Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol

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Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol
Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol

Video: Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol

Video: Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol
Video: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | Teaser Trailer 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Tsov rog nrog Byzantine Empire

Coup hauv Byzantium. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 969, vim yog kev tawm tsam, Byzantine tus huab tais Nicephorus Phocas raug tua, thiab John Tzimiskes tau nyob ntawm lub zwm txwv huab tais. Nicephorus Phocas poob ntawm lub zenith ntawm nws lub yeeb koob: thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog tub rog tau ntes Antioch. Nicephorus ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov txiv plig. Nws yog tus tub rog hnyav thiab siab tawv, tsom mus rau kev rov tsim lub zog ntawm Byzantine Lub Tebchaws, muab tag nrho nws lub zog rau kev tawm tsam cov neeg Arab thiab kev tawm tsam rau yav qab teb Ltalis. Cov tsev muaj nyiaj nplua nuj tsis nyiam kev tshem tawm cov khoom kim heev thiab kev ua koob tsheej, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev siv nyiaj pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Basileus tau npaj los ua ntu zus ntawm kev hloov kho sab hauv lub hom phiaj txhawm rau kho kev ncaj ncees hauv zej zog. Nicephorus xav ua kom cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua rau neeg tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau lub koom txoos tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau uas ua rau nws yog lub tsev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Byzantine kev coj noj coj ua, cov txiv plig siab dua thiab kev coj noj coj ua tau ntxub "upstart". Nicephorus raug liam tias nws tsis yog los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab tsis muaj txoj cai los ua lub zwm txwv huab tais thaum yug los. Nws tsis muaj sijhawm los yeej qhov kev hwm ntawm cov neeg ib txwm muaj. Lub tebchaws tau raug kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm tus huab tais tau cim rau kev dag ntxias.

Nicephorus tau tuag lawm. Txawm tias nws tus poj niam tawm tsam nws. Tsarina Theophano, thaj, tsis nyiam asceticism thiab tsis quav ntsej txog kev zoo siab ntawm Nicephorus lub neej. Tus poj huab tais yav tom ntej pib nws txoj kev taug raws li tus ntxhais ntawm Constantinople shinkar (tus tswv ntawm lub tsev haus cawv) thiab tus niam ntiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, muaj peev xwm, muaj lub siab xav thiab tsis zoo tso cai rau nws los ua poj huab tais. Ua ntej, nws ntxias thiab swb tus tub hluas uas tau txais lub zwm txwv, Roman. Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm Basileus lub neej, nws tau tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo nrog tus thawj coj cog lus - Nikifor. Tom qab Nicephorus Phocas tuav lub zwm txwv, nws rov los ua poj huab tais. Theophano ua rau nws tus hlub ua phooj ywg zoo ntawm Nicephorus, John Tzimiskes. Theophano cia Tzimiskes thiab nws cov txiv neej mus rau huab tais chav pw, thiab Nicephorus raug tua tuag. Ua ntej nws tuag, tus huab tais tau thuam. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias Tzimiskes yog tus tub ntawm Nicephorus Phocas, nws niam yog Phocas tus viv ncaus.

Kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ua rau lub tebchaws Byzantine tsis muaj zog, uas nyuam qhuav pib "sau pob zeb". Nicephorus kev kov yeej nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj - hauv Cilicia, Phenicia thiab Kelesiria - yuav luag ploj tag. Hauv Cappadocia, hauv Asia Minor, tus tub ntawm tus huab tais tuag, tus thawj coj Varda Foka, tau tsa kev tawm tsam uas muaj zog, uas tau sib sau ua tub rog muaj zog ntawm Fok tsev neeg. Nws pib tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv. Tus kwv yau ntawm Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas, Phocas Leo tau sim ntxeev siab tawm tsam Tzimisce hauv Thrace.

Raws li cov xwm txheej no, Kalokir, uas tuaj rau Bulgaria nrog cov tub rog Lavxias, tau txais txoj hauv kev los tuav lub zwm txwv. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm. Ntau tshaj ib zaug lossis ob zaug nyob rau ntau pua xyoo muaj zog ua piv txwv rau lub zwm txwv Byzantine tau tsa cov neeg tawm tsam, hloov lawv cov tub rog hauv qab mus rau lub peev, thiab coj cov tub rog txawv teb chaws mus rau Byzantine Empire. Lwm tus tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej lossis tsis ua tiav lub tsev tu plaub. Qhov muaj hmoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj peev xwm dhau los ua tus tshiab basileus.

Npaj rau kev ua tsov ua rog, thawj qhov kev sib cav

Raws li John I ntawm Tzimiskes, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Byzantium thiab Russia tau dhau los ua yeeb ncuab. Tus tub huabtais Lavxias, raws li Vasily Tatishchev, tau kawm los ntawm cov neeg Bulgarians raug ntes tias kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Bulgarian ntawm Pereyaslavets tau ua tiav ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Constantinople thiab cov neeg Greek tau cog lus tias yuav pab rau tsoomfwv Bulgarian. Nws kuj tau kawm paub tias cov neeg Greek tau tsim kev sib koom tes nrog Bulgarians tawm tsam Lavxias tus tub huabtais. Ntxiv mus, Constantinople tam sim no tsis tshwj xeeb zais nws lub hom phiaj. Tzimiskes tau xa ib tus neeg sawv cev mus rau Pereyaslavets, uas tau thov los ntawm Svyatoslav tias nws, tau txais khoom plig los ntawm Nicephorus, rov qab los rau nws cov khoom. Txij li thaum Svyatoslav tawm mus tua Pechenegs, Tsoomfwv Byzantine nres tsis them se rau Russia.

Tus Grand Duke teb sai: Cov neeg Lavxias ua ntej tau muab tshem tawm los ua phem rau thaj tsam Byzantine, thaum ua kev soj xyuas. Kev ua tsov rog tsis tau tshaj tawm tau pib. John Tzimiskes, nyuam qhuav txeeb lub zwm txwv, tau ntsib nrog qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm Rus rau ntawm Byzantine cov khoom. Yog li, Svyatoslav Igorevich, rov qab mus rau Pereyaslavets, hloov tam sim ntawd txoj cai txwv rau Byzantium. Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau qhib. Tus tub huabtais tseem muaj lub laj thawj raug cai - Svyatoslav tau pom zoo nrog Nikifor Foka, thiab tsis yog Tzimiskes. Nikifor, ib tus phoojywg zoo ntawm Svyatoslav, tau raug tua tuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Hungarians, cov phoojywg ntawm Rus, tau ua haujlwm ntau dua. Thaum lub sijhawm Svyatoslav cawm nws lub peev los ntawm Pechenegs, cov Hungarians tau tsoo lub tshuab ntawm Byzantium. Lawv mus txog Thexalaunika. Cov neeg Greek yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub zog tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Constantinople thiab Kiev sib pauv tshuab. Bribed los ntawm Byzantines, Pechenezh cov thawj coj coj lawv cov tub rog mus rau Kiev thawj zaug. Thiab Svyatoslav, paub lossis kwv yees leej twg yog tus liam rau Pechenezh kev ntxeem tau, xa cov kws sawv cev rau Buda thiab nug cov thawj coj Hungarian kom tawm tsam Byzantium.

Tam sim no lub qhov ncauj tau poob lawm. Cov neeg Greek, ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis yog kub lossis tsis tsoo ntawm Pechenegs tau ua rau Svyatoslav txiav txim siab los nyob ntawm Danube, nthuav tawm qhov kawg, Lavxias tus tub huabtais tsis kam. Cov neeg Bulgarians tau koom nrog kev koom tes nrog Svyatoslav. Rus tau rhuav tshem thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws tau mus rau kev ua tsov rog loj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm rau kev sib ntaus nrog Svyatoslav tsis yooj yim. Cov Arabs tau kov yeej thaj chaw uas nyob hauv Nicephorus Phoca thiab sim rov ua dua Antioch. Varda Fock tau tawm tsam. Rau xyoo thib peb twb dhau los, lub tebchaws tau raug tsim txom los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, tshwj xeeb yog ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 970, ua rau cov neeg tsis txaus siab. Bulgaria sib cais. Lub tebchaws Sab Hnub Poob Bulgarian sib cais los ntawm Preslav, uas pib ua raws txoj cai tiv thaiv Byzantine.

Hauv cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg no, Byzantine Basileus tshiab tau ua pov thawj los ua tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam thiab txiav txim siab yuav lub sijhawm los ntawm Svyatoslav txhawm rau txhawm rau sib sau cov tub rog tawg nyob thoob plaws lub fema (cov tub rog-tswj hwm cheeb tsam ntawm Byzantine Empire). Lub tebchaws tshiab tau xa mus rau tus tub huabtais Lavxias thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 970. Cov neeg Lavxias tau thov kom cov neeg Greek them se, uas Constantinople tau ua lub luag haujlwm them raws li kev cog lus yav dhau los. Cov neeg Greek pom zoo pom zoo thaum xub thawj. Tab sis lawv tau ua si rau lub sijhawm, lawv pib sau cov tub rog muaj zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Greek tau thov kom thim cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm Danube. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich, raws li Byzantine chronicler Leo the Deacon, tau npaj tawm mus, tab sis thov kom muaj kev txhiv loj loj rau cov nroog sab laug ntawm Danube. Txwv tsis pub, Svyatoslav tau hais tias, "thov lawv (cov neeg Greek) txav chaw los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, uas tsis yog rau lawv, mus rau Asia; tab sis tsis txhob npau suav tias Tavro-Scythians (Rus) yuav rov qab los nrog lawv yam tsis muaj qhov no."

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Svyatoslav tsis tau tawm mus, nthuav tawm cov kev xav tau nyuaj rau cov neeg Greek. Tus tub huabtais Lavxias tsis tau npaj yuav tawm ntawm Danube, uas nws xav ua kom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws lub xeev. Tab sis kev sib tham txuas ntxiv mus. Lub Byzantines tau yuav lub sijhawm. Svyatoslav kuj xav tau nws. Thaum cov neeg sawv cev Greek tau sim hais lus dag thiab dag Svyatoslav Igorevich hauv Pereyaslavets, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias tus tub huabtais twb dhau mus rau Pechenezh thiab Hungarian cov khoom. Hungarians yog cov phooj ywg qub ntawm Russia thiab cov yeeb ncuab tas li ntawm Byzantium. Lawv cov tub rog niaj hnub hem lub tebchaws Byzantine. Cov tub rog Hungarian txhawb pab tub rog ntawm Svyatoslav xyoo 967 thiab xyoo 968 tau tawm tsam thaj av Byzantine ntawm nws qhov kev thov. Thiab tam sim no Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich tau rov hu cov phooj ywg los tawm tsam nrog Byzantium. Tus Byzantine chronicler John Skylitsa paub txog Svyatoslav tus sawv cev rau Ugrians. Tatishchev kuj tau tshaj tawm txog lub koomhaum no. Hauv "Keeb Kwm Russia" nws tau hais tias thaum kev sib tham tau mus ntawm tus sawv cev ntawm Tzimiskes thiab Svyatoslav, tus tub huabtais Lavxias tsuas muaj 20 txhiab tus tub rog, txij li cov Hungarians, Ncej thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm Kiev tseem tsis tau los txog. Lwm qhov chaw tsis tshaj tawm txog Tus Kheej, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj kev sib cav ntawm Russia thiab Poland, yog li qee tus tub rog Polish tuaj yeem ua zoo nrog Svyatoslav. Kev ua kev cai raus dej ntawm Poland raws li tus qauv Roman tau pib ntawm lub xyoo puag ncig ntawm 10 - 11th thiab tau kav ntev txog rau xyoo pua 13th, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lub xeev Polish tau dhau los ua yeeb ncuab ntawm Russia.

Muaj kev tawm tsam rau cov thawj coj Pechenezh. Constantinople paub zoo kawg nkaus tus nqi thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom tes nrog lawv. Txawm tias huab tais Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, tus sau tsab ntawv "Ntawm kev tswj hwm lub teb chaws", tau sau tias thaum Roman tus huab tais (hauv Constantinople lawv xav tias lawv tus kheej yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Rome) nyob hauv kev thaj yeeb nrog Pechenegs, tsis yog Rus, lossis Hungarians tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub xeev Roman. Txawm li cas los xij, Pechenegs tseem tau saib rau hauv Kiev raws li lawv cov phooj ywg. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua phem ntawm Russia thiab Pechenegs rau lub sijhawm los ntawm 920 txog 968. Thiab qhov no hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua ntawm ciam teb ntawm "hav zoov thiab steppe" hauv lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm yog qhov tsawg heev, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txawm tias muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, Pechenegs (pom tseeb, tib qho kev tawg ntawm Scythian-Sarmatian ntiaj teb, zoo li Russia) ua ntu zus ua phooj ywg ntawm Rus. Xyoo 944, Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich coj "Great Skuf (Scythia)" mus rau Byzantine Empire, Pechenegs yog ib feem ntawm pab tub rog sib koom. Thaum kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tau xaus nrog Constantinople, Igor xa Pechenegs los tawm tsam cov neeg Bulgarians. Cov kws sau ntawv sab hnub tuaj kuj tshaj tawm txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Rus thiab Pechenegs. Tus kws sau keeb kwm Arab thiab tus neeg taug kev ntawm xyoo pua 10 Ibn Haukal hu Pechenegs "pos ntawm Rusies thiab lawv lub zog." Xyoo 968, Byzantines tuaj yeem xaum ib feem ntawm Pechenezh caj ces, thiab lawv tau mus txog Kiev. Txawm li cas los xij, Svyatoslav tau rau txim rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees. Los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog nrog Byzantium, Pechenezh kev sib cais tau koom nrog pab tub rog ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich.

Npaj rau kev ua tsov rog nrog Lub Tebchaws Byzantine, tus tub huabtais Lavxias kuj tau saib xyuas Bulgaria txoj cai txawv tebchaws. Tsar tsoomfwv tau khi rau txoj cai ntawm Svyatoslav. Qhov no muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau qhov tseeb. Bulgarians ua tus coj, Bulgarian cov tub rog tau tawm tsam nrog cov neeg Greek ua ib feem ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias. Rus thiab Bulgarians ua ke tiv thaiv lub nroog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Bulgaria tau dhau los ua phooj ywg ntawm Russia. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo uas nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm Tsar Boris, cov neeg siab zoo uas pom qhov kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm kev sib cav, Grecophile kab ntawm Preslava txoj cai yeej. Bulgaria, dhau los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm Byzantine tog, sib cais thiab tau nyob ze ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Byzantium ob zaug nthuav tawm Bulgaria mus rau Rus. Ntxiv mus, Svyatoslav Igorevich, thaum nws ua qhov phiaj xwm Danube zaum thib ob thiab nyob Pereyaslavets dua, tuaj yeem ntes Preslav tau yooj yim. Tab sis Lavxias tus tub huabtais tau tso tseg tsis txhob tawm tsam Bulgarians, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem ntes tau tag nrho lub tebchaws: Cov tub rog Bulgarian tau swb, thiab kev coj noj coj ua tsis ncaj ncees. Svyatoslav Igorevich pom cov kev ua xyem xyav thiab kev xav tsis txaus, nws tau sim tshem tawm "kab thib tsib" hauv Bulgaria, uas tau tsom mus rau Byzantium. Yog li, nws rhuav tshem cov neeg koom nrog hauv Pereyaslavets, vim lawv tus tswv xeev Volk raug yuam kom tawm hauv nroog. Twb dhau lub sijhawm ua rog nrog Byzantium, Svyatoslav tau ua phem rau qee tus neeg raug kaw (pom tseeb, cov neeg Greek thiab pro-Byzantine Bulgarians) hauv Philippopolis (Plovdiv), uas nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog Byzantium thiab yog lub chaw ruaj khov ntawm Byzantine tog. Nyob rau theem ob ntawm kev ua tsov rog, kev koom tes hauv Dorostol yuav raug tshem tawm, thaum lub sij hawm cov neeg Loos raug kaw.

Thaum qhov kev sib tham tau mus, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua phem rau cov tebchaws Greek, ua kev soj qab xyuas hauv lub zog. Cov thawj coj Loos, uas tau hais kom cov tub rog nyob hauv Macedonia thiab Thrace, tsis tuaj yeem txwv lawv. Cov phoojywg Hungarian thiab Pechenezh tau koom nrog Svyatoslav cov tub rog. Lub sijhawm no, ob tog tau npaj ua rog. Tus thawj coj Barda Sklir thiab tus yawg koob Peter - nws swb cov neeg Asmelikas ntawm Antioch, tau txais kev xaj kom taug kev European cov khoom ntawm Byzantium. Lub tebchaws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv lub zog tseem ceeb mus rau Balkan Peninsula. Emperor John Tzimiskes tau cog lus tias nws yuav tawm tsam nrog nws tus neeg tiv thaiv "Scythians", vim tias "nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv lawv qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntxiv lawm." Cov thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws hauv Byzantine tau xaj kom tiv thaiv tus ciam teb thiab ua tus saib xyuas, xa cov neeg saib xyuas hla ciam teb hauv "Scythian hnav". Lub nkoj tau npaj lawm. Hauv Adrianople, lawv pib mob siab rau cov khoom siv riam phom, zaub mov thiab khoom noj. Lub teb chaws Ottoman tau npaj rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg.

Kev sib tham tau tawg tawm. Cov sawv cev ntawm Tzimiskes pib hem rau Lavxias tus tub huabtais sawv cev ntawm Byzantine Basileus: tshwj xeeb, lawv nco txog Svyatoslav ntawm kev swb ntawm nws txiv Igor hauv 941, thaum ib feem ntawm Lavxias lub nkoj tau raug rhuav tshem nrog kev pab ntawm qhov hu ua. "Greek hluav taws". Cov neeg Loos tau hem kom rhuav tshem cov tub rog Lavxias. Svyatoslav tau teb tam sim nrog kev cog lus tias yuav ua lub tsev pheeb suab ze Constantinople thiab koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab: "Peb yuav ua siab tawv ntsib nws thiab qhia nws hauv kev coj ua uas peb tsis yog qee tus kws tshaj lij uas khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm peb txhais tes, tab sis cov txiv neej ntawm cov ntshav uas swb tus yeeb ncuab nrog riam phom ". Lavxias keeb kwm tseem piav txog lub sijhawm no. Svyatoslav xa neeg mus rau cov neeg Greek nrog cov lus: "Kuv xav mus thiab coj koj lub nroog, zoo li lub nroog no," uas yog Pereyaslavets.

Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol
Tsov rog ntawm Svyatoslav nrog Byzantium. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol

"Svyatoslav rab ntaj". Ntaj ntawm "Varangian" hom pom nyob hauv Dnieper River ze rau cov kob ntawm Khortitsa thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 2011. Qhov hnyav txog 1 kg, muaj qhov ntev ntawm 96 cm. Hnub tim mus rau nruab nrab ntawm X caug xyoo.

Thawj theem ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Arcadiopol

Hauv Constantinople, lawv xav tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, pib tawm tsam los ntawm Balkans mus rau Northern Bulgaria, thaum lub roob hla tsis muaj daus thiab txoj kev pib qhuav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam ua ntej. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev npaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev tawm tsam tom ntej, cov neeg soj xyuas-Bulgarians, ceeb toom rau tus yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Tus tub rog tub rog nws tus kheej tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Constantinople-Constantinople. Cov xov xwm no yog rau Tzimiskes thiab nws cov thawj coj zoo li xob quaj. Svyatoslav Igorevich cuam tshuam cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm thiab sib xyaw txhua daim npav rau tus yeeb ncuab, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ua tiav kev npaj rau kev sib tw.

Tsis ntev los no tau pom meej tias qhov kev tawm tsam sai ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab lawv cov phoojywg yog qhov yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem nres. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 970, cov tub rog ntawm Svyatoslav Igorevich nrog xob laim hla los ntawm qis mus txog ntawm Danube hla roob Balkan. Cov Rus, nrog kev pab los ntawm Bulgarian cov lus qhia, tawg lossis hla dhau cov neeg Roman tawm ntawm lub roob hla thiab hla kev ua tsov rog mus rau Thrace thiab Macedonia. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ntes ntau lub nroog ciam teb. Lawv kuj tseem rov txhim kho lub nroog tseem ceeb hauv Thrace, Philippopolis, uas tau raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg Greek ua ntej lawm. Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm Byzantine Leo the Deacon, Lavxias tus thawj coj tau tua ntau txhiab tus "Grekophiles" ntawm no. Tsis tas li hauv Thrace, pab tub rog ntawm Patrician Peter raug swb, txij li lub sijhawm ua tsov rog Byzantine cov neeg mob ntev "tsis nco qab" txog tus thawj coj no.

Cov tub rog Lavxias tau taug kev hla mus rau Constantinople. Thaum dhau mus txog 400 kis lus mev, Svyatoslav cov tub rog tau mus txog ntawm lub fortress ntawm Arkadiopol (niaj hnub Luleburgaz), nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no Varda Sklir tuav kev tiv thaiv. Raws li lwm qhov chaw, kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus ntawm thawj theem ntawm Lavxias-Byzantine kev ua tsov rog tau tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Byzantine loj ntawm Adrianople (niaj hnub no Edirne). Raws li Leo tus Thawj Coj, Svyatoslav muaj 30 txhiab tus tub rog, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog Byzantine yog 10 txhiab tus neeg. Cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias hais txog 10 txhiab tus tub rog Lavxias (Svyatoslav cov tub rog tau nce qib hauv ntau qhov kev sib cais), thiab 100 txhiab tus tub rog Greek.

Raws li Byzantine chronicler, ob tog pom kev ua siab ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, "kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua ntej ua ntej ntawm ib tus, tom qab ntawd nyiam rau lwm pab tub rog." Cov neeg Greek tau tuaj yeem kov yeej Pechenezh qhov kev tshem tawm, muab nws ya mus. Cov tub rog Lavxias kuj tshee hnyo. Tom qab ntawd Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich tig mus rau nws cov tub rog nrog cov lus uas dhau los ua lus dab neeg: "Cia peb tsis txaj muag rau tebchaws Russia, tab sis cia peb pw nrog cov pob txha, tuag imam tsis yog txaj muag. Yog tias peb khiav tawm, txaj muag imam. Tsis txhob khiav mus rau imam, tab sis cia peb sawv khov kho, thiab kuv yuav los ua ntej koj: yog tias kuv lub taub hau pw, ces muab rau koj tus kheej. " Thiab cov neeg Lavxias tau tawm tsam, thiab muaj kev tua neeg zoo, thiab Svyatoslav yeej.

Raws li Leo the Deacon, Cov tub rog Greek tau yeej txoj kev yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj pov thawj txaus tias Byzantine chronicler cuam tshuam qhov tseeb keeb kwm los ntawm kev tso kev nom kev tswv siab dua qhov kev xav. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua xov xwm nyob deb ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias cov neeg nyob puag puag thaum ub ntawm Rome thiab Constantinople hauv txhua txoj hauv kev tau hais tias "barbarians" los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb, suav nrog txhua qhov zoo thiab yeej rau "tsim tau zoo" Greek thiab Loos. Suffice nws los hais txog qhov tsis sib xws thiab ncaj ncees dag ntawm Leo tus Thawj Coj. Tus kws kho mob hais tias ntau pawg tub rog tau tawm tsam thiab "kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov ua tau zoo ua ntej ntawm ib tus, tom qab ntawd pom zoo rau lwm pab tub rog", uas yog, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev poob - 55 tua Loos (!) Thiab 20 txhiab nrog superfluous (!!) ntawm Scythians tuag. Thaj chaw, "Scythians" raug tua los ntawm rab phom tshuab?! Qhov tseeb dag.

Ib qho ntxiv, muaj pov thawj ntawm kev koom nrog ncaj qha rau cov xwm txheej - Greek Npis Sov John. Lub tsev teev ntuj hierarch, tam sim no cov tub rog Lavxias tau mus txog Constantinople, tig nrog cov lus iab mus rau tus neeg tua neeg huab tais Nikifor Foke, qhia txog kev tsis ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Tzimiskes: "… sawv tam sim no, huab tais, thiab sib sau ua ke pab tub rog, phalanxes thiab regiments. Kev tawm tsam Lavxias tau maj nrawm rau peb. " Ib tus yuav tsum xav tias Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo, txawm hais tias nws piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog no tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj kev ntseeg siab dua thaum nws tshaj tawm tias Svyatoslav, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua phem no, tau mus rau Constantinople, sib ntaus thiab tsoo lub nroog, uas tseem tsis muaj dab tsi.

Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, thaum yeej pab tub rog Svyatoslav tau nyob ze li 100 kilometers ntawm Constantinople, cov neeg Greek tau thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, cov neeg Greek tau rov dag, sim Svyatoslav los ntawm kev xa nws ntau yam khoom plig. Tus tub huabtais tseem tsis quav ntsej txog kub thiab pob zeb muaj nqi, tab sis qhuas riam phom. Byzantine cov kws pab tswv yim muab tswv yim los them khoom plig: "Tus txiv neej no yuav ua rau hnyav, vim nws tsis quav ntsej txog nyiaj txiag, tab sis siv riam phom." Qhov no yog pov thawj ntxiv ntawm Greek kev dag ntxias txog kev yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov neeg Loos tuaj yeem yeej hauv ib qho ntawm kev sib cav, dhau ntawm chav pabcuam, tab sis tsis yog hauv kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus. Vim li cas lwm tus yuav lawv thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Yog tias feem coob ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias (20 txhiab tus tub rog) tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab seem tau tawg tawg, nws pom tseeb tias tom qab ntawd Tzimiskes yuav tsis muaj laj thawj los nrhiav kev sib tham txog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab them se. Emperor John Tzimiskes nyob rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsum npaj kev nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab, ntes nws cov tub rog, hla Balkan roob thiab, ntawm xub pwg ntawm Svyatoslav cov tub rog, tsoo rau Veliky Preslav, thiab tom qab ntawd Pereyaslavets. Thiab ntawm no cov neeg Greek tau thov nrog Svyatoslav Igorevich kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

Thawj theem ntawm kev ua rog nrog Byzantine Empire tau xaus rau kev yeej rau Svyatoslav. Tab sis Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav tsis muaj lub zog los txuas ntxiv kev sib tw thiab cua daj cua dub loj rau Constantinople. Cov tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav thiab xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv thiab so. Yog li ntawd, tus tub huabtais pom zoo rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Constantinople raug yuam kom them se thiab pom zoo nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Svyatoslav ntawm Danube. Svyatoslav "… mus rau Pereyaslavets nrog qhuas zoo." Rus, Bulgarians, Hungarians thiab Pechenegs sab laug Thrace thiab Macedonia. Qhov tseeb, Russia thiab Byzantium rov qab los rau lub xeev ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm 967, xaus ntawm Svyatoslav thiab Nikifor Foka. Lub tebchaws Byzantine tau rov pib them nyiaj txhua xyoo rau Kiev, tau pom zoo nrog lub tebchaws Rus nyob hauv Danube. Russia tau tshaj tawm cov lus thov rau sab qaum teb Dub Hiav Txwv thiab Crimean cov khoom ntawm Byzantium. Txwv tsis pub, cov cai ntawm Lavxias-Byzantine kev cog lus ntawm 944 tau khaws cia.

Byzantine cov peev txheej tsis tshaj tawm qhov kev pom zoo no, uas nkag siab tau. Lub tebchaws Byzantine raug kev txom nyem hnyav los ntawm "cov neeg phem", tab sis nws yuav sai sai no ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab. Thiab keeb kwm, raws li koj paub, tau sau los ntawm cov yeej. Cov neeg Loos tsis xav tau qhov tseeb txog qhov swb ntawm lawv cov tub rog uas muaj zog los ntawm "Scythian" tus tub huabtais. Constantinople tau mus rau kev thaj yeeb los npaj rau kev ua tsov rog tshiab.

Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj laj thawj tsis ntseeg cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm, vim tib yam Byzantine cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm tias kev ua phem raug tshem tawm, thiab Barda Sklir tau rov qab los ntawm Balkan pem hauv ntej mus rau Asia Minor txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Barda Phoca. Hauv Constantinople, kev pom zoo kev thaj yeeb tau suav hais tias yog kev ncua hauv kev ua phem, kev ua phem rau tub rog, thiab tsis yog kev thaj yeeb nyob mus ib txhis. Cov lus txib Byzantine tau sim rov kho qhov kev txiav txim nyob tom qab, rov ua rog dua thiab npaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg hauv 971. Svyatoslav thaj txiav txim siab tias qhov kev sib tw tau yeej thiab yuav tsis muaj kev tawm tsam kev ua phem rau yav tom ntej. Cov phoojywg - pab Pechenezh thiab Hungarian kev sib cais, tus tub huabtais Lavxias tau tso tseg. Nws tau coj lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias mus rau Pereyaslavets, tawm hauv qhov chaw me me hauv Bulgarian peev - Preslav. Tsis muaj tub rog Lavxias nyob hauv lwm lub nroog Bulgarian. Pliska thiab lwm lub chaw nyob lawv tus kheej lub neej. Kev ua tsov rog tsis cuam tshuam rau Sab Hnub Poob Bulgarian lub tebchaws, uas tau tawm tsam Byzantium. Txawm hais tias Svyatoslav tuaj yeem xaus kev koom tes nrog West Bulgarian lub nceeg vaj. Yog tias Svyatoslav tau swb thiab thim rov qab, nws yuav tau coj tus yam ntxwv txawv. Nws yuav tsis tso ntawm cov phoojywg, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws ntxiv dag zog rau lawv qib, hu rau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm thaj av ntawm Pechenegs, Hungarians thiab Kiev. Nws tau tsom nws lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub roob hla mus txhawm rau rov ua phem rau cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Tau txais kev txhawb ntxiv, Kuv yuav tau pib tawm tsam. Svyatoslav, ntawm qhov tod tes, coj tus yam ntxwv zoo li tus yeej, tsis cia siab tias yuav raug ntxeev siab los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab swb, uas nws tus kheej tau thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

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