Hauv tsab xov xwm "Slavs ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Lub Xeev" peb tau hais txog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib tsim ntawm cov Slavs ntawm lub xeev ua ntej lub xeev thiab txoj cai txawv teb chaws.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, kev txav chaw tshiab ntawm Slavs tau pib, uas tau nyob hauv tag nrho Balkan Peninsula (saib daim duab qhia chaw), thaj tsam ntawm sab hnub tuaj Alps, tau pib tsim thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub no East Germany thiab thaj tsam ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav txwv Baltic.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tebchaws muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab muaj npe thaum ntxov ntawm Slavs, Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Samo, tau tsim.
Thawj. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom, kev tsim lub xeev yog txheej txheem ntev; nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov kws sau keeb kwm tau txheeb xyuas tus lej ntawm cov theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim ua ntej lub xeev thiab lub xeev thaum ntxov, sib piv nrog kev tsim qauv. Tseeb, ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no txuas ntxiv. Qhov no feem ntau yog hais txog cov neeg European.
Xav txog lub xeev nkaus xwb raws li lub tsev haujlwm ntawm kev ua phem nyob hauv yav dhau los; ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev nyab xeeb, tsim nyog rau zej zog nws tus kheej. Nws yog lawv uas tau pab txhawb kev tsim lub xeev thaum ntxov (lub sijhawm uas peb yuav rov hais dua ntau dua ib zaug, hais txog kev pib ua lub xeev ntawm cov neeg Slavs).
Thib ob. Hauv kab lus ntawm kab lus tshaj tawm ntawm "VO", peb ib kauj ruam tshuaj xyuas qhov kev txhim kho ntawm Slavs, tau piav qhia hauv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm niaj hnub no.
Cia peb rov hais dua: qhov kev lag luam qeeb ntawm Slavs los ntawm lawv cov Indo-European counterparts, piv txwv li, Sab Hnub Tuaj Germans, tau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim tom qab ntawm Slavs ua pawg neeg, cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog kuj ua rau txoj kev loj hlob no qeeb (Goths, Huns, Avars), tab sis, tau dhau los ntawm cov keeb kwm vicissitudes, cov Slavs tau mus txog qhov tsim ntawm lub xeev thaum ntxov.
Ib zaug ntxiv txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej
Kev swb yeej raug kev txom nyem los ntawm "nom tswv nom tswv" ntawm Avars ze Constantinople yog tus txhawb rau thaum pib ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub xeev steppe. Qhov no tau xav txog hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los: thaj chaw faus neeg ntawm lub sijhawm no tau ua rau neeg txom nyem ntau dua li yav dhau los, thiab qhov no tshwm sim txog rau xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 7. (Dime F., Somogii P.).
Kev ua ntawm Slavs thiab Bulgars tawm tsam Avar hegemony hauv Danube tau pib hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, txawm tias ua ntej kev tawm tsam ntawm Kagan tawm tsam Constantinople. Thiab Avars lawv tus kheej tau nyob deb ntawm haiv neeg kev sib koom ua ke, txij li kev tsim cov zej zog no tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm txav ntawm Avars lossis "pseudo-Avars" los ntawm Central Asia mus rau steppes ntawm Eastern Europe, thiab coob leej ntawm lwm pab pawg tau koom nrog lawv. Hungary sib txawv hauv kev nthuav dav los ntawm kev sib hais haum mus rau kev sib hais haum. Qhov no yog pov thawj ncaj qha los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm 602, thaum ib feem ntawm Avars dhau mus rau Byzantine huab tais.
Feem ntau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj lub tswv yim hais txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm Avars nrog Slavs, uas Byzantine cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau tsis meej pem ib qho thiab lwm qhov, hu rau Slavs hauv kev xa Avars. Zoo li yog txhawb nqa cov lus sib cav no, Fredegar zaj dab neeg hais tias kev tawm tsam Avars tau tsa los ntawm cov menyuam Slavs yug los ntawm Avars. Zaj dab neeg no nco txog "phiaj xwm ya" ntau dua li qhov xav txog ntawm cov xwm txheej tiag: nws yog "tus quab" nws tus kheej, uas yog qhov xwm txheej nyuaj heev, uas yog vim li cas rau Slavic txav mus rau Avars.
Qhov tseeb, tus neeg siv tus cwj pwm no rau tib neeg cov peev txheej tau los ntawm Avar system nws tus kheej, thiab tau zoo ib yam rau lub sijhawm no. Peb muaj lub sijhawm los tsim kho cov kab ke no raws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog ntawm Turks.
Cov Turks, uas tau txais lawv thawj lub xeev "kev paub dhau los" hauv lub xeev Jujans lossis Avars, yog lawv "qhev", muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kagan yog saib xyuas nws cov neeg nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj, nthuav nws cov ciam teb thiab muaj nyiaj. Lub ntiaj teb zoo li tau muab faib ua nws tus kheej "xeev" thiab rau cov yeeb ncuab uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua "qhev" ntawm qib sib txawv thiab qib, lossis tuag. Yog li, ob qho tib si Antes thiab Byzantium tau them "khoom plig" rau Avars.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Pannonia tau vam khom Avars, tab sis tsim nyog nyob rau xyoo pua 7. ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Lake Balaton, hu ua Keszthean (Kestel) kev coj noj coj ua nrog cov neeg Roman cov neeg txawj ntse (AK Ambroz).
Tab sis qhov no tsis tau hloov pauv qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb: txhua pawg neeg hauv qab ntawm Bulgars, Gepids thiab Slavs, cov neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam uas nyiam ua neeg nyob thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Byzantium tau raug suav tias yog "qhev" ntawm Avars.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau ntawm "cov ntsiab lus" (υπήκóους) yog qhov tseeb Slavs, raws li qhia los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm (Sedov V. V.).
Tsis tas yuav tsum tsis meej pem ua tiav kev ua qhev thiab lub tsev haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas qis, uas muaj lub npe zoo sib xws. Thaum Turkic Yshbar Kagan tau muab los ua vassal ntawm Sui huab tais Kin-tse thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua thib 6, lawv tau piav qhia nws lub tswvyim no, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem pom: raws li peb lo lus qhev”(Bichurin N. Ya.)
Kev ua phem raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj hwm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv ntawm Avar kagan, uas yog los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv ntawm "lub xeev" thiab lub ntiaj teb, thiab nws yog ib qho uas nyob ntawm qhov me ntsis tsis muaj zog ntawm lawv cov tub rog thawj haiv neeg. cov qauv, cov neeg hauv qab tau tawm tsam tam sim ntawd lossis poob mus. Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv 20s-30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 7.
Alpine Slavs
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Slavs ntawm pab pawg Slovenian mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Alps tau pib hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua thib 6, ua ntej, vim kev rov qab los ntawm Lombards los ntawm Panonia mus rau Ltalis, thiab qhov thib ob, nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm Avars. Ntawm no, ntawm txoj kev hla kev ntawm txoj kev txoj hauv kev, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Karantana tau tsim, tam sim no thaj chaw ntawm Slovenia, qee thaj tsam ntawm alpine ib feem ntawm Austria thiab Ltalis. Ntawm no Slovenian Union raug yuam kom cuam tshuam nrog ntau txoj hauv kev nrog cov tub rog muaj zog nyob ze: Avars, Lombards thiab Franks. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 599, Avars sawv rau Slavs nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Drava River, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Alps, hauv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam lub xeev thaum ntxov ntawm Bavars. Thiab hauv 605 ib pab tub rog los ntawm Slavs hla cov kev txwv no tau xa los ntawm kagan mus rau Ltalis mus rau Lombards. Lawv tau pom tseeb tsis yog los ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, txij li cov av no rau qee lub sijhawm poob rau kev vam khom ntawm Friulian duke, uas yog, Lombards.
Hauv 611 lossis 612, Alpine Slavs twb tau muaj peev xwm los tua tus Bavarians los ntawm Tyrol. Cov Bavars yog pab pawg pab pawg muaj zog uas ua tiav kev tawm tsam Franks uas yog tus tswj kav Western Europe.
Ib qho xov tooj ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas peb paub txog ua tim khawv rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog lub zog ntawm Alpine Slavs, uas ua rau kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg zej zog muaj zog.
Txoj kev sib koom ua ke tau ua nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb Slavic, tab sis kev hloov pauv mus rau lub xeev, zoo li lwm qhov, tau txwv los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg qub qub: kev hloov pauv mus rau zej zog ib puag ncig tseem tsis tau tshwm sim.
Hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 7. qhov kev tsim lub xeev thaum ntxov no suav nrog lossis koom nrog thawj lub xeev Slavic ntawm Samo, thiab tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm lub koom haum no, nws tau sim ua nws tus kheej ntawm cov koom haum muaj zog nom tswv thiab tub rog lub xeev.
Sab hnub poob Slavs
Thaum peb tham txog sab hnub poob ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntawm Slavins lossis Sklavins, uas tau tsim zej zog ntawm Alpine thiab Western Slavs, nrog rau yav tom ntej tuaj txog ntawm pawg neeg pab pawg Antic ntawm no.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 6, cov neeg Slavs (Prague-Korchak keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua) tau nce mus txog qib nruab nrab ntawm Elbe (Laba), thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 7. ntawm txoj cai hauv paus ntawm Elbe - Havel (hauv Serbian - Gavola) thiab cov dej num tom kawg - Spree (muaj Berlin ntawm cov dej no). Cov pab pawg Slavic ntawm Tornowska kab lis kev cai lossis Lusatians thiab Ryusen kab lis kev cai - Sorbs (Serbs) nyob, feem, Luzhitsa, thiab Sorbs nyob thaj tsam ntawm Saale (ob lub txhab nyiaj) thiab Elbe. Yog li, ob pawg neeg Slavic tau tsim nyob hauv thaj chaw no. Sorbs lossis Serbs, pom tseeb ib feem ntawm pab pawg neeg Antic, nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tub rog sib cav nrog Slovenes uas tau nyob ntawm no, piv txwv li, kev tiv thaiv pos (kev sib hais haum hauv Spree River phiab) tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw raug hlawv tawm.
Kev ua tsov rog zoo li Sorbs tau dhau los ua "vassals" ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm Franks thiab koom nrog nws tawm tsam tiv thaiv pawg neeg German uas tsis tau kov yeej, tej zaum, qhov kev cia siab no yog nominal. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm tsim kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pab pawg neeg, tus tub huabtais (dux) Dervan "tso nws tus kheej nrog nws cov neeg mus rau lub tebchaws Samo." Yog li, kev tsim tshiab Slavic proto-xeev tuaj yeem ntsuas lawv lub zog tam sim nrog pab pawg Germanic pab pawg. Ib me ntsis tom qab, Saxons, uas tau txais khoom plig los ntawm Franks rau kev tawm tsam nrog Slavs, tsis koom nrog nws lossis tsis mob siab koom nrog nws.
Tus tub huabtais no tsuas yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm kev txav chaw nyob tshiab. Qhov ua tau ntawm nws lub npe yog qhov nthuav: Dervan, - * dervьnь, 'qub, laus dua.
Kev tsim ntawm thawj lub xeev Slavic
Xyoo 1920, kev txav chaw ntawm Slavs tau pib nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Avar Kaganate, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Kagan yuav luag ib txhij nrog cov xwm txheej thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw ntawm Constantinople, thaum Slavic pab tub rog tawm hauv tshav rog ua ntej, ua rau Kagan tawm.
Qhov kev txav no, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Avars, tsis thab lawv thaum xub thawj, txij li lub sijhawm no lawv tau ua haujlwm ua tub rog muaj zog tiv thaiv Constantinople, tab sis kev swb ntawm Byzantine peev thiab kev ua tub rog los ntawm Slavs tau hloov pauv xwm txheej
Yog li, cov Slavs tau teeb tsa phiaj xwm tawm tsam Avar cov thawj coj, tib lub sijhawm, raws li Fredegar sau, tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau cov xwm txheej no, cov tub lag luam los ntawm Franks tuaj rau lawv, uas yog, los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los Western Roman Empire, uas tau kov yeej los ntawm Franks thaum ib puas xyoo dhau los. nrog kev koom tes ntawm Tyurinogs, Burgundians, thiab lwm yam.
"Ntau pua Merovingian ntaj ntawm Frankish thiab Alaman kev tsim khoom nyob rau xyoo 5th-7th tau pom nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Lawv tau ua los ntawm kev siv txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua."
(Cardini F.)
Cov tub lag luam no tau coj los ntawm Samo. Nws ntseeg tias nws tsis yog Frank qhov tsim nyog (uas tsis koom nrog kev lag luam), tab sis yog ib qho ntawm "barbarian kingdom" ntawm Merovingians, Gaul (Celtic) lossis Galorimlian, tseem muaj qhov hais hauv qhov tsis qhia npe Salzburg treatise xyoo 9. "Hloov pauv ntawm Bavars thiab Quarantines" uas nws, qhov tseeb, yog Slav. Qhov no muab cov kws tshawb fawb qhov laj thawj los rau pem hauv ntej, tau kawg, kev sib tw version uas nws tus kheej tsis yog lub npe tsim nyog, tab sis lub npe zoo ib yam li lo lus "autocrat".
Thiab Samo no koom nrog Slavic phiaj xwm, kev lag luam tub lag luam thaum ntxov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab yog qhov khoom siv phom sij, Fredegar tom qab tshaj tawm tias Slavs tau nyiag cov tub lag luam Frankish, yog li tsis muaj ib yam xav tsis thoob thaum qhov tseeb tias cov tub lag luam yog ob tus tub rog. "Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov tub lag luam ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ntxov," sau A. Ya. Gurevich, - leej twg tsis koom nrog kev ua tub sab tsis yog qhov tsis muaj kev kub ntxhov."
Nws tus kheej, uas koom nrog kev lag luam, uas tau cog lus ntau yam txiaj ntsig, ua pov thawj nws tus kheej hauv kev ua rog thiab raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj lossis "huab tais."
Cov Slavs, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Avars, muaj lawv tus kheej pab pawg thiab pab tub rog, tab sis zoo li lawv tsis muaj cov thawj coj tub rog nyob ruaj khov, thiab cov thawj coj tau tshwm sim thaum kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam. Nws tus kheej, uas mus nrog lawv ntawm kev tawm tsam Avars, tau ua haujlwm nquag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov Slavs, ua tiav hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pab pawg neeg thiab suav nrog nws "kev muaj txiaj ntsig" (siv tau), xaiv nws tus kheej ua tus huab tais lossis huab tais (rex), uas lawv tau coj mus rau 35 xyoo (Lovmyanskiy Kh.).
Tseem tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb tias thaj chaw ntawm cov Slavs no nyob qhov twg, nws yog qhov tseeb tias lawv tau mus rau ciam teb ntawm Franks, Thuringians, Alpine Slavs thiab Sorbs (Serbs). Tab sis nws kuj nyuaj rau pom zoo nrog qhov tseeb tias cov no yog tshwj xeeb rau Sab Hnub Poob lossis ib feem ntawm Sab Qab Teb Slavs, uas tsis muaj zog heev rau Avars, zoo li cov uas nyob nrog lawv. Raws li Paul Deacon sau, thaum Bavars tau tawm tsam Alpine Slavs nyob rau sab saud ntawm Drava River, Avars tau los pab lawv, tau kov yeej qhov deb, yog li qhov kev ncua deb tsis yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam tsis tau.
Ua mus ntxiv, ua ntej, los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov qauv ntawm nomadic "proto-state", thiab, thib ob, cov ntaub ntawv hais tias kev tso tawm los ntawm kaganate tau tshwm sim los ntawm "tsim txom" ncaj qha, uas yog, muaj Avars ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Slavic kev sib hais nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tsuas yog hais txog cov Slavs uas tsis yog "cov dej num" xwb, tab sis yeej pawg neeg ntawm "qhev".
Kev dim ntawm Slavs tau ua tiav raws li lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Samo thiab xaus los ntawm 630. Fredegar sau txog kev tawm tsam, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov phiaj xwm no yuav tsum tau ua kom raug nyob hauv thaj tsam Avar nomads.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas kev ua tsov rog ntawm ib feem ntawm Slavs tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg neeg hauv pawg neeg, txiav txim los ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv tom qab Samo tuag, tsis muaj lub koom haum druzhina. Tab sis, muab ntau hom khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm Slavs thiab Avars, qhov kev tawm tsam no tsis yooj yim.
Yog li, thawj lub xeev lossis kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Slavs tau tsim nyob hauv thaj tsam thaj tsam loj ntawm Moravia, ib feem ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab Slovakia, Austria, nrog rau thaj av ntawm Lusatian Serbs thiab Alpine Slavs. Tau kawg, muab keeb kwm qhov tseeb, feem ntau yuav yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pab pawg neeg, tsis yog lub xeev, "kev sib koom ua ke" uas pab pawg sib txawv tau koom thiab poob mus (Petrukhin V. Ya.).
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias tom qab thawj zaug sim tsim kom muaj kev sib koom siab ntawm Vajtswv los ntawm Slavs-Antes hauv ib puag ncig tsis zoo, thawj Slavic "xeev" tau tshwm sim.
Lub xeev no, lossis kev tsim lub xeev tshiab, yuav tsum pib ua tub rog tam sim ntawd tawm tsam nws cov neeg nyob sib ze, txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tsov rog nyob rau theem no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws kev tsim.
Nws tau tshwm sim tias cov Slavs tua ib pawg neeg lag luam ntawm lawv thaj chaw. Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev tua neeg ntawm cov tub lag luam Frankish ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov koomhaum tshiab thiab Franks. Tus sawv cev khav theeb ntawm Franks, Sycharius, tus kheej thuam Samo, teb rau nws cov lus nruab nrab nws hais tias:
"Nws tsis yooj yim sua uas cov ntseeg thiab Vajtswv cov tub qhe tuaj yeem tsim kev phooj ywg nrog dev."
Nws tus kheej tsis pom zoo:
"Yog tias koj yog Vajtswv cov tub qhe, thiab peb yog dev ntawm Vajtswv, yog li ntawd, tsuav yog koj pheej ua phem rau Nws, peb raug tso cai tsim txom koj nrog tom."
Thiab Sycharius raug ntiab tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem xav tias Samo tsis mob siab rau kev sib tawm tsam, txawm tias nyob hauv cov xwm txheej uas Franks, tom qab yeej Avars raws li cov phooj ywg, tsis xav tau los ntawm Slavs, raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb sib cav.
Qhov tseeb, cov khoom uas nws tus kheej tau xaiv tau hais txog qhov muaj tseeb hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg nyob sib ze, tab sis tus huab tais ntawm Franks tau txiav txim siab txawv.
Dagobert Kuv (603-639) tau tsiv ib pab tub rog los ntawm thoob plaws nws lub tebchaws tawm tsam Slavs, nws kuj tau ntiav Lombards rau tus nqi, Alemanni vam khom rau Franks kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw.
Yog tias Lombards thiab Alemanni, feem ntau yuav, tau tsoo thaj av ntawm Slavs, thawj zaug, feem ntau yuav, nyob ntawm Alpine Slavs nyob sib ze, thiab tawm hauv tsev nrog cov pej xeem coob, tom qab ntawd Franks tau txeeb thaj av ntawm Xeev Samo. Ntawm no nws tau siege rau Venids (Slavs) hauv Vogastisburk fortress. Nws tsis paub qhov chaw tiv thaiv no nyob qhov twg: qee tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw Bratislava niaj hnub no, lwm tus, tsis pom zoo rau lawv, nco ntsoov tias Bratislava nyob deb ntawm qhov kev liam ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog, muaj peb qhov kev xav ntxiv rau nws qhov chaw nyob: Hauv North-West Bohemia thiab Franconia, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tau lees paub qhov qub, qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv tau khawb ntawm Mount Rubin ze Podborzany hauv North-West Bohemia, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog Vogastisburk, thaum kawg, cov kab no tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Sorbs, qhov uas peb muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm no, suav nrog suav nrog Forberg lossis Thorns nrog tus pas nrig 10-14 metres siab thiab lub pas dej 5-8 m ntev.
Cov Slavs uas tau nyob hauv "tsev fuabtais" pom muaj kev tawm tsam, thiab "ntau Dagobert cov tub rog tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm ntaj," uas yuam huab tais cov tub rog khiav tawm, tso tseg "txhua lub tsev pheeb suab thiab yam khoom."
Hauv kev teb, cov Slavs pib ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam Thuringia, thiab Sorbs ntawm Dervan kuj tau koom nrog qhov no raws li cov neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg German uas koom nrog Samo kev koom tes. Ciam teb ntawm lub xeev Frankish tau qhib txog thaum 633-634, thaum, tom qab sim ua kom Saxons los tawm tsam Slavs, Dagobert tau teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv ciam teb los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nruab nrab, daws tsis yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas qis ntawm Thuringians.
Kev sib tsoo ntawm ciam teb tau dhau mus tas li, txawm tias nws yog lub sijhawm no uas kev tsim cov tsev fuabtais nrog lub zog tiv thaiv tau pib ntawm Western Slavs.
Kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Slavs kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau, feem ntau yuav yog tom qab kev yeej ntawm cov ceg av qab teb-Slavs, lwm Avar "qhev" nkag mus tawm tsam Avars lossis rau hegemony hauv Pannonia-Bulgars lossis Proto-Bulgarians, xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Utigurs thiab Kutrigurs, lossis tsuas yog Kutrigurs, pab pawg tau kov yeej cov neeg txawv tebchaws los ntawm Altai (Artamonov MI, Vernadsky G. V.).
Cov xwm txheej no tshwm sim hauv 631-633, Avars tiv thaiv lawv txoj cai los ua tus tseem ceeb hauv Danube, Bulgars tau khiav tawm: qee qhov mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub hla mus rau pawg neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam, lwm tus hauv ntau txhiab tus neeg, nrog poj niam thiab menyuam yaus, los ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm Slavs, mus rau Bavars, qhov uas lawv txhua tus raug tua ib hmo. Tsuas yog Altsioka muaj txoj sia nyob nrog xya puas tus tub rog, thiab lawv tus poj niam thiab menyuam yaus, lawv tau mus rau Alpine Slavs thiab nyob ntawd nrog lawv tus tub huabtais Valukka (lub ntsiab lus: * vladyka lossis vel'kъ, 'zoo, qub), tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Ltalis, txog qhov uas Paul tus Deacon tau sau.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 658 Samo tuag, lub xeev thaum ntxov ntawm Slavs, coj los ntawm nws, tsis tawg. Nws muaj 12 tus poj niam Slavic, 22 tus tub thiab 15 tus ntxhais.
Vim li cas lub neej ntawm thawj lub koom haum Slavic thiaj li ploj mus?
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm sau tseg, thaum qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm kev hem thawj sab nraud, qhov xav tau los tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm ib sab ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb yog qhov xwm txheej thoob plaws. Cov kev coj noj coj ua no ua pov thawj tias muaj lub zog ua tub rog nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm zej zog, hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, tom qab qhov kev txo qis hauv kev hem thawj sab nrauv thiab txawm tias thaum kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog uas muaj kev tuag tshwm sim los, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov koomhaum no yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, uas tau tshwm sim rau lub xeev nws tus kheej ("kev tswj hwm" tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm no).
Cov pab pawg lawv tus kheej tau txiav txim los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov xeem - cov txwj laus, tus tub huabtais xav tau los koom ua tub rog, peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj ntawm peb tus kheej pawg, tau kawg, Samo kuj muaj qee yam kev ua tub rog, tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog pawg tub rog German ntawm lub sijhawm no, yog li kev tuag ntawm tus tub huabtais ua rau qhov kawg ntawm kev koom ua ke raws li hauv qab no.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm ob xyoo pua 7. muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Slovenian tus thawj tswj hwm (Carantania), kev sib tsoo ntawm Serbian thiab Croatian kev sib koom ua ke cais archontia (Naumov EP).
Nws yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tsev kawm ua ntej hauv lub xeev ntawm cov Slavs nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 7. ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rau Avar lub xeev kom rov zoo thiab rov muaj hwj chim hla ntau lub koom haum Slavic, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, tsis nyob rau ntau qhov xwm txheej hnyav li yav dhau los. "Cov laj thawj uas tsoomfwv Avar tau dim ntawm qhov teebmeem," sau tus kws tshawb fawb F. Daim, "yog qhov raug pom hauv qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm nws cov neeg nyob sib ze."
Tab sis qhov pib ntawm Slavic xeev tau tso.
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