Kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam Soviet Terek kev tawm tsam ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tseem nyob nrog Pab Tub Rog Dawb. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog Soviet tau muaj teeb meem logistical loj. Tom qab Stavropol tau ploj thiab Reds raug thawb rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Stavropol xeev, cov khoom siv tau cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv. Astrakhan nyob deb thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog nws tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1918, cov mos txwv me me tau xa los ntawm Astrakhan raws txoj kev 500 -kilometers deb ntawm txoj kev Yashkul mus rau Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau mus rau Georgievsk - Pyatigorsk (100 txhiab daim cartridges ib lub lim tiam). Cov tub rog tshiab tuaj txog hauv Astrakhan thiab tsim cov peev txheej tseem ceeb, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus ntxiv dua li Astrakhan thiab Kizlyar.
Hauv Cov Neeg Dawb, qhov xwm txheej tau zoo dua nrog kev ntes thaj tsam loj thiab nplua nuj ntawm Kuban, Ntug Hiav Txwv Dub thiab ib feem ntawm Stavropol Cheeb Tsam. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis - Kaum Ob Hlis 1918, Lub Nkoj Nkoj Nkoj tau tshwm sim hauv Hiav Txwv Dub. Denikin cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Anglo-French imperialist predators, uas ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg hauv Russia txhawm rau txhawm rau rhuav tshem thiab ua phem rau tebchaws Russia.
Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Red Army
Tom qab swb ntawm Petrovsky, tus thawj coj ntawm 11th Army Fedko tau hloov los ntawm V. Kruse. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918, Kev ywj pheej Caspian-Caucasian Front tau sib cais los ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, suav nrog ntawm 11, 12th pab tub rog thiab Caspian flotilla. Lub hauv ntej tau coj los ntawm M. Svechnikov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 tau rov txhim kho dua: yav tas los tau tsim 4 tus tub rog thiab 1 tus tub rog tub rog tau hloov pauv mus rau 4 rab phom thiab 2 pab tub rog caij tsheb sib tsoo, 1 qhov tshwj tseg thiab 2 pab tub rog tub rog. Tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pab tub rog 11 nyob rau thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918 yog kwv yees li 90 txhiab tus neeg, ntawm uas ob feem peb yog cov tub rog nquag.
Kev hloov kho tshiab tsis tau ua kom muaj zog pab tub rog liab nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas yog, cov koog tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav, caj npab, muab sijhawm rau lawv so. Qhov teeb meem khoom tsis tau daws. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus txib liab tsis tuaj yeem siv tag nrho cov kev ua tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm nws qhov pov tseg. Cov tub rog tseem yog ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov phom loj. Cov tub rog caij tsheb tau tawg mus los ntawm hauv ntej, nws tau ua raws li cov thawj coj ntawm kev faib phom, leej twg siv lawv los txhawb cov tub rog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Reds tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm cov tub rog caij nees hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb.
Cov phiaj xwm
Thaum ntxov thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1918, Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam ntawm Caspian -Caucasian Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Yav Qab Teb tau xaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm 11th Army raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz raws li Armavir - Kavkazskaya chaw nres tsheb txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov chaw ntawm cov rog dawb los ntawm Tsaritsyn. Qhov no twb yog plaub qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pab tub rog 11 los muab kev pab rau pab tub rog thib 10 hauv Tsaritsyn cheeb tsam, uas tawm tsam kev ua phem ntawm Don Army (Krasnov White Cossacks). Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1918, tag nrho Red Army ntawm North Caucasus tau xaj kom thim rov qab mus rau Tsaritsyn; thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1918, feem ntau sib ntaus sib tua-npaj "hlau" faib ntawm Redneck tau raug tshem tawm ntawm pab tub rog ntawm North Caucasus thiab xa mus rau Tsaritsyn; Thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 24, RVS ntawm Yav Qab Teb Pem Hauv Ntej tau thov kom npaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Stavropol thiab Rostov-on-Don, uas ua rau muaj kev swb loj hauv Stavropol kev sib ntaus.
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias RVS ntawm Yav Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, thaum xaj kom pab tub rog thib 11, uas nyuam qhuav muaj txoj sia los ntawm kev kov yeej nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm Armavir, Stavropol thiab Petrovsky, mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv kom txuag Tsaritsyn, xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm pab tub rog liab. hauv North Caucasus tsis zoo. Cov tub rog thib 11 tsis tuaj yeem npaj qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab tam sim ntawd, thiab txawm tias yuav rov tsim kho dua tshiab tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, ua raws qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov lus txib siab, cov tub rog ntawm 11th Army thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis tau pib tawm tsam los ntawm thaj tsam Kursavka mus rau Nevinnomysskaya. Kev faib phom thib 2 thiab pab tub rog tub rog ntawm Kochubei (yav dhau los yog ntu ntawm tshooj 9 thiab cov tub rog ntawm Nevinnomyssk thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua) ua haujlwm hauv ntu no. Thiab lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ntawm Batalpashiisk - Nevinnomysskaya yuav tsum tau ua phem los ntawm 1st Infantry Division of Mironenko (ua ntej kev rov txhim kho - 1st Shock Shariah Column), uas qhia tau tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo thaum lub sij hawm swb ntawm Terek uprising.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 1918, RVS ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj tau xaj cov tub rog ntawm 11th thiab 12th pab tub rog kom txeeb chaw nres nkoj ntawm Novorossiysk ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Petrovsk ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspian, tag nrho txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz, Tikhoretsk-Novorossiysk txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj … Tom qab ntes Novorossiysk thiab Petrovsky, nws tau xaj kom tsim kev tawm tsam rau Yeisk, Rostov, Novocherkassk thiab Baku. Cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog 12 tau nyob hauv Gudermes - Petrovsk, Kizlyar - Chervlennaya txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Baku.
Yog li, Red Army nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus tau muab txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb los tso tag nrho North Caucasus, xeev Stavropol, Kuban, thiab thaj av Baku roj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom yeej Denikin cov tub rog, uas tsim cov xwm txheej rau cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob kom rhuav tshem thiab rhuav tshem Krasnov's Don pab tub rog. Qhov tseeb, pab tub rog ntawm 11 thiab 12 pab tub rog tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li no. Suffice nws kom nco ntsoov tias cov lus txib ntawm Caspian-Caucasian Front tshiab tseem tsis tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab pab pawg ntawm Denikin cov tub rog nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus thiab tsis zoo sawv cev rau txoj haujlwm tiag ntawm pab tub rog 11. Lub hauv paus chaw ntawm 11 Tub Rog - B. Peresvet tau raug xaiv los ua nws tus thawj coj, thiab MK Levandovsky ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab kev soj xyuas - tau nyuam qhuav pib tsim thaum pib lub Kaum Ob Hlis, raws li tau faib ua pawg saib xyuas. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog tau sau tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm 1919, thaum qhov xwm txheej twb tau hloov pauv ntau heev.
Lub caij no, cov lus txib dawb tseem tab tom npaj tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7, 1918, Denikin tau qhia rau Wrangel corps, uas Stankevich tau sib cais ua pawg, kom swb pawg Stavropol ntawm Reds, pov nws hla tus Dej Kalaus thiab ntes thaj tsam ntawm Hla Hla. Casanovich cov neeg tuag ntawm Blagodarnoye thiab yog li npog Wrangel sab qab teb flank. Lyakhov lub cev yuav tsum tau nce mus rau Kislovodsk - Mineralnye Vody pem hauv ntej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 11th Army thiab Denikin cov tub rog tau tawg.
Sib ntaus sib tua Kaum Ob Hlis
Cov neeg dawb uas mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tau ntsib cov chav ntawm 11th Army uas tseem tau pib txav mus: qhov faib phom thib ob thiab pab tub rog tub rog ntawm Kochubei, thiab cov tub rog ntawm Georgievsky cov tub rog tub rog tau xa los ntawm cheeb tsam Terek, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Svyato-Krestovsky chaw sib ntaus sib tua, uas tseem mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz los ntawm chaw nres tsheb Kursavki mus rau Nevinnomysskaya thiab los ntawm Vorovskoleskaya mus rau Batalpashinsk (Cherkessk).
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj tab tom tawm los. Ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, Soviet pab tub rog txhawb nqa 5 lub tsheb ciav hlau uas muaj phom loj thiab tshuab rab phom. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam Kursavka, cov lus txib ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv "Kommunist" tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tus kheej. Lub zos Vorovskolesskaya, tau tawm tsam los ntawm Kochubei cov tub rog, hla ntawm txhais tes mus rau ob peb zaug. 1st Caucasian Cossack Division Shkuro, uas tau nce qib tam sim no los ntawm sab laug lossis sab xis ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Kursavka, tau sim mus txog tom qab ntawm Kochubei cov tub rog. Tab sis cov tub rog dawb tau rov thim rov qab los ntawm cov tub rog liab. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16, cov neeg dawb tau mus txog thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Kursavka, thiab coj nws mus rau hnub tim 27 nrog kev tawm tsam plastuns nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv thiab nrog kev nkag los ntawm Shkuro cov tub rog mus rau tom qab liab.
Tawm tsam Denikinites, uas tau nce qib los ntawm Batalpashinsk mus rau cheeb tsam Kislovodsk-Pyatigorsk, ib feem ntawm Kislovodsk cheeb tsam kev sib ntaus los ntawm Kozlov tau tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14-15, cov tub rog dawb tau tawm tsam Kislovodsk sai li sai tau, tab sis tau rov tawm tsam. Cov yeeb ncuab rov qab mus rau Batalpashinsk. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 17, Dawb txuas ntxiv nws kev tawm tsam, tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej ntau.
Hauv Stavropol cov lus qhia, Kazanovich's 1st Army Corps tau pib ua phem rau hauv Aleksandrovskoye - Donskaya Balka. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, Denikin cov tub rog tau ntes lub zos Sukhaya Buivola, Vysotskoye, Kalinovskoye. Liab - Cov Taman Rifle 3 thiab Cavalry Kev Sib cais, qhia pom tsis kam tiv thaiv. Tab sis lawv tau sib sau ua ke thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22 cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau ntes cov nroog loj ntawm Aleksandrovskoye thiab Kruglolesskoye. Dawb tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau mus ntxiv.
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm Wrangel cov tub rog caij nkoj. Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog tau nce mus rau Vinodelnoe, Derbetovskoe, thiab Stankevich qhov kev sib cais ntawm Divnoe. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14, Wrangelites tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm rab phom thib 4 thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum 1 (yav dhau los yog Stavropol corps). Cov Neeg Dawb tau ntes Petrovskoye - Vinodelnoe cheeb tsam. Wrangel, ntseeg hauv kev swb ntawm Reds thiab lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj nyob rau yav tom ntej, tau tso tseg cov lus txib rau Ulagayu thiab tsav tsheb mus rau Yekaterinodar. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, Reds tau tawm tsam, thim rov qab Stankevich qhov kev sib cais, ntes Derbetovskoye thiab Vinodelnoe. Qhov thib ob Kuban Division ntawm Ulagai raug pov tseg los pab Stankevich qhov kev tshem tawm. Dawb tsoo ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag thiab cuam Reds rov qab mus rau Divnoye.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, 1918, tab sis White Guards tsis tuaj yeem tsoo qhov tsis kam ntawm Reds thiab, tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj, mus rau qhov tiv thaiv. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog lawv lub caij ntuj no - hauv cov dej khov, cua daj cua dub thiab te. Ob tog tau sim ua thaj chaw loj txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav qhov sov sov, chaw nyob rau cov tub rog, zaub mov thiab zaub mov noj. Tsis muaj kab tiv thaiv tas mus li. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog thaj tsam Kursavka, qhov uas cov tub rog liab tau npaj ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob ze rau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Vladikavkaz.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, 1918, Caspian-Caucasian Front tau raug xaj kom rov tua Yekaterinodar-Novorossiysk, Petrovsk, Temir-Khan-Shura (tam sim no Buinaksk) thiab Derbent. Txawm li cas los xij, Pawg Tub Rog 11 tsis muaj mos txwv rau kev tawm tsam, cov peev txheej tau ploj mus. Yog li, rau rab phom nquag muaj tsuas yog 10 lub foob pob rau cov tub rog thiab 10 hauv cov arsenals. Cov chav muaj 10 - 20 puag ncig ntawm ib rab phom, thiab cov tub rog khaws cia tsis muab txawm tias ib daim cartridge rau ib rab phom. Thiab cov mos txwv tuaj ntawm Astrakhan tuaj yeem tuaj txog thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918 - thaum ntxov Lub Ib Hlis 1919. Yog li ntawd, kev tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 11 tau raug ncua mus txog thaum kawg lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918.
