Kev tawm tsam lub caij ntuj no ntawm Red Army hauv North Caucasus tau xaus rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tag. Cov tub rog thib 11 yeej swb, poob sib nrug, thiab Denikin cov tub rog tau tuaj yeem xaus qhov kev sib tw hauv cheeb tsam hauv qhov nws nyiam.
Kev npaj thiab npaj ua haujlwm
Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918, Pawg Tub Rog 11 tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm tau teev tseg los ntawm cov lus txib siab thiab pib txiav txim siab tawm tsam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kov yeej cov neeg dawb hauv North Caucasus thiab Kuban. Kev tawm tsam ntawm 11 Cov Tub Rog tau xaus rau hauv kev tawm tsam hnyav, vim Denikin cov tub rog tseem tau tawm tsam. Cov Neeg Dawb tau ntes ntau lub zos, tab sis tag nrho tsis muaj peev xwm kov yeej Red Army thiab raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Ob tog tau npaj mus txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Cov lus txib tseem ceeb ntawm Reds thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, 1918, rov hais dua cov lus qhia ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus siab nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus nrog kev tawm tsam Yekaterinodar thiab Novorossiysk, thiab Petrovsk thiab Derbent. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog yuav luag tag, yog li kev tawm tsam tsuas yog tuaj yeem pib tom qab nws rov ua tiav - thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918 - Lub Ib Hlis 1919.
Feem ntau, Pawg Tub Rog 11 tsis tau npaj txhij rau qhov kev tawm tsam no. Cov lus txib tseem ceeb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov rog thiab pab pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab; cov tub rog tsis muaj mos txwv thiab khoom siv txaus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub caij ntuj no; qhov kev hloov kho tshiab thiab hloov kho tshiab tsis tau ua tiav, uas yog, pab tub rog tsis tau npaj kev koom tes; ntau tus tub rog caij tsheb sib tsoo ntawm cov phom sib faib, tsis sib koom ua pab pawg poob siab uas muaj peev xwm tsoo mus rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nraub qaum, cuam tshuam nws kev sib txuas lus; tsis muaj cov tub rog muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem teb rau qhov tsis tau xav txog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab; hauv qab, Reds tau nyob tsis tswm. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Stavropol tau nkees nkees ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tsis txaus siab nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tshem tawm cov zaub mov thiab tshem tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pawg Tub Rog 11, raug txiav tawm hauv nruab nrab ntawm Russia, tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov poob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau npaj rau hauv pab tub rog tsis xav tawm tsam, muaj kev txhawb siab thiab kev kawm txog nom tswv. Ntawd yog, kev txhawb ntxiv hauv pab tub rog muaj kev tawm tsam tsis zoo, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los npaj thiab qhia ntawv, ntxiv rau cov teeb meem nrog kev pab tub rog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Yog li qhov kev tiv thaiv qis ntawm ntau chav nyob thiab kev tso tawm ntau ntawm thawj qhov cim ntawm kev swb. Terek Cossacks, tom qab kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, zais, tab sis tau npaj siab sawv rov los. Cov neeg nyob highlanders, uas yav dhau los tau txhawb nqa Bolsheviks, ua rau pom kev ywj pheej ntxiv.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog liab tau ntxiv dag zog. Thaum ib nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, Pawg Sab Laj Sab Qab Teb Caucasus tau tsim los ntawm kev ua tus thawj coj ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Tshwj Xeeb rau Sab Qab Teb ntawm Russia Ordzhonikidze. Pawg sab laj yuav tsum txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm pab tub rog 11. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Hauv Nroog ntawm North Caucasian koom pheej tau raug tshem tawm, nws cov haujlwm tau hloov mus rau pawg thawj coj saib xyuas haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam uas yog Podvoisky. Kev cob qhia nom tswv tau txhim kho, yuav luag txhua tus thawj coj tau txais cov thawj coj. Lub hauv paus tub rog tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis tsim kev ua haujlwm, kev txiav txim kom raug hauv pab tub rog, thiab kev txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov xwm txheej no tau lig.
Tag nrho cov tub rog tau mus txog 90 txhiab tus neeg nrog 159 phom thiab 847 rab phom tshuab. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tuav lub hauv ntej 250 km ntawm Divnoe mus rau Kislovodsk thiab Nalchik. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim ntawm kev tswj tub rog, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, pem hauv ntej tau muab faib ua ob ntu kev sib ntaus. Qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua raug suav nrog kev sib faib Taman thib 3 thiab thib 4, lub hauv paus chaw nyob hauv Sotnikovsky. Rigelman tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj, Gudkov tus thawj coj. Qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua sab laug suav nrog kev faib phom thib 1 thiab thib 2, hais los ntawm Mironenko. Lub hauv paus chaw nyob yog Mineralnye Vody.
Cov tub rog yuav tsum mus tawm tsam thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, 1919. Thib 4 Infantry Division (8,100 bayonets, 15 phom thiab 58 rab phom tshuab) thiab 1st Stavropol Cavalry Division (ntau dua 1,800 sabers) tsoo los ntawm Vozdvizhenskoye, Voznesenskoye, Mitrofanovskoye cheeb tsam ntawm Bezopasnoye. Qhov thib 3 Taman Rifle Division (24, 4 txhiab tus mos txwv, 2, 3 txhiab sabers, 66 phom thiab 338 lub tshuab phom) tau nce los ntawm thaj chaw Sukhaya Buffola-Kalinovskoye mus rau Stavropol. Kochergin cov tub rog caij nkoj ua ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog thib 1 (1, 2 txhiab sabers nrog 36 rab phom tshuab) thiab pawg tub rog thib 2 (1, 2 txhiab sabers nrog 34 rab phom tshuab), tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thib 3 Taman, yuav tsum tau mus rau Darknoleskaya. 1st Infantry Division (11,000 tus mos txwv thiab sabers nrog 130 lub tshuab rab phom thiab 35 rab phom tau txais txoj haujlwm mus rau Temnolesskaya. Nrog cov tub rog tub rog ntawm Kochubei (suav nrog 10, 5 txhiab bayonets, 3, 8 txhiab sabers, 230 tshuab rab phom, 43 phom) tsoo los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Kursavka, Suvorovskaya, Kislovodsk mus rau Batalpashinsk thiab txuas ntxiv raws tus Dej Kuban mus rau Nevinnomysskaya.
Pab tub rog 11 tau xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb nrog rau sab laug (1st thiab 2nd faib, peb pab tub rog caij nees). Cov lus txib liab tau npaj tseg, tau nyob hauv Batalpashinsk, Nevinnomysskaya thiab Temnolesskaya, txiav txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Stavropol-Armavir, txiav lub hauv ntej ntawm Denikin cov tub rog kom nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab pawg hauv cheeb tsam Stavropol.
Denikin cov tub rog
Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam los ntawm 100 txhiab. Denikin cov tub rog. Ncaj nraim tiv thaiv pab tub rog thib 11 muaj txog 25 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sab sab nrog 75 rab phom, nyob tom qab tom qab hauv cov tub rog muaj dua 12-14 txhiab leej neeg. Ntawm sab laug sab laug, nyob rau ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4, Stankevich qhov kev sib cais tau nyob, mus rau sab qab teb, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm 4th thiab 3rd Taman kev faib - Wrangel cov tub rog tub rog. 1st Army Corps ntawm General Kazanovich, ua ke nrog 1st Kuban Cossack Division of Pokrovsky, tau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov thib 3 Taman Division. General Lyakhov's 3rd Army Corps ua ke nrog 1st Caucasian Cossack Division Shkuro ntawm sab xis ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz tiv thaiv 2nd Infantry Division.
Cov Denikinites tau zoo dua nrog riam phom thiab mos txwv ntau dua li Reds. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev tawm tsam, txawm hais tias poob ntau hauv kev sib ntaus yav dhau los, kuj tseem ceeb dua. Cov lus txib dawb ua kom siv cov tub rog zoo dua, tsim cov pab pawg tawm tsam sai. Cov lej muaj zog ntawm Pab Tub Rog Dawb tam sim no tau txhawb los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, Cossacks, cov tub ceev xwm (yav dhau los nruab nrab). Cov neeg raug txim ntawm Red Army tau raug coj mus ua tub rog. Txoj cai pab dawb yuav tsum tso tseg. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm pab tub rog, rau qhov tsis zoo. Tab sis feem ntau, Denikin cov tub rog tau muaj zog dua li 11th Red Army raws li qhov tsis yooj yim. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tswj hwm zoo, koom haum thiab txhawb siab tau them nyiaj rau tus lej zoo tshaj ntawm pab tub rog 11 hauv Stavropol kev coj.
Tawm mus ntawm Thawj Tus Thawj Coj General Markov Regiment (1919)
11th Army tawm tsam
Pawg Tub Rog 11 txoj kev tawm tsam tau npaj rau Lub Ib Hlis 4, 1919. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua pib ntxov dua li tau npaj tseg. Kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis feem ntau tau dhau mus, tab sis kev sib cav sib ceg tau tshwm sim. Yog li, Casanovich txuas ntxiv ua siab tawv rau Medvedskoe hauv ib nrab ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, Cov Neeg Dawb tau ntes Aleksandrovskoye, Crimea -Gireyevskoye, Borgustanskaya, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28 - Medvedskoye.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1918, Reds tau tawm tsam thiab rov qab tau cov zos uas ploj lawm yav tas los. Raws li kev sib tsoo ntawm rab phom thib 1 thiab thib 2, cov neeg Denikinites raug yuam kom thim rov qab rau tag nrho cov kab hauv ntej. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Pawg Taman Rifle Thib 3, nrog Derevyanchenko cov tub rog sib faib ua ke los ntawm Kochergin cov tub rog caij nees, txhawm rau txhawb nqa txoj kev vam meej ntawm sab laug, pib ua phem rau Grushevskoye, Medvedskoye thiab, thaum nyob hauv cov zos no, cuam tus yeeb ncuab rov mus rau sab hnub poob. Hnub tom ntej, Kaum Ob Hlis 29, Reds txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev vam meej mus tom ntej.
Ntawm sab xis, Reds kuj tau tawm tsam thiab pib npog Petrovskoe los ntawm sab qaum teb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, Thib Ob Kuban Cossack Division Ulagaya nrog ob lub Plastun cov tub rog tau tsoo ntawm sab laug ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4. Cov Neeg Dawb tau kov yeej plaub qhov kev faib, pov nws rov qab rau Voznesensky - Mitrofanovsky, thiab ntes Winery. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog thib 7 P. M. Ipatov, yog ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm liab hais kom ua nyob rau hauv Stavropol Territory, tau tuag ua siab tawv. Tom qab tau rov zoo thiab rov ua kom rov muaj zog, Reds rov mus rau tom ntej. Tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub Ulagay tau kov yeej Reds hauv thaj tsam Winery thiab Derbetovka, pov lawv rov qab mus rau Divnoe.
Kev tshem tawm ntawm P. M. Ipatov hauv lub zos Petrovskoye. Hauv qhov chaw yog P. M. Ipatov thiab I. R. Apanasenko. 1918 xyoo
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30 - 31, 1918, Pawg Taman Rifle Thib 3 tau txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev tawm tsam kom ua tiav. Cov Tamans kov yeej Casanovich lub cev thiab cuam cov Dawb rov mus rau Kalaus Dej. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2, 1919, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes Vysotskoye, Kalinovskoye, thiab tau txais ntau yam khoom plig. Kazanovich tau ceeb toom cov lus txib siab tias thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntxiv los ntawm Red Army, lub hauv ntej yuav tawg dhau thiab yuav muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev poob ntawm Stavropol. Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tsis muaj qhov tshwj tseg nyob rau tom qab tam sim, tsuas yog Kornilov poob siab nyob hauv Yekaterinodar.
Lub caij no, Soviet cov lus txib tau pib hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tub rog: yav dhau los peb Taman cov tub rog tau hloov pauv mus ua peb rab phom loj; los ntawm cov tub rog tub rog ntawm Peb Taman Rifle Division thib 3, North Kuban Cavalry Division tau tsim los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Litunenko. Qhov kev faib tub rog no suav nrog kev hloov kho tshiab peb lub cav tub rog: Kuban, Caucasian thiab Taman. Tag nrho cov phom loj tau muab faib ua peb pawg tub rog, ib qho rau txhua pawg tub rog. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias txhua qhov xwm txheej no nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg dawb ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev sib ntaus zoo ntawm Tamans.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tawv ncauj tab tom tawm tsam txuas ntxiv ntawm sab laug ntawm pab tub rog 11. Nov yog kev faib phom thib 1 thiab thib 2 thiab Kochergin cov tub rog caij nkoj tau sib ntaus sib tua nrog Lyakhov cov tub rog. Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz, tshuab cov tub rog liab, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv, tau tawm tsam los ntawm Shkuro Cossacks thiab cov neeg nce toj ntawm pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm Circassian cavalry faib (tseem hu ua "Wild Division") Klych Sultan-Giray. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, cov neeg dawb tau tawm tsam Krym-Gireevskaya, tab sis tau tsav rov qab dhau Surkul. Nyob rau sab qab teb, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2 - 3, 1919, cov tub rog liab tau kov yeej lwm qhov ntawm kev faib ntawm Circassian, ntes Vorovskoleskaya thiab tsoo mus rau Batalpashinsk. Kev hem thawj ntawm kev poob ntawm Batalpashinsk thiab tshem Reds mus rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb tau yuam tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog Lyakhov kom tshem tawm ob lub tub rog tub rog coj los ntawm Shkuro los ntawm Surkul-Kursavka txoj haujlwm thiab pov lawv mus rau kev pab ntawm tub ceev xwm ntawm Batalpashinsk. Shkuro tau sau tag nrho cov muaj Cossacks nyob ntawd, ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov koog thiab tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam.
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Circassian Cavalry Division ("Wild Division") Sultan-Girey Klych
Yog li, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, 1919, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg dawb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Reds txoj kev vam meej ntawm sab laug yog qhov pom tau tshwj xeeb. Tub rog thib 11 nyob Bekeshevskaya - Suvorovskaya - Vorovskoleskaya - Batalpashinsk, coj kev tawm tsam ntawm Nevinnomysskaya. Thaum muaj kev poob ntawm Batalpashinsk thiab tshem cov neeg dawb mus rau sab laug ntawm Kuban, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau mus rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Kazanovich thiab Wrangel. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Casanovich lub cev nyob hauv nruab nrab nws tus kheej tsis tau tuav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 5, 1919, Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Xeem 11 tau xa xov tooj zoo siab txog qhov kev ua tiav uas tau ua tiav rau Pawg Thawj Coj Tub Rog Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm lub hauv ntej hauv Astrakhan. Nws tau sau tseg tias, yuav tsum muaj cov mos txwv tag nrho, pawg tub rog thib 11 yuav siv Stavropol thiab Armavir. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov yeeb ncuab twb tau pib lawv qhov kev tawm tsam.
Wrangel qhov kev tawm tsam
Cov lus txib dawb tau txiav txim siab hla dhau tom qab thiab tawm tsam ib pab tub rog liab (Pawg Taman Rifle Division thib 3) mus rau thaj tsam Medvedskoe-Shishkino. Lub zog loj ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog tub rog (kwv yees li 10 tus tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Toporkov) tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam Petrovskoe-Donskaya Balka los ntawm ob qhov kev taug kev hmo ntuj hnyav. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1919, Wrangelites (kwv yees li 4 txhiab sabers nrog 10 - 15 rab phom) tau xa tawm sai sai, hla hla txoj cai ntawm Tamans. Lub tshuab tawg sai sai, vim tias Reds ntseeg tias Wrangel cov neeg tawg rog tau tawg mus rau thaj tsam loj mus txog Manych.
Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 3, Wrangel cov tub rog nyob hauv Alexandria, sib sib zog nqus ua rau tus yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Taman faib tau nyob hauv lub zos. Ua tsaug, thiab cov tub rog tseem tab tom npaj mus rau sab hnub poob mus rau Kalaus Dej. Lub hauv paus chaw ntawm 11 Tub Rog pib tsis txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau cov lus ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Taman faib txog kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab thiab tawm mus rau tom qab ntawm Taman units. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau hloov pauv tias Wrangel lub cev tsis muaj dab tsi los tawm tsam. Qhov thib 3 Taman Division tau ua rau xav tsis thoob, nws cov tub rog tau qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tamans tau nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev rov txhim kho dua tshiab, uas ua rau tsis muaj kev faib. Kev khaws cia dav dav ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 txoj cai kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas suav nrog 3 Kuban Rifle Brigade, tau coj nws thiab lub sijhawm tseem ceeb no tau sib tham. Thiab hauv cov tub rog khaws tseg tsis muaj cov chav loj thiab cov tub rog uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem teb nrog tshuab los tshuab, ua kom muaj kev ua tiav zoo ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog 11 tau muaj 4 tus tub rog khaws cia, tab sis cov koog no, tsim los ntawm cov tub rog rov zoo los ntawm qhov txhab thiab mob, tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam sai. Cov lus txib tau qhia Kochergin cov tub rog caij nkoj kom mob siab rau hauv lub zos Blagodarny thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 4.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Commander-in-Chief Denikin, Kazanovich's 1st Army Corps, Wrangel's 1st Cavalry Corps thiab General Stankevich's detachment tau koom ua ib pawg tub rog sib cais raws li cov lus txib ntawm Wrangel. Pab pawg pab pawg yuav tsum tsim kom muaj thawj qhov kev vam meej, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Tamans - Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig, thiab tom qab ntawd tso siab rau sab nraub qaum ntawm Pab Pawg Liab, uas nyob hauv Mineralnye Vody cheeb tsam tau tawm tsam Lyakhov lub cev.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, lub ntsej muag liab tau tawg, Tamans tawm ntawm Sukhaya Twm thiab Medvedskoye, thiab rov qab mus rau Blagodarnoye, Elizavetinskoye thiab Novoselytskoye. Casanovich cov tub rog tseem tau tawm tsam thiab nyob hauv Orekhovka thiab Vysotskoye. Dawb tau tawm tsam Blagodarnoe thiab Elizavetinskoe. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Taman faib los ntawm Blagodarny mus rau Elizavetinskoe. Qee pawg Taman tau sim tawm tsam tsis ua tiav, tawm tsam zoo, lwm tus nyob rau tib lub sijhawm khiav tawm, tso tseg lossis tso tseg (feem ntau yog nag hmo Stavropol cov neeg ua liaj ua teb). Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 6, Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb tau ntes Blagodarnoye thiab hem tias yuav tshem tawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 ua ob ntu.
