Thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Moltke tab tom raug tsim thiab tso rau hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, kev hloov pauv kev tsav nkoj tom ntej tau npaj hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas yog hloov mus rau 13.5 nti (343 mm) phom. Tsis muaj kev poob siab, qhov no yog cov kauj ruam loj heev rau tom ntej, qhib lub sijhawm superdreadnoughts rau ntiaj teb. Tab sis muaj qhov laj thawj xav tias, tsis zoo li Dreadnought, qhov xwm txheej no tau hloov pauv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "yuav tsis muaj kev zoo siab, tab sis hmoov tsis zoo tau pab."
Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua cov cuab yeej hauv ntiaj teb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Russia tau siv txoj hauv kev "sib khi lub tog raj kheej", thaum cov phom phom tau sib sau los ntawm ntau lub thooj voos kheej kheej uas tau sib dhos tau zoo heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Askiv, hauv txoj kev qub, siv "xaim" thev naus laus zis. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog tias tau siv cov yeeb nkab sab hauv, ob peb txheej txheej ntawm lub zog loj ntsuas cov hlau hlau tau raug mob nyob ib puag ncig nws, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau lwm lub yeeb nkab thiab lub tog raj kheej kheej kheej rau saum. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov kab ke no yog tias lub cuab yeej tsis kim rau kev tsim khoom, vim tias cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua tuaj yeem siv rau cov raj sab nrauv thiab cov casings. Tab sis qhov "xaim" system kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo: piv txwv li, rab phom Askiv hnyav dua. Cov phom British 305 mm / 50 Mark XI muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 67 770 kg, thiab qhov hnyav dua 305 mm / 45 Mark X - 58 626 kg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog German ntau dua 305 mm / 50 SK L / 50 hnyav 51 850 kg, Lavxias 305 mm / 52 lub tshuab siv rab phom loj - 50 700 kg.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hnyav nce tsis yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm "hlau" cov phom loj. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias, xws li B. V. Kozlov, V. L. Kofman, nco ntsoov qhov qis qis qis zog ntawm cov phom zoo li no, uas ua rau cov thooj av thim thiab kev co thaum raug rho tawm, uas ua rau cov tawg tawg ntau ntxiv. Thaj, qhov teeb meem no tau siv tsis tau tshwm sim (txawm hais tias … nws tsis yog vim li cas thiaj li raug rho tawm ntawm British kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab sib ntaus sib tua cruisers nrog 305-mm phom ntawm qhov deb poob?) Hauv qhov luv-barreled 40-45-caliber cov tshuab siv rab phom loj, tab sis nws tau dhau los ua qhov pom tau ntev nrog rab phom hla 45 calibers.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, O. Chaw Ua Si sau tseg tias 305 mm / 50 Mark XI tsis raug dua piv rau rab phom 343 mm, tab sis tsis piav qhia meej txog qhov laj thawj. Tab sis rab phom loj-muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo tshaj qhov raug dua ib qho me me vim yog lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau dua ntawm qhov projectile, uas, vim qhov no, muaj tsawg dua kev sib faib ntawm tib qhov deb. Yog li, O. Chaw Ua Si tsis lees paub, tab sis tsis thim rov qab rau peb cov kws sau ntawv ib yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm lawv qhov kev xam pom tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb tias tom qab 305-mm / 50 Mark XI, cov neeg Askiv tsis tau tsim cov phom loj loj tshaj 45 caliber ntev.
Raws li, tus sau ntawm kab lus no qhia tias keeb kwm ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm superdreadnoughts zoo li qhov no. Tsis ntev tom qab Tsov Rog-Japanese Tsov Rog, vim qhov nce zuj zus ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau (uas yog tej zaum tseem ceeb dua) thaj tsam ntawm kev tua hluav taws, cov nkoj ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb pib xav tias xav tau kev muaj zog dua artillery systems dua li lawv tau ua ntej. Ntau lub tebchaws tau siv txoj hauv kev los tsim kom muaj zog ntau dua 280-305-mm cov phom loj nrog cov phom ntev ntxiv-Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Asmeskas, Russia tau nce qhov ntev ntawm lawv cov phom mus rau 50 calibers. Askiv kuj tau sim ua zoo ib yam, txais yuav 305 mm / 50 Mark XI, tab sis nws tsis ua tiav zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rov qab mus rau 45-caliber 305-mm phom yuav txhob txwm muab Great Britain rau hauv txoj hauj lwm lag luam. Tsis muaj peev xwm tsim rab phom ntev ntev, Tebchaws Askiv tsuas tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov no los ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phom-thiab qhov no yog li cas 343-mm / 45 lub foob pob hluav taws tau tshwm sim.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis hais txog qhov laj thawj twg uas ua rau cov neeg Askiv hloov mus rau 343-mm lub peev xwm, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias qhov kev siv phom loj no tau zoo dua hauv kev tua hluav taws mus rau 305-mm riam phom hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas? Ntawm no, alas, txhua yam nyuaj heev.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, rab phom Askiv 343-mm / 45 tau nruab nrog lub npe hu ua "lub teeb" thiab "hnyav", qhov qub tau hnyav 567 kg (txawm hais tias 574.5 kg tseem muaj nyob hauv tib txoj kab), tom kawg yog 635 kg. Ob leeg "lub teeb" thiab "hnyav" kab ntawm cov plhaub suav nrog cov cuab yeej ua kom tawg, ib nrab cov cuab yeej-tho thiab cov foob pob tawg loj. Tab sis vim li cas cov neeg Askiv xav tau los qhia qhov "tsis sib xws"?
Raws li tus neeg sau tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov no, nws zoo li no. Thaum xub thawj, rab phom 343-mm / 45 Mark V tau tsim nrog 567 kg projectile txhua, thiab nws yog nrog cov projectiles uas thawj superdreadnoughts ntawm Orion series thiab Lion tsov rog cruiser tau nruab. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua 635 kg projectiles tau tsim rau 13.5-nti phom-peb pom qee yam zoo sib xws hauv kev txhim kho 305-mm / 52 rab phom hauv tsev, uas yog xub tsim los rau qhov hnyav 331.7 kg projectile, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau saws rau phom hnyav 470, 9 kg "lub thawv rau khaub ncaws".
Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub sijhawm Askiv tab tom yuav hloov mus rau 635 kg zoo li, ua haujlwm ntawm Orions thiab Lyon tau nyob rau theem ntawd uas nws tau txiav txim siab tsis tsim nyog rov ua lawv cov tswv yim pub mis. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tau hloov pauv tias 343-mm cannons ntawm Orions thiab Lyons, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tuaj yeem tua 635 kg ntawm lub plhaub, tab sis lawv cov khoom siv rau phom tsis tuaj yeem tig lawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, pib nrog King George V thiab Princess Royal, tau txais 635 kg ntawm lub plhaub, thaum Orions thiab Lyon yuav tsum txaus siab nrog 567 kg. Tib lub sijhawm, thaum tom qab Tsov Rog Jutland nws tau pom meej tias muaj qee yam tsis raug nrog cov cuab yeej siv phom hauv tebchaws Askiv, Askiv tau tsim cov mos txwv Greenboy tshiab, uas hnyav 574.5 kg rau Orion thiab Lyon thiab 639, 6 kg rau tom ntej superdreadnoughts riam phom nrog rab phom 343 mm.
Tab sis nrog qhov pib ua ntej Askiv 13.5-nti phom raug rho tawm, tus sau ntawm kab lus no tsis xam nws tawm.
Lub 899 m / sec thiab 863 m / sec tau hais hauv qee qhov kev tshaj tawm rau "lub teeb" thiab "hnyav" lub plhaub yog txhob txwm ua yuam kev. Qhov no yog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 343-mm British txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau phom, tab sis tsis yog cov tub rog. O. Chaw Ua Si (thiab ntau lub cim tom qab nws) qhia 823 m / s rau "lub teeb" thiab rau "hnyav" lub plhaub, tab sis qhov no feem ntau yuav tsis raug.
Nws paub zoo tias nrog tus nqi sib npaug, qhov hnyav dua yuav muaj lub qhov ncauj tawm qhov nrawm, thiab qhov ntawd kom sib npaug qhov muzzle nrawm nrog qhov sib zog, nws yuav xav tau hmoov ntau dua. Hauv qhov no, tau kawg, kev nce siab yuav txo cov peev txheej ntawm lub thoob. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau lub plhaub hnyav yog nrog qee qhov poob qis hauv nws qhov nrawm, tab sis O. Chaw Ua Si hais tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Tab sis ntawm no peb tau ntsib nrog qhov txawv txawv: raws li O. Chaw Ua Si, tus nqi rau 635 kg ntawm qhov projectile tsuas yog hnyav 1.8 kg (132.9 kg rau "lub teeb" thiab 134.7 kg rau "hnyav" lub plhaub). Cov lus nug tshwm sim, puas tuaj yeem them nqi, nrog qhov nce ntawm cov phom phom tsawg dua 1, 4%, xa mus rau hauv davhlau nrog tib lub sijhawm pib lub plhaub uas yuav luag 12% hnyav dua? Qhov no zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg.
Tej zaum qhov pib ceev ntawm 823 m / s muaj "lub teeb", 567 kg projectile, thiab "hnyav" ib qho me ntsis qis dua, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. V. B. Muzhenikov qhia 788 thiab 760 m / s, feem. Encyclopedia hluav taws xob nrov navweaps.com muab thawj zaug ceev ntawm 787 m / s rau 567 kg ntawm qhov projectile thiab 759 m / s rau 635 kg, tab sis, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj kev txuas mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab tsis muaj qhov txuas uas tsim nyog, nws tseem zoo dua tsis siv navweaps.com cov ntaub ntawv, txij li phau ntawv qhia kev noj qab haus huv no muaj cov lej yuam kev txaus, thiab tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tab sis txawm hais tias peb siv qis tshaj ntawm txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm saum toj saud (787 m / s rau qhov projectile "lub teeb"), hauv qhov no, 567 kg ntawm cov mos txwv, tawm hauv rab phom, muaj lub zog siv zog uas yog kwv yees li 20% siab dua tshaj li ntawm German 305-mm / 50 cov cuab yeej. Tab sis ntxiv rau lub zog, lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, thiab ntawm no 343-mm projectile kuj tseem muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua. Ib rab phom-tho 305-mm German projectile tau nruab nrog 11, 5 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, qhov tawg loj-26, 4 kg. Cov tub rog Askiv "lub teeb" cov cuab yeej tho qhov projection pib muaj 18.1 kg, thiab "hnyav" ib qho - 20.2 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg, tab sis ntawm no cov lus nug ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib piv tshwm sim, vim tias, raws li koj paub, British plhaub, thaum tsoo tuab daim hlau tiv thaiv daim hlau (uas, txawm li cas los xij, lawv, hauv txoj kev xav, yuav tsum tau tho) muaj qhov nyiam mus rau lub foob pob lossis puas tsuaj ua ntej, lossis thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm cov phaj phom. Tab sis cov foob pob tawg puv phom "Greenboy", uas zoo tau zoo ib yam nrog cov mos txwv German rau tib lub hom phiaj, muaj cov ntsiab lus qis me ntsis ntawm cov khoom tawg-13, 4 thiab 15 kg, feem. Yog li, lawv tau tshaj German 305-mm projectiles hauv cov ntsiab lus tawg los ntawm 16, 5-30, 55%, thiab qhov no, tau kawg, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Raws li rau lub foob pob tawg loj, ntawm no qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Askiv 343-mm "lub thawv rau khaub ncaws" yooj yim dhau-thiab "lub teeb" thiab "hnyav" "av mines" nqa 80, 1 kg ntawm liddite, uas yog ntau dua peb lub sijhawm (!) Siab dua li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov foob pob ntawm German 305 -mm projectile. Yog lawm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov neeg German, feem ntau, tsis tau yog tus thawj coj hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv cov mos txwv ntawm hom no, tab sis txawm tias muaj zog heev hauv tebchaws Russia muaj zog heev 470.9 kg projectile muaj qhov siab tshaj ntawm 61.5 kg ntawm cov khoom tawg.
Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov neeg Askiv tau tsim riam phom muaj zog heev, hais txog nws cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo dua li 280-305-mm rab phom loj hauv ntiaj teb thiab yog thawj tus uas ua lawv lub nkoj nrog cov phom zoo li no: suav nrog tshiab, tiam thib sib ntaus sib tua cruiser, "Tsov".
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias "Tsov ntxhuav" feem ntau tau dhau los ua ntau lub kiv puag ncig lub nkoj, thiab tsis yog vim tias muab cov phom hnyav 343-mm rau nws. Qhov tseeb yog tias txog thaum tsis ntev los no, ntau lub tswv yim ntawm British Admiralty tsis pom kev ua hauv hlau vim xav tau kev txuag nyiaj. Tab sis los ntawm 1909, cov xwm txheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas lawv yuam tsoomfwv Askiv kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev khaws nyiaj.
Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, Askiv tau hais meej hauv kev coj ua hauv kev tsim kho cov chav kawm tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas txiav txim siab txog lub zog tub rog ntawm lub xeev, xws li dreadnoughts thiab sib ntaus sib tua cruisers. "Dreadnought", peb lub nkoj ntawm "Bellerophon" chav kawm, tom qab ntawd - peb dreadnoughts ntawm "St. Vincent" chav kawm thiab ntxiv rau lawv - peb sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm "Invincible" chav kawm, thiab tag nrho - kaum lub nkoj loj, uas Lub teb chaws Yelemees tawm tsam ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog - plaub lub nkoj ntawm Nassau chav kawm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Von der Tann (tau kawg, peb yuav tsis coj Blucher rau hauv tus as khauj hauv cov npe no). Hauv lwm lo lus, txog 1908 Great Britain tau tso cov nkoj loj hauv ob rau ib qho kom zoo dua nws cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv, thiab Foggy Albion tso cai rau nws so - raws li 1908 txoj haujlwm, tsuas yog ob lub nkoj loj tau tso, kev sib ntaus sib tua Neptune thiab sib ntaus sib tua cruiser Indefatigable.
Tab sis lub teb chaws Yelemees tau qhia tias nws muaj peev xwm "siv lub zog qeeb, tab sis tsav tsheb nrawm" thiab, raws li txoj haujlwm zoo ib yam, xyoo 1908 tau tso plaub lub nkoj loj - peb qhov kev txaus ntshai ntawm chav kawm "Helgoland" thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser "Moltke". Cov phiaj xwm Askiv ntawm xyoo tom ntej, 1909, xav tias tso peb qho ntxiv dreadnoughts thiab ib lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis cov neeg German tau npaj los teb zoo ib yam li daim iav, nrog tib tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab nkoj sib ntaus sib tua.
Txhua yam no zoo siab heev rau tebchaws Askiv - txog tam sim no, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov nkoj loj tau hloov pauv mus rau 16 tawm tsam 13, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis haum rau "Poj Niam ntawm Seas" txhua. Ib qho ntxiv, hauv tebchaws Askiv lawv ntseeg tias txhua yam tau mus rau kev ua rog thiab yog li ntawd tau ua "tus tub rog txav mus": lawv tau muab ob npaug rau xyoo 1909 txoj haujlwm, nrhiav nyiaj txiag rau 6 dreadnoughts thiab ob lub nkoj sib ntaus, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv tshem tawm kev txwv nyiaj txiag ntawm cov phiaj xwm tshiab ntawm cov nkoj loj. Hauv lwm lo lus, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tw dreadnought, cov neeg qhuas thiab tus tsim qauv ntawm Great Britain tsis tuaj yeem saib rov qab rau tsoomfwv cov nyiaj txiag thaum tsim cov nkoj tshiab (hauv qhov txwv tsim nyog, tau kawg).
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Orion -class superdreadnoughts tau dhau los ua 2,500 tons loj dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hom qub dhau los Colossus thiab Hercules (txawm hais tias, tej zaum, ntawm no O. Chaw Ua Si siv cov txheej txheem "sib sau ua ke") thiab qhov sib txawv me ntsis - 2,275 tons), tab sis, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov dhia loj heev rau yav tom ntej - ua ntej ntawd, kev nce qib hauv kev xa mus los ntawm Askiv "peev" nkoj los ntawm koob mus rau series tau hloov pauv ntau dua.
Tab sis Lyon … nws tsoo txhua cov ntaub ntawv xav txog. Qhov kev hloov chaw tiag tiag ntawm "Indefatigebla" yog 18,470 tons, thiab tshiab tshaj plaws Askiv sib ntaus sib tua cruiser nrog 343-mm rab phom muaj 26,600 tons, uas yog, qhov nce ntawm kev txav chaw yog 8,130 tons! Yog tias peb sib piv qhov kev hloov chaw txav chaw ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj (18,750 thiab 26,350 tons, feem), tom qab ntawd qhov sib txawv yuav tsawg dua, tab sis nws tseem hnyav dua - 7,600 tons. cov cruisers no (hauv kab zauv - qhov hnyav "Indefatigebla"):
Khoom siv - 760 (680) tons;
Artillery - 3 260 (2 580) tons;
Cov tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem - 5,840 (3,655) tons;
Kev siv roj ib txwm - 1,000 (1,000) tons;
Armor - 5,930 (3,735) tons;
Hull - 9,460 (7,000) tons;
Cov khoom xa tawm - 100 (100) t;
Tag nrho, kev tshem tawm ib txwm - 26 350 (18 750) tons.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog lub zog fais fab (59, 8%), ua raws thiab yuav luag sib npaug rau nws cov cuab yeej ua rog (58, 8%), lub nkoj - 35, 1%, phom loj - tsuas yog 26, 4%. Qhov nce me me hauv cov khoom siv (tsawg dua 12%), tab sis nws, qhov tseeb, tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi - qhov sib txawv tsuas yog 80 tons.
Kev ua tub rog
Peb twb tau hais ntau txog lub roj teeb tseem ceeb ntawm peb tiam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab peb yuav tsis rov ua peb tus kheej. Peb tsuas yuav hais txog yim rab phom 343 -mm tau nyob hauv lub dav hlau nruab nrab, tab sis tau nce qib - tsuas yog ob lub hneev taub, thiab qhov thib peb nyob nruab nrab ntawm chav cav. Raws li qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm kev tua phom "Tsov" yog raws li hauv qab no (ntawm ib sab): 0-30 deg (qhov xoom yog txoj cai raws lub nkoj)-4 phom, 30-150 deg. - 8 rab phom, 150-180 degrees - 2 rab phom.
Ua ntej tsov rog, cov mos txwv thaum muaj xwm txheej yog 80 phom. ntawm rab phom thiab suav nrog 24 rab riam phom, 28 rab phom ib nrab phom, 28 lub foob pob tawg loj thiab 6 lub foob pob tawg. Hauv lub sijhawm ua rog, cov mos txwv nce mus rau 110 lub foob pob, suav nrog 66 rab phom-phom, 22 lub foob pob ib rab phom thiab 22 lub foob pob tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab Tsov Rog Ntawm Jutland, tus naj npawb ntawm cov foob pob tawg tau pom zoo ua ntej kom txo qis mus rau 10 thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm tag nrho, tawm 55 cov cuab yeej-tho thiab 55 lub phom ib nrab phom. Qhov kawg version, tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Greenboy"-77 riam phom-tho thiab 33 lub tsho tiv thaiv ib nrab phom.
Cov phom me me suav nrog 16 102-mm / 50 Mark VII rab phom, tua 14, 06 kg phom nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 873 m / s. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom loj ntawm lub nkoj, yim tus hauv hneev thiab lub hauv siab. Cov neeg Askiv lawv tus kheej tau txiav txim siab qhov kev npaj ua kom muaj kev vam meej, vim tias cov tsev loj muaj cov duab uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tua los ntawm 6 rab phom hauv hneev, 4 hauv qab thiab 8 ntawm ib sab. Cov mos txwv yog 150 phom rau ib rab phom (raws li qee qhov chaw, hauv kev ua tsov ua rog nws tau nce mus rau 200).
Ib qho ntxiv, plaub rab phom 47-mm tau raug teeb tsa ntawm Lyon thaum tsim kho. Cov cuab yeej siv torpedo tsis txawv ntawm qhov ntawm "Indefatigeble" thiab suav nrog ob lub tsheb 533-hli hauv qab dej nyob ntawm ib sab mus rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm barbet ntawm hneev turret ntawm lub zog loj (thawj). Cov mos txwv muaj 14 torpedoes.
Fais fab nroj tsuag
Feem ntau, thaum tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nkoj, peb xub xav txog cov cuab yeej ua rog, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd - kev tsav tsheb, tab sis hnub no peb yuav ua qhov tshwj xeeb, txij li txhawm rau nkag siab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Tsov rog lub tsho tiv no, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub tshuab fais fab.
Ua ntej Lyon, tus txheej txheem nrawm ntawm cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem txiav txim siab 25-25.5 pob, tab sis lub nkoj tshiab tshaj plaws tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj loj dua - nws yuav tsum txhim kho 27 pob (nrog rau kev txav chaw ib txwm muaj, tau kawg). Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub nkoj ntawm ntau dua 26 txhiab tons yuav tsum muaj lub zog muaj zog loj ntawm 70,000 hp. - Nco qab tias lub zog ntsuas ntawm lub cav tsis tuaj yeem yog "tsuas yog" 43,000 hp, uas yog, yuav tsum tau nce ntawm 62.8%.
Tau kawg, nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom "tsoo" cov cav tov thiab lub rhaub dej ntawm lub zog zoo sib xws rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm "Indefatigable". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Lyon lub hull tig los ua qhov loj dua - nws yog 33.6 m ntev dua li Indefatigeble, 2.6 m dav dua, thiab daim phiaj los ntawm 45 cm.
Kev sim nrawm ntawm Tsov tau ua nyob rau hauv huab cua nyuaj, uas yog tej zaum vim li cas qhov kev xav tau tsis ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm 8 teev, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser tau tsim qhov nrawm nruab nrab ntawm 27 pob, tab sis nrog me ntsis ntau dua qhov ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov tshuab - 73,800 hp. Tib lub sijhawm, Ntxhais fuabtais Royal ntawm tib hom nrog 78,600 hp. tsim qhov nruab nrab nrawm ntawm 28, 5 pob, thiab "Poj huab tais Mary" ntawm 78,700 hp. - 28 pob, yog li nws muaj peev xwm xav tias yog tias tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua tsis zoo, tom qab ntawv cog lus rau kev nrawm "Tsov" yuav tau ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, Admiralty tseem tsis txaus siab rau qhov tshwm sim: pom tseeb, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm thawj kab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers, uas tau mus txog qhov nrawm dua 27 lub pob tw thaum yuam cov tshuab, tsis pub tsawg dua 29 pob tau xav los ntawm Lion-class ships.
Kev siv roj ib txwm yog 1,000 tons, tag nrho yog 3,500 tons ntawm cov thee thiab 1,135 tons roj. Kev caij nkoj tau qhia ntawm 4,935 mais ntawm 16.75 pob thiab 5,610 mais ntawm 10 pob.
Kev tshwj tseg
Tsis ntseeg, cov neeg qhuas British thiab cov tsim qauv tau them siab tshaj rau cov cuab yeej ntawm hom tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruisers - qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm yuav luag 60% hauv kev sib piv nrog txoj haujlwm yav dhau los. Lawv, tsis muaj kev ntseeg, tswj hwm txhawm rau txhim kho qee yam, tab sis ntawm no, los ntawm qhov loj, tus scythe pom ntawm lub pob zeb - qhov tseeb yog qhov kev hloov chaw ntxiv uas tuaj yeem faib rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem "khaws" nrog kev loj hlob ntawm geometrical qhov ntev ntawm qhov uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv - thiab siab dua txhua qhov citadels.
Raws li koj paub, lub nroog tom qab ua tiav nws lub luag haujlwm yog tias nws tiv thaiv tsis tsuas yog lub cav thiab chav rhaub dej, tab sis tseem npog cov kav dej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus yees loj, tab sis qhov kev ncua deb no rau cov tub rog Askiv sib ntaus sib tua loj hlob los ntawm qhov haujlwm mus rau qhov project. Qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Invincible yog 91 m, tab sis hauv Txoj Haujlwm Tsis Txaus Siab, vim xav tau qhov chaw hla tus yees hla mus ze rau qhov kawg, nws twb 112 m lawm. ntawm 343-mm rab phom tau dav dua 305-mm, tab sis qhov no yuav tsis ua rau muaj qhov loj ntxiv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub nroog. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev xav tau nce nws yog qhov loj heev ntawm lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem, uas xav tau kom nce qhov ntev ntawm lub cav thiab chav boiler. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm tus Tsov tus Tsov tus yees kawg yog 128.4 m, ntsig txog, qhov ntev ntawm lub nroog (txhawm rau siv txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kom npog sab hauv lub barbets ntawm hneev thiab lub tsev siab). yam 137m! Thiab qhov no yog qhov ntev heev rau cov nkoj ntawm cov xyoo ntawd.
Tsov thaum kawg tau txais txoj hlua khi 229 hli uas cov neeg tsav nkoj Askiv xav pom ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Nws siab heev (3.5 m) thiab ntev (116 m), tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tsuas yog npog lub cav thiab chav boiler ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser - kom "ncab" nws mus rau lwm 21 meters kom nws tiv thaiv cov kav xa dej thiab cov phom loj ntawm ob lub hneev thiab lub taub hau hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus loj, cov kws tsim qauv Askiv tsis tuaj yeem ua.
Los ntawm 229 hli ntawm txoj siv sia ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ob sab tau tiv thaiv los ntawm daim hlau thaiv daim hlau ntawm qhov siab tib yam, 3.5 m, tab sis nws cov tuab tau maj mam txo. Thoob plaws thawj 14 m (los ntawm lub log pem hauv ntej, npog cov kav dej ntawm lub pej thuam thib ob thiab mus txog rau qhov barbette ntawm thawj tus pej thuam ntawm lub hauv paus loj), nws cov tuab yog 152 hli, tom qab ntawd dhau 8, 5 m tom ntej, tawm tsam qhov barbet ntawm thawj tus pej thuam - 127 mm thiab ntxiv mus, hla 26 m - 102 mm. Txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tsis tau ncav cuag lub qia ntawm 15.2 m, thiab qhov twg nws xaus, txoj kev taug nrog lub tuab ntawm 102 hli tau teeb tsa.
Hauv qab ntawm 229 hli txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob mus thawj 127 hli, thiab tom qab ntawd 102 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau, lawv tau tiv thaiv lwm 11, 3 m ntawm ib sab rov qab rau tom ntej ntawm tus pej thuam loj. Ntawm qhov no, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tau zoo ib yam 102 mm hla ib yam li hauv lub qhov ntswg, seem 22, 3 m sab mus rau ntawm lub qhov rooj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv. Yog li, tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm txoj siv sia tiv thaiv tau zoo heev 175.8 m, txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv tus pej thuam hneev taw txoj siv sia muaj tuab li 127 hli, qhov thib ob - 152 mm, thiab plaub - 102-127 mm.
Tsis zoo li Invincible thiab Tsis Yooj Yim, Lyon txoj kev tiv thaiv ntsug tsis txwv rau txoj siv txoj hlua loj - txoj siv hlua caj npab sab saud ntawm tib qhov ntev tau nyob saum nws. Nws tiv thaiv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus loj thiab sab saud thiab yog cov tuab tuab sib txawv. Saum toj no 229 hli ntu ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia loj, daim hlau daim hlau ntawm txoj siv sia sab saud muaj qhov tuab 152 hli, siab dua ntu ntu 152-127 mm hauv lub qhov ntswg - 127 mm thiab ntxiv mus, saum 102 mm ntu - ib 102mm. Hauv qab tawv, tuab ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua khi sab saud ua ke nrog lub hauv paus - 127-102 mm. Ib yam li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, txoj siv sia tiv thaiv sab saud tau npog nrog txoj kab uas hla 102 hli hla hauv hneev thiab hauv siab.
Deck booking yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Txhawm rau pib nrog, cia saib lub lawj ntawm Tsov Ntxhuav - lub lawj saum toj kawg nkaus yog kev kwv yees, uas, txawm tias nws ntev npaum li cas, tseem tsis tau mus txog ntawm lub nkoj siab. Lub lawj tom ntej yog ib sab saud, nws nthuav tawm los ntawm cov qia raws ntug sab saud ntawm txoj siv hlua khi sab saud. Ib qho chaw sib tshuam hauv qab no (nrog rau sab qis ntawm sab saud thiab raws ntug ntug ntawm txoj siv txoj siv sia loj) yog lub lawj tseem ceeb, uas tseem yog lub tsho tiv thaiv. Thiab, thaum kawg, lub lawj qis tau nyob ntawm qib qis ntawm ntug ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua loj.
Raws li cov lus piav qhia uas twb muaj lawm thiab qhov txawv me ntsis, qhov kev kwv yees tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua rog, tab sis nyob hauv qhov chaw me me nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov pa taws thiab tus pej thuam thib peb ntawm lub hauv paus loj, cov qauv hlau tau tuab txog 38 hli. Lub lawj siab dua tom ntej hauv qab nws, tsis pub dhau 175.8 m ntawm txoj siv sia, muaj tuab ntawm 25.4 hli. Lub lawj tseem ceeb hauv lub nroog tau muaj bevels, mus rau sab qis ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua loj, tab sis, tsis zoo li Invincible thiab Indefatigebla, nws cov tuab nyob hauv kab rov tav thiab ntawm bevels yog tib yam - 25.4 hli. Lub lawj qis hauv lub nroog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, tab sis sab nraum nws tau npog nrog 64.5 hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau.
Oddly txaus, tab sis tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm "Invincible" thiab "Inflexible" nrog lawv li 38 mm armored lawj hauv kab rov tav thiab 50 mm bevels, kab rov tav ntawm "Tsov" zoo li ib kauj ruam rov qab. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau muab cov lus piav qhia rau qhov no, tab sis peb yuav sim. Feem ntau yuav tshwm sim, qhov thib ob, txoj siv hlua khi sab saud ua lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj zog. "Invincible" thiab "Indefatigable" tsis muaj ib qho, thiab lub plhaub tsoo rau sab nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus loj thiab sab saud, uas yog, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txoj siv sia 152 hli, tsuas yog lub tsho tiv thaiv qis dua yuav ntsib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub foob pob tsoo tib qhov chaw ntawm "Tsov" yuav tsum kov yeej txoj siv sia 102-152 hli thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tsoo lub nkoj lub tsho tiv thaiv.
Lub foob pob hluav taws roj teeb loj tau tiv thaiv zoo dua li ntawm lub nkoj qub dhau los. Ntawm cov ntawd, 178 m ntawm daim hlau thaiv cov cuab yeej txiav txim siab ua yeeb yam, tab sis lub hauv pliaj thiab ob sab ntawm Tsov tus yees tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 229 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, lub ru tsev muaj 82-108 mm, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau sab nraub qaum bevels - 64 hli. Tab sis nrog barbets nws nyuaj me ntsis.
Peb tus yees (tshwj tsis yog lub hauv siab) tau nce siab tshaj qhov kev kwv yees thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej zoo li no - barbet los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam mus rau huab cua yog 229 hli, los ntawm huab cua mus rau lub lawj sab saud - 203 hli thiab los ntawm sab saud mus rau lub ntsiab qhov siab - 76 mm. Yog li, saum qhov kev kwv yees, cov yeeb ncuab tau tawm tsam los ntawm 229 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, los ntawm kev kwv yees mus rau lub lawj sab saud - 203 mm barbet thiab 25.4 mm (tsis muaj tub rog) sab plating, thiab txawm tias qis dua, los ntawm sab saud mus rau lub lawj loj - 102-152 mm daim hlau ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua khi sab saud thiab 76 mm barbet. Tab sis barbet ntawm plaub, tom qab turret ntawm 343-mm phom txawv ntawm lwm tus. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub pej thuam no nws tus kheej tsis nyob ntawm qhov kev kwv yees, tab sis ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov lawj hauv qab, uas yog, ntawm lub lawj sab saud. Raws li, barbet los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam mus rau lub lawj sab saud muaj qhov tuab ntawm 229 hli, thiab hauv qab no, nruab nrab ntawm lub lawj qaum thiab lub ntsiab, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv sib txawv los ntawm 76 txog 102 hli (kom deb li deb uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab, 76 hli) - hauv thaj tsam ntawm 127 hli sab daim hlau thaiv, 102 hli - hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 102 hli txoj siv sia tiv thaiv kab mob). Ntawm daim ntawv, kev tiv thaiv zoo li zoo kawg nkaus.
Raws li rau qhov tiv thaiv kuv lub peev xwm, raws li koj tuaj yeem nkag siab lawv cov peev txheej, nws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cuab yeej, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 102-hli / 50 kev teeb tsa tau txais cov ntaub thaiv npog npog (tejzaum tsuas yog nyob hauv hneev superstructure), thiab tom qab ntawd, raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, cov phom nyob hauv hneev nti superstructure tau txais qee qhov zoo li ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (tej zaum cov phab ntsa tau txhawb nqa nrog cov phom phom uas muab kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo)
Cov pej thuam sib dhos yog lub ntsej muag thiab muaj 254 hli pem hauv ntej thiab sab sab, thiab 178 hli phab ntsa rau ntawm lub hauv siab. Lub ru tsev tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 76 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, hauv pem teb - 102 hli. Qhov chaw tswj hluav taws (nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub rooj sib txoos) muaj 76 hli tiv thaiv tej cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Cov pej thuam sib txuas rau kev tswj hluav taws tua hluav taws, nyob hauv qab lub tsev loj, muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm 25.4 hli. Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, chim chim (txog 44 mm) thiab cov phom loj ntawm lub hauv paus loj tau npog nrog 64 hli, thiab lub hauv paus nruab nrab nyob hauv lub nkoj lub hull tau npog nrog 38 mm "armored screens".
Feem ntau, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais txog Tsov tus tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog, tau kawg, muaj zog dua li qhov uas Invincible thiab Indefatigable muaj. Piv txwv li, ntawm Qhov Tsis Txaus Siab, qhov tuab tshaj plaws, 152 hli ntu ntawm txoj siv sia siv tau ntev 95 m nrog qhov siab ntawm 3.43 m. Ntawm Indefatigebla, txoj kab 152 mm muaj 91 m thiab 3, 36 m, feem. Thiab "Tsov" muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws 229 hli ntu, thiab nws txuas mus rau 116 m, ntawm qhov siab ntawm 3.5 m!
Tab sis nrog txhua qhov no, qhov loj me ntawm lub nkoj feem ntau tsis pom zoo qhov nws tau txais. Tau kawg, Lyon lub cav thiab chav rhaub dej tau txais kev tiv thaiv zoo dua, tab sis cov kav dej pub mis thiab cov cellars ntawm ob lub hneev thiab lub tsev siab tau npog los ntawm ob sab los ntawm tib lub 102-152 mm armor, thiab qhov no tsis txaus kiag li. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm barbets tau nce - los ntawm 178 mm mus rau 203-229 mm, tab sis kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej txuas tseem muaj teeb meem loj. Qhov tseeb yog qhov projectile tsoo ib sab ntawm lub nkoj hla saum txoj siv hlua khi tuaj yeem nkag tau ib nti ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau, tom qab ntawd 25.4 hli lawj, thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog 76 mm barbet yog qhov cuam tshuam rau nws, uas yuav tsis txaus ib rab phom loj 280-305 -mm.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshwj tseg, O. Chaw Ua Si sau tseg tias muaj peb qhov teeb meem loj rau Tsov Ntxhuav:
1. Raws li koj paub, cov neeg Askiv tau tsim lawv cov tub rog caij nkoj "ua khub" nrog hom tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, siv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xws ntawm ob qho ntawm qhov uas ua tau. "Tsov" yog "kev hloov pauv" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav kawm "Orion", thiab O. Parks sau hais tias txoj haujlwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser yuav tsum tau tso tseg tus pej thuam thib peb ntawm "Orion", thiab tsis yog plaub. Hauv qhov no, kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser yuav tau txais txoj haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom loj, zoo li kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej "Poj huab tais Elizabeth", uas yog, ob lub yees hauv hneev thiab hauv qab. Ntawm no nws nyuaj rau tsis pom zoo nrog O. Chaw Ua Si, vim tias kev hloov pauv tau zoo heev, thiab yuav tsis xav tau kev hloov chaw ntxiv, tab sis yuav muab lub tsev thib peb ntawm Lyon nrog rau ntau qhov chaw tua zoo dua;
2. Qhov chaw ntawm peb ceg txheem ntseeg nyob rau hauv daim duab thiab qhov zoo ib yam ntawm "Orin", uas yog, nruab nrab ntawm lub chimney thawj thiab thib ob. Txawm tias tsis muaj kev ntshai, qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis muaj lub raj hneev taw "ua haujlwm" rau rau lub rhaub dej, tab sis ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua cruiser - 14. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev siv tus ncej ntawm tus ncej tsis nyuaj li, tab sis ua tsis tau kiag li - tus ncej kub heev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nce nws. Qhov tsis txaus no tau raug kho tom qab, ntawm tus nqi rau tsoomfwv Askiv ntawm £ 60,000. Kos duab.;
3. Rau zaum kawg ntawm cov nkoj Askiv, tus choj tau teeb tsa hla lub rooj sib txoos.
Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj chav nyob hauv kab lus piv rau Tsov thiab Moltke, thiab yog li ntawd …
