Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev

Cov txheej txheem:

Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev
Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev

Video: Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev

Video: Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev
Video: Hluav taws xob tseem ceeb: Qhov yooj yooj yim txuag hluav taws xob 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Kev tswj hwm Slavic ntawm xyoo pua 7th hauv Central thiab Yav Qab Teb Europe tau sib txawv los ntawm xyoo pua thib 6. Yog tias thawj zaug tau koom nrog feem ntau los ntawm Slovenia lossis Sklavins, uas nyob hauv thaj chaw dav, tom qab ntawd kuj tau koom nrog Antes.

Duab
Duab

Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej thaum pab pawg Slavic twb tau "paub" nrog lub xeev cov tsev haujlwm ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, thiab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tub rog tsiv teb tsaws chaw, kev tsim supra-pab pawg neeg ntawm tsoomfwv pib, thawj zaug ntawm Slovenes, tom qab ntawd ntsaum.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Avar "nom tswv lub tebchaws" thiab ua tiav qhov kev tswj tsis tau ntawm Byzantines hla Danube ciam teb txij li 602 tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no (Ivanova O. V., Litavrin G. G.).

Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Slavs rau hauv cov av no tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lub koom haum tub rog. Thaj, qhov no yog pab pawg tub rog ntawm pab pawg (txog qhov uas peb yuav sau kom ntxaws hauv kab lus sib cais), cov xeem tau coj los ntawm cov txwj laus lossis cov zhupans (muaj peev xwm ua tau los ntawm Iranian "tus tswv zoo, tus muaj koob meej").

Engels:

"Txhua pawg neeg tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab, tsis yog los ntawm kev xav thiab tsis yog los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis raug, tab sis raws li tsev neeg nyob ze ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv pab pawg neeg sib txawv … Cov pab pawg loj uas tau nyob ze dua hauv kev sib raug zoo tau txais qee thaj chaw, hauv qhov ntawd, dua, cais cov xeem, suav nrog qee tus neeg hauv tsev neeg, sib koom ua ke, tsim cov zos sib cais. Ob peb lub zos muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog "ib puas" …, ntau pua tsim ib cheeb tsam …; tag nrho ntawm cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog cov neeg lawv tus kheej."

Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av tshiab tsim ua ntej xeev lossis kev sib koom tes ua tub rog, hais txog hauv Balkans thiab Danube li Slavinia lossis Sklavinia (Litavrin G. G.). Constantine VII (905-959) sau:

"Lawv hais tias, cov neeg no tsis muaj cov ntawv sau tseg, tsuas yog cov txwj laug-Zhupans, raws li nws nyob hauv txoj cai thiab lwm yam Slavinias."

Kev tswj hwm niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg ntawm Slavs tseem tsis tau ua los ntawm ib tus neeg supra-pab pawg thawj coj-cov thawj coj tub rog, tab sis los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov xeem.

Kev tiv thaiv kev tsov kev rog, zoo li hauv Samo Slavs lossis cov neeg ua phem, xws li hauv qhov xwm txheej nrog pab pawg ntawm Ant lub voj voos, kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb kev tsim cov kev tswj hwm. Tab sis, raws li peb pom los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Slavs ntawm lub sijhawm no, nrog kev poob ntawm qhov xav tau los tiv thaiv kev ua phem lossis kev ua phem, txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub xeev tau qeeb lossis nres (Shinakov EA, Erokhin AS, Fedosov AV).

Slavs hauv Balkan Peninsula thiab Peloponnese

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw Slavic rau thaj tsam no tau muab faib ua ob theem: thawj zaug nyob rau xyoo pua thib 6, thib ob txij thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7th. Raws li lwm qhov, ntawm thawj theem, Sklavins tau ua tus coj, thiab Antes pib koom nrog, pom tseeb, nyob rau theem ob, tom qab Avar nres thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7. Nov yog qhov nws sau txog cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 6. John ntawm Efexaus, txawm hais tias me ntsis dhau los:

"Hauv xyoo thib peb tom qab huab tais Justin tuag, thaum lub sijhawm huab tais Tiberius kav, cov neeg Slavs raug ntiab tawm thiab mus hla txhua Hellas, thaj tsam ntawm Thessalonica thiab tag nrho ntawm Thrace. Lawv tau ntes ntau lub nroog thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv, puas tsuaj, hlawv, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ua rau thaj av nyob ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev ntshai, zoo li hauv lawv tus kheej. Yog li nws yog plaub xyoos, thaum tus huab tais tsis khoom nrog kev ua rog nrog cov Pawxia thiab xa tag nrho nws pab tub rog mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau nyob ntawm thaj av no, nyob ntawm nws thiab nthuav tawm dav li ntev tau yog Vajtswv tau tso cai rau lawv. Lawv rhuav tshem, hlawv thiab coj mus rau tag nrho cov phab ntsa sab nrauv thiab ntes ntau txhiab tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe nees thiab txhua yam ntawm lwm tus. Thiab txog lub sijhawm no, txog rau xyoo 595, lawv tau nyob thiab nyob sib haum xeeb hauv thaj tsam Loos, yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab ntshai."

Tom qab 602, kev txav ntawm Slavs mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Balkans thiab tim Nkij teb chaws tau hnyav dua. Qhov kev nce qib no tsis yog ib zaug, hauv cov txheej txheem no muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, vim yog cov pab pawg neeg tshiab tau tsim los lossis lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov xeem hauv qhov tshiab "cog lus" hauv paus, txawm tias cov pab pawg qub kuj tseem ntsib. Yuav ua li cas qhov kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem pom meej hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv Slavs ntawm lub nroog Thessaloniki (niaj hnub. Thessaloniki) nruab nrab ntawm 615 thiab 620. Lub nroog ob peb zaug tau raug kev hem los ntawm cua daj cua dub thaum lub sij hawm sieges, uas tau ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pab pawg tau thaiv lub nroog sib koom ua ke thiab xaiv tus thawj coj tub rog tseem ceeb.

Tom qab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Slavs thaum raug kaw ntawm Thessalonica, lawv xa khoom plig mus rau lub taub hau ntawm Avars, caw nws rau kev pab, kom ntseeg tau tias tom qab kev ntes lub nroog, cov khau loj loj tos txhua tus. Cov kagan, ntshaw kev nplua nuj, tuaj txog ntawm no nrog Avars thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Bulgarians thiab Slavs. Cov xwm txheej no tshwm sim ua ntej kev tiv thaiv ntawm Constantinople xyoo 626.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm pab pawg neeg uas nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog Greek thiab kagan tsis meej kiag li: ntawm ib sab, lawv hu rau kev pab los ntawm Avars, thiab lawv tuaj ua phooj ywg, tab sis kagan tam sim ntawd ua tus tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Feem ntau yuav, kev sib faib ntawm cov rog ntawm no zoo ib yam uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Rome thib ob hauv 626, uas peb tau sau txog hauv kab lus yav dhau los ntawm "VO": Avars, cov neeg nyob hauv nom tswv Bulgarians thiab ua liaj ua teb Slavs nkag rau hauv kagan tus kheej pab tub rog. Qhov txaus siab, nyob rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm Tebchaws Europe, Avars los pab Alpine Slavs thaum Bavars tawm tsam. Yog li, nyob ib sab ntawm Avars thiab lawv cov neeg nyob hauv qab tau sawv ua pab pawg Slavs, uas tau pib tuav lub nroog Thexalaunika.

Cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm St. Demetrius ntawm Thessalonica, uas piav txog Slavic sieges, hais cov hauv qab no:

"… nrog lawv nyob hauv thaj av lawv caj ces nrog lawv cov cuab yeej, lawv npaj siab yuav daws lawv hauv nroog tom qab [nws] ntes tau."

Cov no tsis yog tsuas yog kev tua neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kev txeeb chaw ntawm thaj chaw, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, Slavs zam kev ua neej nyob hauv nroog, nyob hauv lub tebchaws.

Cov npe ntawm pab pawg neeg tau nqis los rau peb, suav nrog cov uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv Thexalaunika.

Cov Droguvites tau nyob hauv South Macedonia mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Thessaloniki, Sagudats thiab lwm Droguvites hauv South Macedonia, Velegesites tau nyob hauv tebchaws Greece, nyob rau sab qab teb Thessaly, Vayunites hauv Epirus, nyob rau thaj tsam Lake Ioannina, qhov chaw Berzites nyob, tsis paub

Cia peb tseem taw qhia txog pawg neeg Antsk ntawm Smolyan, uas tau nyob hauv Western Rhodopes, ntawm Mesta-Nestor dej, uas ntws mus rau Aegean Hiav Txwv (niaj hnub no Smolyan, Bulgaria).

Cov pab pawg muaj nyob txhua qhov ntawm pawg neeg Antic ntawm Serbs tau teeb tsa hauv Thessaly, ze ntawm tus dej Bystrica. Txiav txim los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm Antic fibulae, Ant pawg neeg, uas tau nce mus rau Balkans, tom qab Slovenes thiab Sklavins, nyob hauv thaj tsam Danube, thaj tsam ntawm Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, thiab muaj me ntsis nyob hauv tim Nkij teb chaws.

Duab
Duab

Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam tau ua nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Slavs lub sijhawm no.

Cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib tw, ib yam li hauv lwm thaj tsam ntawm kev nce qib ntawm Slavs, muaj lossis xaiv tus thawj coj tub rog. Hauv Thessalloniki, pab pawg tau coj los ntawm Hatzon, rau lwm tus thawj coj mloog, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau pab pawg hauv kev coj ua kev ua rog los ntawm Slavs ua rau lawv tus kheej txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm pab pawg Slavic thaum lawv sib hais haum nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Balkans tso cai rau qee tus kws tshawb fawb tham txog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim lub xeev thaum ntxov, uas zoo li muaj laj thawj. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyob hauv Slavs, kuj muaj lwm cov pejxeem, suav nrog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog ntawm xeev Byzantine (P. Lamerl).

Croats thiab Serbs

Thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7th, pab pawg ntawm Croats thiab Serbs nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, ob pawg neeg, lossis, kom raug dua, kev koom ua ke ntawm pab pawg tau koom nrog pawg Ant. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias pab pawg neeg no, feem ntau yuav tsis tau hu nws tus kheej li Antae, txij li, raws li ib qho version, Antes yog phau ntawv npe rau pab pawg uas nyob rau xyoo pua 6 hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Kab thiab Dnieper dej, ua ntej qhov sib txuas ntawm Danube mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub, thiab lawv tsuas yog hu lawv tus kheej: Croats, Serbs, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias Croats, raws li Konstantin Porphyrogenitus sau, txhais lawv tus kheej lub npe li "tus tswv ntawm lub tebchaws loj." Thiab nws zoo li rau peb tias qhov no tsis yog qhov yuam kev thiab nws tsis yog hais txog "Greater Croatia", tab sis hais txog qhov kev paub tus kheej tiag tiag ntawm Croats. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no los ntawm "tus tswv yug yaj", tau kawg, tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus rau lub sijhawm no, thiab nws kuj tseem tsis zoo li lub npe tus kheej no tau cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb tias Croats tau tawg nyob hauv qhov chaw nrog pib ntawm xyoo pua 7. thoob plaws hauv nruab nrab, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Europe. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais txog lawv tus kheej kev nkag siab txog lub sijhawm ntawm Ant zej zog, thiab, uas yog qhov sib raug zoo rau qhov tseeb, Antes yog tus tswv ntawm lub tebchaws loj hauv cheeb tsam Hiav Txwv Dub.

Cov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm pab pawg neeg ntsaum nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Balkans li cas?

Duab
Duab

Raws li Konstantin Porphyrogenitus, uas tso siab rau qee cov lus dab neeg, Byzantine cov neeg caij tsheb los ntawm tus neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb tau ua phem rau Slavic tsis muaj phom, thiab tej zaum Avar tau teeb tsa hla Danube, qhov twg txhua tus txiv neej mus rau kev sib tw, tom qab ntawd, raws li Basileus sau, Avars tau ua phem rau Loos, leej twg ua lwm qhov kev tua hla Danube, tom qab uas lawv tau txeeb tau lub nroog loj thiab lub nroog loj fortress Salonu (Split cheeb tsam, Croatia) hauv Dalmatia, maj mam tuav tag nrho thaj chaw, tshwj tsis yog rau cov ntug dej hiav txwv.

Duab
Duab

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm sau tseg kev puas tsuaj nyob hauv Rome ze Rocha, Muntayana, Vrsar, Kloshtar, Rogatitsa, thiab lwm yam (Marusik B., Sedov V. V.).

Qhov no tau muab Pope Gregory Great rau kev zam txim hauv nws tsab ntawv los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 600 mus rau Npis Sov Maxim Salona kom yws txog qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua ntawm Slavs, txawm li cas los xij, sau tseg tias txhua qhov teeb meem no "vim yog peb cov kev txhaum."

Cov phiaj xwm ntawm Avars thiab Slavs subordinate rau lawv yog, raws li Paul Deacon sau, rau cov cheeb tsam no hauv 601 lossis 602, 611 thiab 612. Hauv 601 (602), ua ke nrog Lombards.

Thomas Splitsky qhia meej tias Salona raug kaw thiab raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog caij tsheb thiab ko taw ntawm "Goths thiab Slavs."

Thomas ntawm Splitsky, uas tau sau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, tuaj yeem ua ke ob qhov xwm txheej. Thawj zaug Slavs tau nyob hauv Solunia xyoo 536, thiab ntawm Dyrrachia (Drach) - xyoo 548. Hauv 550, Slavs tau ua lub caij ntuj sov hauv Dalmatia, uas tau koom nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los ntawm kev hla ntawm Danube rau kev ua tub sab hauv cov no, thiab ua li cas tshaj tawm Procopius ntawm Caesarea, muaj cov lus xaiv tsis tau lees paub tias Slavs tau xiab los ntawm huab tais ntawm Italis Goths Totila txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov cov tub rog ntawm Loos uas tau npaj yuav tsaws hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Xyoo 552, Totila plundered Kerkyra thiab Epirus, ze rau Dalmatia.

Thiab hauv 601 (602) Lombards plundered Dalmatia ua ke nrog Avars thiab Slavs. Qhov no tau muab keeb kwm keeb kwm los cuam tshuam ob qhov xwm txheej.

Ntxiv mus, raws li Thomas Splitsky tshaj tawm, cov Slavs tsis yog nyiag, lawv tuaj ntawm no los ua ib feem ntawm kev koom siab nrog txhua pawg neeg (xya lossis yim) ntawm pab pawg Slovenian: Lingons lossis Ledians. Raws li Konstantin Porphyrogenitus, cov av no tau raug plundered thawj zaug thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov suab puam, tom qab uas Slavs thiab Avars pib pib nyob ntawm no, tej zaum nrog qhov kawg ntawm kev tswj hwm tseem tshuav.

Muaj tsawg tsawg qhov kev tshawb pom keeb kwm ntawm Avar keeb kwm hauv thaj av no (Sedov V. V.).

Tom qab cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia, nthwv dej tshiab ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau tsoo qhov no ntawm Balkans thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7. Peb pom tias Croatian thiab Serb antas tshwm nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm thaj av Avar-Slovenian. Croats tsis yog los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qee qhov "Dawb Croatia". Txhua qhov chaw hauv pab pawg neeg Croatian nyob rau xyoo 7, suav nrog "Dawb Croatia" thiab Croats hauv Carpathians, tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv kev txav los ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Danube. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog Serbs: qee tus ntawm lawv tau tsiv mus rau Balkans: mus rau Thrace, Greece thiab Dalmatia, thiab qee qhov txav mus rau sab hnub poob, mus rau ciam teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb German.

Croats, zoo li Serbs, tuaj rau sab hnub poob ntawm Balkan Peninsula thaum pib ntawm kev kav ntawm Emperor Heraclius, thaum muaj teeb meem kev cai txawv teb chaws hnyav nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws.qhov twg Sassanian Iran tau ntes cov xeev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: tag nrho Middle East thiab Egypt, tawm tsam hauv Asia Me thiab Armenia.

Cov pab pawg no yog Croats, Zaglums, Tervuniots, Kanalites, Diocletians thiab Pagans lossis Neretvians. Qhov ntawd ua tiav ua tiav nrog lub sijhawm tom qab swb ntawm Ants los ntawm Avars thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7. tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Ua ntej, kev tawm tsam ntawm pab pawg neeg Antic rau hauv thaj av no tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev qaug zog ntawm Kaganate hauv thawj kaum xyoo ntawm xyoo pua 7. Ib txwm, pab pawg hauv pawg neeg tau pab txhawb rau kev sib sau ua tub rog ntawm pawg neeg Croatian, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho laj thawj tshwj xeeb los hais tias pab pawg neeg uas tuaj txog ntawm no muaj kev ua tub rog muaj zog txaus pab pawg, thiab tsis yog cov koom haum tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw "khiav los ntawm kev ua yeeb ncuab ntxeem tau", tsis muaj qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb (Mayorov AV).

Ntxiv mus, tib Avars, piv txwv li, cov uas tau khiav tawm ntawm Turks, sawv cev rau lub zog loj rau lwm pab pawg, xws li Gepids, Eruls lossis tib Goths, thaum lub sijhawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Cov neeg khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom feem ntau muaj zog ua tub rog: nws yog qhov tseem ceeb nrog leej twg los sib piv.

Qhov thib ob, hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum, tom qab kev rhuav tshem ntawm huab tais Phocas (610), tsuas yog ob tus neeg koom nrog hauv Phocas kev tawm tsam tseem nyob hauv Thracian pab tub rog xa mus tua Persia hauv pab tub rog, Byzantium tuaj yeem cia siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws ciam teb sab qaum teb (Kulakovsky Yu.).

Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev
Slavs ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xeev

Thiab ntawm no, tej zaum, kev sib raug zoo qub ntawm Constantinople nrog ntsaum dua tuaj ua ke. Lub tebchaws, uas tsis muaj tub rog muaj zog los tiv thaiv thaj av, tau siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "faib thiab txoj cai".

Nws tsis yog tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas pab pawg neeg Croatian (Ant) uas tau pib ua tsov rog ntev nrog Avars hauv zos: lawv tau rhuav tshem qee qhov, kov yeej lwm tus, raws li Konstantin Porphyrogenitus sau txog, hais txog qhov tseeb tias lawv tau ua ntawm qhov pib ntawm Vasilevs Heraclius. Peb muaj qhov tsawg heev ntawm Avar kev tshawb pom keeb kwm hauv cheeb tsam no, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, txiav txim los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm Vasileus, kev tawm tsam tau ntev, uas txhais tau tias Avars tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm Slavs uas tau nyob ua ntej ntawm no. Qhov kev yeej tau tshwm sim hauv 1920s thiab 1930s, thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev hnyav zuj zus ntawm kaganate thiab teeb meem hauv lawv tus kheej "nroog". Tom qab ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg tshwm sim hauv thaj av no, Cov neeg nyob hauv Byzantine rov qab mus rau lawv lub nroog, kev sib pauv thiab kev lag luam tau tsim, Cov Slavs tau nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Cov pejxeem hauv nroog pib them se rau Croats es tsis yog lub xeev cov se ntawm Byzantium. Ib qho kev tswj hwm thaum ntxov tau tsim, txog qhov uas peb paub yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi.

Kev txav chaw nyob tshiab tau coj los ntawm qee pawg neeg Croatian lossis pab pawg hauv kev coj ua ntawm tus thawj coj, leej txiv ntawm qee tus Porg lossis Porin (Ποργã), tej zaum muaj tsib ntawm lawv, coj los ntawm cov kwv tij Kluka, Lovel, Cosendziy, Mukhlo, Horvat nrog ob tug viv ncaus. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau taug qab cov npe no mus rau Iran, lossis ntau dua, mus rau Alanian keeb kwm (Mayorov A. V.).

Txhua tus thawj coj teev npe lossis cov thawj coj tub rog ntawm ib pawg neeg lossis pawg neeg tau hais nyob hauv ntau qhov ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm Constantine Porphyrogenitus txog keeb kwm ntawm Croats.

Twb tau nyob hauv Porg, thaum lub sijhawm Heraclius kav, thawj qhov kev cai raus dej ntawm Croats tau tshwm sim. Kev tsis ntseeg siab uas ntau tus kws tshawb fawb suav txog qhov tseeb no tsis suav nrog qhov tseeb tias cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog ntev, thiab feem ntau nws siv sijhawm ntev los ntawm kev ua kev cai raus dej ntawm kev ua neeg ncaj ncees mus rau kev nkag siab ntawm kev ntseeg hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Cov Serbs tau txav mus rau thaj av no tib lub sijhawm raws li Croats, thiab lawv lub zog tau tshwm sim los ntawm tib qhov laj thawj: kev tsis sib haum ntawm Antsky kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv qhov tawg ntawm Avars.

Raws li nrog Croats, ntawm Serbs lawv lub npe cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm tsim ntawm Slavic, Ant zej zog raws lub hauv paus ntawm Chernyakhov keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua hauv txheej txheem kev cuam tshuam nrog Sarmatian nomadic pab pawg. Raws li M. Fasmer sau tseg:

"* Ser-v-" los tiv thaiv ", uas tau muab rau hauv Scythian classical * harv-, thaum twg lub yeeb koob. * xov xwm ".

Txawm li cas los xij, etymology tseem muaj teeb meem. Tab sis qhov muaj cov npe cuam tshuam nrog "kev tiv thaiv" yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cia peb tsis raug yuam kev los ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm "tus tiv thaiv nyuj", "tus tswv yug yaj", cov npe zoo li no tsuas tuaj yeem muab rau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua tas li, tiv thaiv "nyuj" hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus: hauv Lavxias qub "Nyuj" yog nyiaj, zoo li ntau lwm haiv neeg Indo-European.

Vasilevs Constantine tseem taw tes rau qhov laj thawj rau kev caw cov Serbs mus rau Balkans raws li txoj hauv kev daws cov cheeb tsam puas tsuaj los ntawm Avars (Avars thiab Slavs subordinate rau lawv), uas tau raug cai nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Thiab cov xwm txheej no tseem muaj nyob hauv 20s, lub sijhawm ua rau Avars tsis muaj zog, uas tsis yog rau Singidunum (Belgrade), tab sis

"Lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev txhim kho Balkans los ntawm pab pawg neeg Serbian yog qhov nyuaj rau ntes los ntawm cov txheej txheem qub txeeg qub teg" (M. Lyubinskovich, V. Sedov).

Cov Serbs, zoo li Croats, tau nkag mus rau thaj chaw no, tsim lawv lub zog los ntawm kev quab yuam, thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim thaum 20-30s ntawm xyoo pua 7th. ob qho tib si hauv kev tawm tsam Avars thiab tawm tsam Slovenes subordinate rau lawv (Naumov EP)

Cov Serbs tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum lub sijhawm Heraclius kav, txheej txheem, tau kawg, tau siv sijhawm ntev, tab sis kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov pab pawg tuaj txog thiab cov xeem tau tshwm sim sai heev, txawm hais tias cov qauv ntawm lawv lub koomhaum tsis muaj zog, thiab nyob rau xyoo 70s lig ib feem ntawm thaj av tau poob rau kev vam khom Avar kev kawm rov qab los, tab sis qhov kev vam khom no feem ntau yuav yog "vassalage" lossis "alliance", thiab tsis yog "tributary", zoo li nws tau ua dhau los.

Cov pab pawg neeg tuaj txog uas tau txeeb thaj av tshiab xav tau los teeb tsa txoj kev tswj hwm, tab sis kev tsim cov koom haum hauv lub xeev thaum ntxov tseem nyob deb.

Thiab txawm hais tias kev ua tub rog ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, nws tsis muaj zog ntxiv li thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw.

Yog li, peb pom tias thaum pib ntawm VII caug xyoo. ntawm cov Slavs ntawm Balkan ciam teb ntawm Byzantium, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim - lawv tau nce mus txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim thawj lub xeev.

Qhov xwm txheej no tau cuam tshuam los ntawm peb yam:

1. Tsis muaj zog ntawm kaganate.

2. Kev nyuaj ntawm lub tebchaws Byzantine thiab kev poob ntawm kev tswj tub rog hla tus ciam dej Danube.

3. Kev ntes los ntawm Slavs ntawm thaj av hauv thaj chaw huab cua me dua, thaj chaw uas muaj kev ua liaj ua teb zoo dua.

Kev tswj hwm thaj av tshiab nrog cov pejxeem nyob rau qib siab ntawm kev txhim kho, sab nraum lub hauv paus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab nkag siab txog haiv neeg rau Slavs, xav tau txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tswj hwm.

Hauv thaj av uas Slavs tau ntsib nrog cov pej xeem sawv ntawm qib sib xws ntawm kev txhim kho (Illyrian pab pawg ntawm Byzantium), kev sib koom ua ke tau ua qhov hnyav.

Cov peev txheej thiab Ntawv Sau:

Konstantin Porphyrogenitus. Txog kev tswj hwm lub tebchaws. Txhais los ntawm G. G. Litavrina. Kho los ntawm G. G. Litavrina, UA Novoseltsev. M., 1991.

Cov ntawv ntawm Pope Gregory Kuv // Sau cov ntaub ntawv sau qub tshaj plaws ntawm Slavs. T. II. M., 1995.

Theophanes lub Byzantine. Chronicle ntawm Byzantine Theophanes. los ntawm Diocletian mus rau tsars Michael thiab nws tus tub Theophylact. Kev txhais lus los ntawm OM. Bodyanskiy Ryazan. 2005.

Cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm St. Demetrius ntawm Thessalonica // Txoj cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub tshaj plaws hais txog Slavs. T. II. M., 1995.

Akimova UA Kev tsim ntawm Croatian thaum ntxov feudal xeev. // Thawj lub xeev feudal hauv Balkans ntawm 6th - 12th centuries. M., Xyoo 1985.

Ivanova UA Litavrin G. G. Slavs thiab Byzantium // Cov thawj feudal xeev hauv Balkans ntawm 6th - 12th centuries. M., Xyoo 1985.

Kulakovsky Y. Keeb Kwm ntawm Byzantium (602-717). PEB, 2004.

Mayorov UA Greater Croatia. Ethnogenesis thiab keeb kwm ntxov ntawm Slavs ntawm thaj av Carpathian. SWB, 2006.

Marx K. Engels F. Ua Haujlwm. TSO 19, 1961.

Naumov E. P. Kev tsim thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Serbian thaum ntxov feudal statehood // Thaum pib feudal xeev hauv Balkans ntawm 6th - 12th centuries. M., Xyoo 1985.

Niederle L. Slavic antiquities. Txhais los ntawm Czech los ntawm T. Kovaleva thiab M. Khazanova, 2013.

Sedov V. V. Slavs. Cov neeg Lavxias qub. M., 2005.

Fasmer M. Etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias lus. T. M. M., 1987.

Shinakov EA, Erokhin AS, Fedosov A. V. Txoj Kev Mus Rau Lub Xeev: Cov Neeg German thiab Slavs. Pre-xeev theem. M., 2013.

Lemerle P. Les ntxiv rau yav dhau los recueils des Miracles de Saint Demetrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans. II. Tswv yim. Ib., 1981.

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