub rog rog ntawm 75th Ranger Regiment yeej ib txwm muaj kev ceeb toom siab thiab tuaj yeem xa mus ua tub txib nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb hauv 18 teev.
Nws tau ntseeg tias thawj lub xov tooj ntawm tes tshawb xyuas thaj chaw ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv av rau kev ua haujlwm tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab ("rangers") tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Tib lub sijhawm, ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, ib pab tub rog txawj ntse tau koom nrog Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog Kev Ywj Pheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov koog thiab subunits rau kev saib xyuas tob hauv Asmeskas cov tub rog tau ua tsuas yog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau koom nrog txhua qhov kev tsov rog loj thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam uas Tebchaws Meskas tau ua nyob thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj xyoo 1969, lub npe "Rangers" dhau mus rau 75th Airborne Regiment, uas, raws li ib feem ntawm 13 lub tuam txhab sib cais, tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tom qab thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev saib xyuas. Thaum kawg, txhua ntu ntawm "Rangers" tau coj los ua ib feem ntawm 75th Airborne Regiment thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1986.
Niaj hnub no, Rangers yog cov tub rog tua hluav taws tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas pab tub rog. Ntxiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav, kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem nyob tom qab kab yeeb ncuab thiab kev saib xyuas hauv kev txaus siab ntawm cov pab pawg nce qib hauv av, cov tub rog hauv pawg tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ncaj qha: ntes thiab tuav lub tshav dav hlau, ntes lossis rhuav tshem cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, zoo li kev ntes lossis tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qib siab los ntawm cov tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Txhua tus neeg sib tw hla cov txheej txheem kev qhia mus sij hawm ntev, uas suav nrog kev qhia tus kheej (lub cev thiab lub tswv yim) thiab kev coj ua ntawm kev hais kom ua raws li ib feem ntawm pab tub rog hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, ib puag ncig thiab huab cua: los ntawm kev txhim kho nroog mus rau daus ntawm Arctic lossis hav zoov tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.. Ib qho ntxiv, txhua qhov kev faib ntawm 75th cov tub rog muaj pab pawg mob siab rau tshem cov tsev, uas tau npaj tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm no.
Ntsuab berets
Tsoomfwv Meskas Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb tau paub zoo tias yog Green Berets. Nws yog chav xaiv, kawm tau zoo ntawm Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog Ua Haujlwm Hauv Nroog. Keeb kwm ntawm Green Berets hnub rov qab rau xyoo 1952. Thawj cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Pabcuam Tswv Yim (OSS), tsim thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, lub koom haum thiab kev qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov xyoo ntawd tau ua raws qhov kev paub ntawm Askiv Kev Pabcuam Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb (SAS). Qhov loj ntxiv ntawm tus lej "berets" tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1961 tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig Cuba. Tom qab ntawd Thawj Tswj Hwm John Fitzgerald Kennedy tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav no los ntawm 1,000 txog 2,500 tus neeg nrog tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tub rog thiab tiv thaiv tub rog.
Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, nws yog Kennedy uas tau siv dag zog ntau hauv kev tsim cov tub rog Asmeskas tshwj xeeb niaj hnub no. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb Hauv Tebchaws Meskas coj nws lub npe hnub no. Nws yog Asmeskas tus thawj tswj hwm uas tau pab xyuas kom Green Berets dhau los ua cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog hauv txhua qhov kev nkag siab. Ntxiv nrog rau qib siab ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev thiab kev tawm tsam, tau ua tib zoo mloog rau kev saib xyuas, kev kawm txog kev tawm dag zog, kev hais lus txawv teb chaws thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tebchaws uas muaj kev tshwj xeeb hauv kev cob qhia kev sib ntaus. Nws tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej uas nws tau nyob hauv chav ntawm "ntsuab berets" uas thawj qhov kev puas siab puas ntsws ua rog hauv Asmeskas pab tub rog tau tshwm sim, nkag siab thiab siv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev xav ntawm ntau haiv neeg hauv ntiaj teb kom ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj.
Tam sim no, Asmeskas pab tub rog suav nrog 5 pab pawg "ntsuab berets" (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th), ob pab pawg ntxiv (19th thiab 20th) tau siv ua ib feem ntawm National Guard pab tub rog. Kev koom tes, pab pawg yog lub teeb paratrooper cov tub rog ntawm plaub pawg tub rog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Green Berets: Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Kev Ua Phem. Spetsnaz pawg tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm ntiaj chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee tus ntawm lawv tau xa tawm sab nraud Tebchaws Meskas, piv txwv li, ib ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Airborne Regiment ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Cov Tub Rog tau nyob ntawm cov kob ntawm Okinawa, thiab ib qho ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 10th Parachute Regiment nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees hauv nroog Boeblingen. Battalions los ntawm 3rd, 5th thiab 7th regiments tau nquag koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv Afghanistan thiab Iraq.
Green Berets raug cob qhia kom koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb, thaum muaj kev sib cav hauv zej zog ntawm qib sib txawv ntawm kev siv thiab thaum ua tsov rog puv ntoob. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb no tuaj yeem koom nrog ncaj ncees hauv kev tawm tsam, koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam kev ua phem thiab kev lag luam yeeb tshuaj, ua tus saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, tshem tawm thaj av thiab koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm rau tib neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov koog yog npaj rau kev ua tsov rog tsis sib xws (txhawb nqa kev tawm tsam txawv teb chaws lossis tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw nyob), tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab koom nrog.
Green Berets tau tso tseg qhov cim loj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua zoo. Thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab ntawm tib lub npe tau tso tawm thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab tau ua los ntawm lub hnub qub Asmeskas Sab Hnub Poob - John Wayne. Tab sis nto moo tshaj plaws "ntsuab beret" los ntawm lub ntiaj teb xinesmas tuaj yeem hu ua John Rambo ua los ntawm Sylvester Stallone, uas tus hero tsis pom nws tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb yam tsis muaj kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li "ntsuab beret" yog Colonel Kurtz, uas Captain Willard tau nrhiav hauv hav zoov ntawm Cambodia hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Francis Ford Coppola "Apocalypse Now".
Kev tshem tawm "Delta"
Thawj chav haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb, Delta, qee zaum kuj raug hu ua thawj qhov kev tawm haujlwm lossis thawj qhov tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Ib lub npe ntau dua, tshwj xeeb yog ib qho uas tau nkag mus rau kab lis kev cai nrov, yog cov ntawv luv: "Delta" pawg. Nws nyob hauv lub npe no uas feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv Hollywood cov yeeb yaj kiab, ib qho yog ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab Delta Squad nrog niaj hnub meme hero Chuck Norris hauv lub luag haujlwm. Lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo, uas cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb "Delta" nyob tam sim no, yog daim duab "Fall of the Black Hawk."
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Detachment Delta" yog ua los ntawm kev tso cov neeg raug ntes los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb, "Delta", tau kawg, tuaj yeem koom nrog daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis qhov tseeb, hauv Asmeskas, qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm FBI thiab tub ceev xwm Asmeskas. Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv tus kheej tsis txwv rau kev cawm neeg pej xeem. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg "Delta": kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, kev ua tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog, kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, ua haujlwm zais cia thoob ntiaj teb. Chav tsev tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog kev tawm tsam, teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha: raids, ambushes, sabotage. Tsis tas li, chav sib ntaus tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam lub hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: tib neeg lossis cov peev txheej xav tau los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab hais kom ua tiav daws lawv cov haujlwm.
Delta Unit yog cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm nrog kev paub hauv lwm chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Hauv Cheeb Tsam, nrog rau 75th Ranger Regiment. Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov kev faib tawm yog kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 800-1000 tus neeg, thaum lub sijhawm pes tsawg ntawm cov kev faib faib tsis tau qhia tawm. Kwv yees li ntawm 300 leej ntawm lawv ntseeg tias tau kawm tiav hauv kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus thiab cawm neeg raug txhom, thaum seem yog cov neeg ua haujlwm txhawb nqa uas tsim nyog, ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv thaj chaw.
Cov koomhaum pabcuam ntawm pab tub rog tshwj xeeb
Ntxiv rau cov chav nyob saum toj no, 160th cov tub rog tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsav dav hlau thiab ntau lub chaw pabcuam tseem yog ib feem ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog tshwj xeeb. 160th cov tub rog tseem muaj pab tub rog ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb lub dav hlau tua phom thiab kev cob qhia tub rog ntawm cov tswj huab cua. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cais 528th Tshwj Xeeb Pabcuam Logistics Brigade, nrog rau lub chaw tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv John F. Kennedy ntawm Tub Rog Asmeskas. Lub chaw no koom nrog hauv kev npaj thiab cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb.
Peb qhov kev nthuav dav nthuav tawm tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog Asmeskas. Thawj ntawm cov no yog 95th Civil Affairs Brigade (Airborne). Cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog no muaj peev xwm hais lus yam tsawg ib ntawm 20 yam lus txawv tebchaws. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab kev pabcuam rau Asmeskas cov tub rog hais kom ua thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov pejxeem hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, ntxiv rau hauv kev ua tsov rog. Lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua haujlwm nrog cov pej xeem pej xeem thiab ua kom nws muaj kev ntseeg siab, suav nrog los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab tom qab daws teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov pej xeem pej xeem (thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev lossis ua tub rog).
Tsis tas li, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb suav nrog pawg thib 4 thiab 8 kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, txhua tus suav nrog ntau pawg tub rog. Pawg 4 tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1967 ntawm qhov siab ntawm Tsov Rog Nyab Laj.
Ob lub chaw haujlwm ua haujlwm puas siab ntsws muab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb rau kev ua tub rog txuas ntxiv, muab kev txhawb nqa rau tsoomfwv thiab tub rog. Kev faib khoom tsim tawm thiab faib cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm txhawm rau xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib txawv teb chaws hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo rau Tebchaws Meskas. Ntxiv rau ntau hom kev tshaj tawm, chav sib koom nrog muab cov chav sib ntaus nrog cov kws tshaj lij nrog kev paub txog hom lus txawv teb chaws, kev lis kev cai thiab ntau ntxiv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zej zog, nrog rau kev npaj tshuaj xyuas, siv thiab ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txawj ntse.
