Hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, hom thiab yam ntxwv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsim los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, USSR, Askiv, Fabkis thiab Tebchaws Meskas hauv lub sijhawm sib cav tau txiav txim siab. Fab Kis thiab Askiv, raws li kev paub siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, ua raws li lub tswv yim tiv thaiv, muab kev tshem tawm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, ua rau nws qaug zog thiab hloov kev ua tsov rog mus rau txoj haujlwm. Hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv tau pom txoj hauv kev txhawb nqa cov tub rog thiab tub rog thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog kev txhim kho lub teeb thiab lub tsheb loj hnyav. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab tau tsim, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj cov tub rog tiv thaiv ywj pheej hauv lawv cov tub rog, cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau tawg thoob plaws cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas tau lees txais "cov lus qhuab qhia blitzkrieg" raws li ua tiav qhov kev yeej ntawm xob laim los ntawm kev xa tawm ua ntej tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev siv lub tank loj tsim los txhawm rau hla hauv ntej thiab nkag mus rau hauv qhov tob ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thaj chaw. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, kev tsom mus rau kev txhim kho lub teeb txawb thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab. Cov kws tshaj lij German yog thawj tus pom lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev ua tsov rog yav tom ntej thiab siv tau zoo.
Lub tebchaws Soviet tau ua raws li Franco-British lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab, taug kev thiab ua raws cov yeeb ncuab ntawm nws thaj chaw, thiab kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb tau them rau kev txhim kho lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam txhawm rau txhawb nqa cov tub rog thiab tub rog. Tseem tsis tau muaj cov tub rog tiv thaiv ywj pheej nyob hauv Red Army, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tuam txhab, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog, lawv tau suav nrog hauv lub xeev lossis tau txuas nrog txhawb kev faib phom thiab cov tub rog.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm pab tub rog German hauv kev tawm tsam sai thiab swb ntawm Poland, Fabkis thiab Askiv tau hloov kho lawv lub tswv yim thiab xyoo 1940 pib tsim kev sib cais tank. thiab kev sib cais ntawm lub tank kom ua haujlwm ywj pheej, tab sis thaum pib ua tsov rog qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tsis tiav.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, cov qauv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntau chav kawm tau tsim, los ntawm lub tank tso rau lub teeb pom kev zoo mus rau qhov hnyav tshaj plaws "dab". Txog thaum kawg ntawm 30s, kev teeb tsa qub ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau pib ua tiav hauv lub tank tsim, nrog kev tshawb nrhiav kom pom qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog tua hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov kev paub hauv kev txhim kho thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam pom tau tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog nruab nrab thiab tso tsheb hlau luam ze lawv. Los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog, cov neeg tawm tsam yav tom ntej tau nce nrog cov lej sib txawv thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo, lawv muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm lawv kev siv.
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog German cov lus qhuab qhia, nrog kev pab uas Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws tau tsoo nws cov neeg sib tw nrog lub nkoj ntim khoom thiab yuam lawv kom swb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hais txog qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, Lub teb chaws Yelemees feem ntau tsis dhau nws cov neeg sib tw thiab txawm tias ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm txoj kev ntawd. Los ntawm nws cov kev coj ua, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau ua pov thawj tias ntxiv rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo, ib tus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm siv tau lawv kom raug.
Cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam zoo li cas nyob rau hmo ua tsov rog? Kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev nkag siab niaj hnub no tsis muaj, muaj lub teeb pom kev, cov tub rog, cov tub rog, cov tub rog caij nkoj thiab cov tso tsheb hnyav. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, txhua lub tank tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tau muab nthuav tawm hauv peb lub rooj sib piv - lub teeb, nruab nrab thiab hnyav, qhia txog lawv cov txuj ci thiab cov yam ntxwv thiab tus lej ntawm cov qauv ua ntej ua tsov rog.
Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam
Cov chav kawm no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov hom thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam amphibious, uas tau tsim ntau hauv USSR nkaus xwb thiab tsis muaj kev siv hnyav rau lawv lub hom phiaj, yuav tsum suav nrog ntawm no, txij li yuav luag txhua yam tau raug puas tsuaj thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua rog. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, cov neeg tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, cov tso tsheb hlau loj tsis tau tsim tawm.
1) Tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm BT series tau tsim tawm tag nrho 8620, suav nrog 620 BT-2, 1884 BT-5. 5328 BT-7 thiab 788 BT-7M.
Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam
Tsis tas li ntawd, tankettes tau tsim ntau hauv txhua lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tabsis vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm lub tank thiab lwm yam kev tsim, lawv tsis suav nrog hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hais txog lub zog tua hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los ntawm lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam qhia tau tias lawv tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv paus thiab yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg coob uas yog 2-3 tus neeg, lub tank hnyav (5-14) tons, lub teeb phom loj thiab rab phom tshuab armament, mos txwv tiv thaiv armor thiab kuj zoo mob …
Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv tau riveted los ntawm daim hlau thaiv daim hlau, muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (13-16) mm, tsuas yog Fab Kis H35, R35, FCM36 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab Soviet T-50 tank nrog 34-45 mm tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias hauv kev tsim lub hull thiab lub turret ntawm FCM36 thiab T-50, kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv daim hlau ntawm cov ces kaum feem ntau yog siv.
Raws li rab phom rab phom, rab phom 20-45 mm tau teeb rau ntawm lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Fab Kis muaj rab phom ntev 37-mm, German Pz. II muaj rab phom ntev 20-mm rab phom thiab Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam muaj rab phom ntev 45 mm.
Ntawm Fab Kis FCM36 thiab Soviet T-50, lub cav diesel tau siv ua lub zog cog, ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tas li lawv tau siv roj av, thawj zaug siv lub cav diesel rau ntawm lub tank Fabkis. Soviet T-50 tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txav mus los.
German Pz. I thiab British Mk VI yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tub rog thiab cuab yeej cuab tam thiab tsis zoo rau Soviet thiab Fabkis lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm German Pz. II tsis txaus vim kev teeb tsa rab phom me me. Soviet loj tso tsheb hlau luam T-26 thiab BT-7 tau zoo dua hauv kev ua tub rog rau cov neeg German, hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lawv nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug, thiab kev txav mus los BT-7 tau zoo dua rau German tso tsheb hlau luam. Hais txog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv, lub zog tua hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los, Soviet T-50 tau ua ntej txhua qhov.
Tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg coob coob (3-6) tus neeg, hnyav 11-27 tons, 37-76, 2-mm rab phom phom, tiv thaiv phom loj tiv thaiv zoo, qee lub tso tsheb hlau luam muaj kev tiv thaiv plhaub tiv thaiv, thiab txaus siab rau kev txav mus los.
1) Tag nrho 300 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim, suav nrog 175 Mk II A10 thiab 125 MkI A9 nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.
2) Tag nrho ntawm 2,491 tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog 1,771 MkV, 655 MkIV A13 thiab 65 Mk III A13 nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.
3) 1248 T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1941.
Tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qib 16-30 hli, tsuas yog lus Askiv Matilda Kuv muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv 60 hli tuab, thiab T-34 muaj 45 hli tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog rau cov laj thawj ntawm kev xav.
Cov phom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob hauv qhov muaj peev xwm yog Pz IV thiab T-34, tab sis Pz IV muaj rab phom ntev 75mm nrog L / 24, thiab T-34 muaj rab phom ntev 76.2mm nrog L / 41.5.
Hais txog kev txav mus los, T-34 nrog lub cav diesel sawv, lub tank ceev ntawm 54 km / h thiab lub zog cia ntawm 380 km.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv sib sau ua ke, txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau mob siab ua ntej ntawm T-34, German Pz IV thiab Fab Kis S35 tau qis dua nws. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, lub tank nruab nrab zoo tsis tau tsim dua, T-34 tau dhau los ua thawj lub tank uas, nrog rau txhua qhov nws qhov tsis txaus hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm chav sib ntaus, muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los, kom ntseeg tau tias nws siab kev ua tau zoo
Hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam
Cov tsheb loj hnyav tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm 5-6 tus neeg, hnyav 23-52 tons, 75-76 rab phom loj, 2-mm riam phom, tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv rab phom thiab cov yam ntxwv txwv tsis pub txav mus los.
German tank Nb. Nz. qhov tseeb nws yog lub tank nruab nrab, tab sis rau lub hom phiaj tshaj tawm, German kev tshaj tawm txhua qhov chaw nthuav tawm nws ua lub tank hnyav. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 5 qhov qauv ntawm lub tank no tau ua, peb ntawm lawv tau xa mus rau Norway, qhov uas lawv tau qhia txog lub zog ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm Wehrmacht thiab siv tsis tau ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua phem.
Ntau lub turret Soviet T-35 tso tsheb hlau luam tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tuag thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tawm tsam tiag. Kev tsim KV-2 lub tank tua nrog 152-mm howitzer kuj tsis muaj kev txhim kho ntxiv vim muaj teeb meem nrog rab phom, qhov loj ntawm lub tank thiab nws qhov kev tsis txaus siab.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv sib sau ua ke, KV-1 thiab B1bis nrog tiv thaiv phom loj 60-75 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab riam phom muaj zog tau sawv cev txaus hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav thiab tau ua tiav thaum siv tsov rog. Hais txog lub zog tua hluav taws, KV-1 nrog rab phom ntev 76, 2-mm rab phom nrog L / 41, 6 sawv tawm. kev ua tsov ua rog nws tau qhia ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab 161 B1bis ntes los ntawm cov neeg German tau suav nrog hauv Wehrmacht …
Soviet thiab German cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tank tsev
Nrog rau kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam tam sim ntawd tau pom. Tsis muaj lub teeb, nruab nrab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Askiv thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas pom pom daim ntawv thov thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, lawv yuav tsum txhim kho thiab nthuav tawm mus rau qhov tsim ntau lub teeb tshiab, nruab nrab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob Fab Kis tau tso tseg txoj kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, lub teeb Pz. II tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Wehrmacht kom txog thaum xyoo 1943, thaum nruab nrab Pz. III thiab Pz. IV tso tsheb hlau luam tau dhau los ua lub tso tsheb loj loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Yelemes thiab tau tsim kom txog rau thaum kawg tsov rog, ntxiv rau lawv xyoo 1942 Pz. V "Panther" thiab Pz. VI tau tshwm sim. "Tsov".
Txij li thaum pib ua tsov rog, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Soviet Union tau sawv cev txaus hauv txhua chav kawm, ntawm lub teeb T-50, nruab nrab T-34 thiab hnyav KV-1. T-34 tau dhau los ua lub tank tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog thiab lub cim ntawm yeej. Rau cov laj thawj kev teeb tsa, T-50 tsis tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm, tsis yog lub teeb tso tsheb qub dhau T-26 thiab BT tsev neeg, cov tso tsheb hlau luam yooj yim thiab pheej yig T-60 thiab T-70 tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm, uas yog qis dua li T-50, tab sis qhov pheej yig thiab yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv kev ua rog ua rau nws raug mob. Ib pawg me me ntawm 75 T-50 tso tsheb hlau luam tau lees paub nws cov yam ntxwv zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thaum pib ua tsov rog, nws tsis ua haujlwm los tsim nws cov khoom loj, txhua lub zog raug pov rau hauv cov khoom loj ntawm ua T-34. Hnyav hnyav KV-1, kuj tau qhia lawv tus kheej thaum pib ua tsov rog, ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, ntau dua KV-85 thiab IS tsev neeg tau tshwm sim.
Txhua yam no qhia tias Soviet thiab German cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev tsim lub tank hauv lub xyoo ua ntej ua tsov rog tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, xaiv txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho tso tsheb hlau luam, tsim cov qauv tsim nyog tiag tiag, tom qab ntawd ntxiv dag zog rau lawv nrog cov qib siab dua, tsim twb yog thaum tsov rog.
Qhov sib piv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau lub sijhawm ua tsov rog
Tom qab txiav txim siab cov tswv yim zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev ua tsov rog yog kev txaus siab. Hauv cov peev txheej sib txawv, cov lej sib txawv, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lej yog tib yam nkaus. Txog qhov sib piv ntau ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv cov khoom no, kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub sijhawm sib cav tau siv. Lawm, tsis yog txhua lub tank tso rau hauv pab tub rog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, qee qhov tau raug kho lossis raws li kev cob qhia, qee qhov raug sau tawm thiab pov tseg, tab sis qhov no siv rau txhua lub tebchaws thiab qhov sib piv ntawm tso tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem siv tau los txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tebchaws uas tau nkag mus rau Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. …
1) Hauv USSR, ua ntej tsov rog, tau tsim 4866 lub tsheb tso tsheb loj amphibious, suav nrog 2566 T-37A, 1340 T-38, 960 T-40.
2) Lub teb chaws Yelemees raug ntes hauv Czechoslovakia 244 lub tso tsheb hlau luam LT vz. 35 (Pz. 35 (t)) thiab 763 lub tso tsheb hlau luam LT vz. 38 (Pz. 38 (t)), hauv Fab Kis 2,152 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam, suav nrog 704 FT17 (18), 48 FCM36, 600 N35, 800 R35, ntxiv rau 297 S35 SOMUA cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab thiab 161 B1bis tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav thiab suav nrog lawv hauv Wehrmacht.
Tank ntau lawm nyob rau lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog
Lub USSR. Txog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, 18381 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim, suav nrog 9686 T-26 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam, 8620 BT series tso tsheb loj ceev (620 BT-2, 1884 BT-5, 5328 BT-7, 788 BT-7M) thiab 75 lub tso tsheb hlau luam T-50.
Tsis tas li ntawd 4866 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam amphibious tau tsim (2566 T-37A, 1340 T-38, 960 T-40). Nws nyuaj rau muab lawv tso rau hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis hais txog lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab lub peev xwm, lawv yog cov tsheb uas muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (13-20) mm tuab thiab rab phom tshuab.
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab tau tsim 1248 T-34 thiab 503 T-28. Cov tsheb loj tau sawv cev los ntawm 432 KV-1, 204 KV-2 thiab 61 T-35.
Tag nrho ntawm 20829 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua chav kawm tau tsim, ntawm uas 18381 lub teeb, 1751 nruab nrab thiab 697 hnyav, nrog rau 4866 tso tsheb hlau luam amphibious.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, 2827 lub tso tsheb hlau luam (1574 Pz. I thiab 1253 Pz. II) thiab 1870 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab (1173 Pz. III thiab 697 Pz. IV) thiab 5 hnyav Nb. Nz.
Tom qab kev koom nrog Czechoslovakia xyoo 1938, 1007 lub teeb Czechoslovakian tso tsheb hlau luam (244 LT vz. 35 thiab 763 LT vz. 38) tau suav nrog hauv Wehrmacht, thiab tom qab kev swb ntawm Fabkis xyoo 1940, 2,152 lub tso tsheb hlau luam (704 FT17 (18), 48 FCM36, 600 N35, 800 R35), 297 S35 SOMUA tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab thiab 161 B1bis tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Wehrmacht muaj 8,319 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua chav kawm, suav nrog 5,986 lub teeb, 2,167 nruab nrab thiab 166 tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav.
Fabkis. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, Fab Kis muaj 2270 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, (1070 R35, 1000 N35, 100 FCM36), kwv yees li 1560 tsis siv lawm FT17 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam (18), 430 S35 nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, 403 B1bis tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav thiab ntau pua lwm hom teeb tso tsheb hlau luam tsim tawm hauv …
Hauv tag nrho, ua ntej ua tsov rog, Fab Kis pab tub rog muaj txog 4,655 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntau chav kawm, uas yog 3,830 lub teeb, 430 yog nruab nrab thiab 403 tau tso tsheb loj.
England. Thaum pib ua tsov rog, 1300 MkVI lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 3090 lub tank nruab nrab tau tsim hauv Askiv (139 Matilda I, 160 Medium MkII, 175 Mk II A10, 125 MkI A9, 1771 MkV, 655 Mk IV A13, 65 Mk III A13).
Hauv tag nrho, Askiv muaj 4390 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntau chav kawm, suav nrog 1300 lub teeb, 3090 nruab nrab. Tsis muaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav.
Tebchaws Asmeskas. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 990 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ntau chav kawm tau tsim, suav nrog 844 lub tso tsheb hlau luam lub teeb (148 M1 thiab 696 M2) thiab 146 Lub Tank M2 nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam. Tsis muaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav ib yam.
Vim li cas peb plam qhov pib ua tsov rog
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lawv cov lej sib piv, ntawm qhov ib sab, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab hauv peb cov neeg tsim lub tank, uas tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam ua ntej tsov rog uas tsis zoo dua thiab txawm tias zoo dua rau cov duab sab hnub poob, ntawm lwm qhov, cov lus nug tshwm sim, ua li cas puas yog nws tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog rau tus lej tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau lub sij hawm zoo tshaj rau German, peb yuav luag poob tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab rov qab rov qab deb.
Cov lus dab neeg qub uas avalanche ntawm lub zog German muaj zog tso rau peb tau raug tshem tawm ntev thiab cov duab muab tsuas yog lees paub qhov no. Peb tsis tau lees paub lawv zoo, tab sis ntau dua lawv ntau zaus hauv qhov ntau. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tau nyob deb ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, muaj zog Panthers thiab Tigers tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1942. Nrog rau qhov loj ntawm peb tus kheej tsis zoo tso tsheb hlau luam, peb tuaj yeem yooj yim dua sib nrug ntawm lub tank German sib dhos, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Vim li cas?
Tej zaum vim tias cov neeg Germans ua rau peb mob siab rau hauv lub tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv yog thawj tus tau txais lub tswv yim blitzkrieg, nyob rau hauv lub tank twg peb tog, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj, tub rog thiab kev ya dav hlau, dhau los ua lub zog loj rau kev tsoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kev tiv thaiv thiab ib puag ncig. Kev kov yeej tau npaj los ntawm rab phom loj thiab kev ya dav hlau, tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab, tso tsheb thauj mus los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev kov yeej thiab ua tiav kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Peb cov thawj coj ntawm txhua qib tsis tau npaj rau qhov no. Ntawm no, feem ntau yuav, ntau yam, ob qho tib si kev ua haujlwm thiab koom haum, tau cuam tshuam. Ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim tawm qub thiab tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub tank T-34 tseem "nyoos" thiab raug mob los ntawm "mob hnyav zuj zus", cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tank tau kawm tsis zoo thiab tsis paub siv cov cuab yeej siv li cas. Cov kab ke muab cov mos txwv thiab cov roj tau tsis tau teeb tsa, feem ntau cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua npaj yuav tsum tau tso tseg thiab lawv tsis tas yuav raug puas tsuaj. Lub koom haum tsis zoo ntawm kev kho thiab tshem tawm cov kev pabcuam coj mus rau qhov tseeb uas feem ntau tau tsoo tawm thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau zoo heev tsis tau khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog thiab raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me yog kev qhia zoo ntawm German tankers thiab lawv cov txuj ci zoo hauv kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tank thiab cov lus txib tau txais hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Poland thiab Fabkis hauv kev tswj hwm lub tank tank thiab tsim.
Cov teeb meem loj hauv Red Army kuj tseem muaj cov tswv yim siv tso tsheb hlau luam, kev tsis tau npaj ua ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hais kom ua ntawm txhua qib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qib siab tshaj plaws, los ua qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb thiab tsis meej pem ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog, ua rau poob ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tub rog, kev qhia nrawm ntawm cov kws kho tsheb thiab lub tank kom tshem tawm qhov kev kov yeej thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas tau npaj zoo tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj, cov tub rog thiab kev ya dav hlau, thiab tsis tsim nyog taug kev ntev mus ntev ntev tso cov cuab yeej tawm ntawm kev ua ua ntej nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Txhua qhov no tau cia siab tias tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm "kev ntshai loj", txhua tus pom li cas kev pib thiab kev ywj pheej dhau los tau xaus, cov thawj coj ci tshiab tau ntshai los ua tus kheej txoj haujlwm, ntshai fettered lawv cov kev ua thiab kev txiav txim siab tshaj tawm yam tsis suav nrog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tau xav tsis tau nqa tawm. Txhua qhov no ua rau muaj kev txaus ntshai thiab kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tib neeg, nws tau siv ntau xyoo thiab ntau txhiab lub neej los kho qhov ua yuam kev.
Hmoov tsis zoo, txhua qhov no tau tshwm sim tsis yog hauv 1941, txawm tias thaum sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorov thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, Rotmistrov tus tub rog thib tsib tau raug pov tseg yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj thiab dav hlau kom tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv sai sai tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv lub tank, saturated nrog rab phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tua phom. Cov tub rog tsis ua tiav txoj haujlwm thiab raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev (53% ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tau ploj lawm). Kev poob zoo li no tseem tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev sib ntaus sib tua yog tom qab tus yeeb ncuab thiab txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam raug rhuav tshem yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no, tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm uas ntsuas qhov laj thawj rau kev siv lub tank tsis ua tiav thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Cov lus xaus tau ua tiav, lub tank tshiab T-34-85 tau tshwm sim nrog lub zog tua hluav taws ntau dua, thiab cov tswv yim ntawm kev siv tso tsheb hlau luam tau hloov pauv tiag. Lub tank tsis tau nrawm los tsoo tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv, tsuas yog tom qab tsoo kev tiv thaiv nrog rab phom loj thiab dav hlau, lub tank tsim thiab chav nyob tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kov yeej rau kev ua haujlwm loj los puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab.
Txhua yam no tau tshwm sim tom qab, thiab thaum pib ua tsov rog, nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam zoo thiab tsis zoo, peb raug kev txom nyem thiab kawm tawm tsam. Ua ntej tsov rog, ntau dua 20 txhiab lub tso tsheb hlau luam, txawm hais tias tsis zoo tag nrho, tau tsim tawm, thiab tsuas yog lub tebchaws muaj zog heev tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm los npaj kev tsim cov tso tsheb loj thaum lub sijhawm ua rog. Hauv 30s, peb muaj peev xwm caum cuag cov tebchaws sab hnub poob hauv kev tsim lub tank thiab xaus kev ua tsov rog nrog Yeej, muaj kev pabcuam nrog cov qauv zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
