Lub npe ntawm tus dej hauv qhov qub - Btsis yog Volga.
Bulgarian npe - Rauen, tsis khan
Lub npe ntawm Athonite monastery yog Khil andar, thiab neeg dawb huv lub npe tseem tshuav hauv Bulgarian nominal kev lig kev cai yog St. Paisiy Khil endar.
Geographically Bulgaria nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Balkan Peninsula. Nov yog thaj chaw nyiam ntawm ntau lub tebchaws sib tsoo sai. Txhua tus neeg txaus siab ua nws tus kheej daim npav ntawm no - tub rog, nyiaj txiag, haiv neeg. Kaum ib puas xyoo dhau los, nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, thawj xyoo caum ntawm nees nkaum-ib puas xyoo dhau los, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov teeb meem nyob mus ib txhis rau Bulgarians tsis nres. Yog li, puas yog Bulgarians Slavs?
Leej Txiv Dawb Huv Paisius ntawm Hilendarsky - ib tug txiv plig nyob hauv Athos lub tsev teev ntuj Khilandar thiab tus kws qhia paub Bulgarian zoo, ntseeg tias Bulgarians yog Slavs. Xyoo 1762 St. Paisius ua tiav nws phau ntawv sau keeb kwm ntawm SLAVIC-BULGARIAN, uas yog cim pib ntawm Bulgarian Renaissance. Peb nyeem hauv nws:
Yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1844, Khristaki Pavlovich luam tawm Tsarstvennik lossis Bulgarian History. Paisius, Pavlovich sau ua keeb kwm kev sau keeb kwm ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Bulgarian. Niaj hnub no qee tus neeg nplua nuj yaum cov ntawv luam tawm no thiab ua npuas ntawm lub qhov ncauj "ua pov thawj" tias "Paisiy tsis tau sau txog ib qho Slavs thiab nws keeb kwm yog Bulgarian, tsis yog Slavic-Bulgarian".
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lawv peb luam tawm ib daim ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm thawj daim ntawv ntawm St. Paisius - qhuas, nyob zoo. Koj thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav tsis ua mob rau kev taug kev, tsawg kawg nrog ib lub qhov muag los saib thawj qhov kev suav pej xeem ntawm txoj haujlwm no.
Bulgarian keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua, vam khom ntau qhov pov thawj thiab tshawb fawb, suav nrog caj ces, keeb kwm keeb kwm, ntawv sau cia, thiab lwm yam., Ntseeg tias lub tebchaws Bulgarian niaj hnub no yog tib leeg thiab tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm ob haiv neeg - Bulgarians thiab Slavs. Txhawm rau txhawm rau piav qhia keeb kwm ntawm Bulgarian ethnos ua ntej nws sib koom ua ke nrog pab pawg Slavic ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bulgaria niaj hnub no, nws yog kev coj ua los hu cov neeg Bulgarians thaum ub "pro-Bulgarians".
Proto-Bulgarians-Indo-European (Aryan) neeg Sab qaum teb Iranian pab pawg, uas suav nrog Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Massagets, Bactrians thiab lwm tus. Prabolgars sab laug Bactria - thaj tsam keeb kwm nyob ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm Uzbekistan, Tajikistan thiab Afghanistan nruab nrab ntawm Hindu Kush roob nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Fergana Hav nyob rau sab qaum teb. Lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws yog lub nroog Balkh nyob rau sab qaum teb Afghanistan. Tajiks thiab Pashtuns yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov Bactrians thaum ub. Ntawm cov Tajiks niaj hnub no, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm Pashtuns, feem ntau ntawm cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog yog zoo ib yam li cov neeg Bulgarian, txawm hais tias qhov kev deb loj sib cais cov neeg no.
Xyoo 632, tsis ntev tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Hunnic Empire, kagan ntawm Kutrigurs Kubrat (632-665), lawv tau tswj kom sib sau ua ke lawv pawg nrog lwm pab pawg neeg Bulgarian ntawm Utigrs (yav dhau los vam khom ntawm Turkuts), thiab Onogurs rau hauv ib lub xeev hauv cov steppes ntawm Eastern Europe, nruab nrab ntawm Caspian thiab Dub Seas, suav nrog Crimean Peninsula - Great Bulgaria. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Kan Kubrat zoo, txhua tus ntawm nws tsib tus tub coj lawv tus kheej horde, thiab tsis muaj ib tus ntawm lawv tus kheej muaj lub zog los tawm tsam Khazars. Kwv yees li ntawm 671 Great Bulgaria poob hauv qab cua tshuab ntawm Khazar Kaganate.
Tus tub hlob ntawm Kubrat Batbay (Batbayan) tseem nyob qhov twg nws nyob. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm qhov hu ua "Black Bulgarians". Cov neeg Bulgarians dub tau hais hauv kev cog lus ntawm Prince Igor thiab Byzantium. Igor lees paub los tiv thaiv Byzantine cov khoom hauv Crimea los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg Bulgarians dub. Tus Kiev tus tub huabtais Svyatoslav Kuv Zoo Tshaj Plaws tso siab rau kev koom tes nrog cov neeg ntawm thaj av Dub Sab Hnub Poob: lub zog, lub ntsej muag thiab lub kaus mom dub hauv kev tawm tsam Khazar Kaganate. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias Kiev tus thawj coj Igor, Svyatoslav thiab Vladimir hauv "Lo Lus Ntawm Txoj Cai thiab Kev Hlub …" los ntawm Cheeb Tsam Hilarion ntawm Kiev hu ua kagans. Niaj hnub no, cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Dub Bulgarians nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Russia, Ukraine, Moldova thiab Romania, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv steppe Dub hiav txwv thiab thaj av Azov.
Tus tub thib ob ntawm Kubrat - Kotrag nrog nws horde hla Don thiab nyob sib nrug Batbai. Ib qho ntawm hordes, uas suav nrog feem ntau ntawm pab pawg Kutrigur, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kotrag tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb thiab tom qab ntawd tau txiav txim siab nyob nruab nrab ntawm Volga thiab Kama, qhov uas Volga Bulgaria tau tshwm sim. Volga Bulgarians yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm hauv cheeb tsam Volga sawv cev los ntawm Kazan Tatars thiab Chuvash.
Tus tub thib plaub ntawm Kubrat - Kuber (Kuver), nrog nws horde tsiv mus rau Pannonia thiab koom nrog Avars. Hauv lub nroog Sirmiy, nws tau npaj siab los ua kagan ntawm Avar kaganate. Tom qab qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tiav, nws coj nws cov neeg mus rau Macedonia. Nyob ntawd nws nyob hauv thaj tsam Keremisia thiab ua tsis tiav los mus ntes lub nroog Thessaloniki. Tom qab ntawd, nws ploj ntawm nplooj ntawv keeb kwm, thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog Slavic pab pawg ntawm Macedonia.
Tus tub thib tsib ntawm Kubrat, Alcek, nrog nws horde mus rau Ltalis. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 662 nws nyob hauv Lombard sau npe thiab thov kom av los ntawm King Grimoald I ntawm Benevento hauv Benevento hauv kev pauv rau kev ua tub rog. Vaj Ntxwv Grimuald tau xa cov neeg Bulgarians mus rau nws tus tub Romuald hauv Benevento, qhov uas lawv nyob hauv Sepini, Boviana thiab Inzernia. Romuald tau txais Bulgarians zoo thiab muab av rau lawv. Nws kuj tau xaj kom hloov lub npe Alzec los ntawm Duke, raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm Paul the Deacon hu nws, mus rau Gastaldia (lub ntsiab lus tej zaum yog lub npe ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv), raws li lub npe Latin.
Tus tub thib peb ntawm Kubrat - Asparuh nrog nws horde mus rau Danube thiab txog 650, nres hauv thaj av Danube qis, nws tsim lub tebchaws Bulgarian. Cov pab pawg hauv Slavic koom nrog Bulgarians thaum lub sijhawm. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm Asparuh Bulgarians thiab ntau yam Slavic thiab seem ntawm cov pab pawg neeg Thracian uas dhau los ua ib feem ntawm nws, lub tebchaws Bulgarian niaj hnub tau tsim. Kev lees paub raug cai ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm Thawj Lub Tebchaws Bulgarian tau txiav txim siab 681 xyoo, thaum Bulgarian Kan Asparukh xaus kev sib haum xeeb nrog Byzantine tus huab tais Constantine IV, raws li uas Byzantium cog lus tias yuav them se txhua xyoo rau Bulgarian Kan.
Leej twg nyob hauv Balkans thaum Asparuh tuaj rau Danube hauv xyoo pua 7 - Slavs, Thracians, Greeks, Celts, Galatians thiab ntau lwm tus. Ntawm txhua haiv neeg, Bulgarians tso cai tsuas yog ib tus Slavs thiab tsis muaj leej twg ntxiv. Tag nrho lwm haiv neeg thiab pab pawg neeg tau raug ntiab tawm lossis rhuav tshem los ntawm Bulgarians. Thracian, Celtic thiab ntau lwm yam kab lis kev cai tau ploj mus. Niaj hnub no hauv Bulgaria qhov seem ntawm cov pab pawg thiab kab lis kev cai no tau pom ntawm no thiab nyob ntawd. Txhua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau kim dua li kub thiab txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lawv coj cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los rau hauv kev txaus siab - nws yuav qhia dab tsi rau lawv txog pab pawg neeg thiab tib neeg uas ploj mus ib thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo dhau los? Tab sis tsawg tus neeg mob siab txog Slavic pom, tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij qhuas lawv. Vim tias kev coj noj coj ua Slavic tsis tau mus qhov twg. Txhua pawg neeg Slavic tau txais txoj cai vaj huam sib luag hauv xeev Bulgarian uas tau tsim tshiab thiab tsim kho lawv kab lis kev cai thiab lawv cov lus rau ntau pua xyoo. Slavic kab lis kev cai nyob thiab nyob hauv Bulgaria niaj hnub no, txhua tus Bulgarian pom nws txawm tias yog niam mis.
Rau ntau dua ib puas xyoo, cov Slavs pe hawm Perun, thiab cov neeg Bulgarians zoo tau pe hawm Tangra thiab Zoroastrian deities. Tab sis lub xeev nrog ob txoj kev ntseeg thiab ob qhov sib cais, txawm hais tias cov neeg nyiam phooj ywg, tsis ruaj khov. Yog vim li cas hauv 864 St. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Boris I. (Boris-Mihail) tau txais kev cai raus dej Orthodox, tau tso nws lub npe qub txeeg qub teg Bulgarian "kan" thiab coj Slavic lub npe "tub huabtais", thiab ntxiv lub npe ntawm nws txiv yawg, Byzantine huab tais Michael III, rau nws lub npe. Xyoo 865 txhua tus Bulgaria tau txais kev cai raus dej Orthodox. Xyoo 866 Boris Kuv tau txwv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm "rhaub" (Bulgarian aristocrats) uas tawm tsam kev qhia txog Orthodoxy. Los ntawm 866 txog rau niaj hnub no, tsis muaj Bulgarians thiab Slavs hauv Bulgaria, tab sis ib haiv neeg Slavic-Bulgarian, uas St. Paisius ntawm Hilendarsky tau piav qhia hauv nws "Keeb Kwm ntawm Slav-Bulgarian" rov qab rau xyoo 1762.
Cov Slavic tivthaiv ntawm lub tebchaws Bulgarian niaj hnub no yooj yim tshaj plaws pom hauv qhov sib xws ntawm cov lus Bulgarian thiab Lavxias. Ntau txhiab lo lus tau sau zoo ib yam thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam - dej, dej, hiav txwv, mov ci, phau ntawv, nqe lus, kwv tij, muam, muv, noog, noog, riam, thaum sawv ntxov, hnub qub, hli thiab ntau yam ntxiv. Yog tias peb ntxiv cov ntawv sib tham "og bn - hluav taws "," p bka - tes "," p thiabba - ntses "," ntuj e - ntuj "," ntiaj teb - ntiaj teb lKuv”thiab lwm tus, nws hloov tawm tias 10% ntawm cov lus hauv ob hom lus zoo ib yam.
Ntau qhov kev sib tham tuaj yeem pom hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, hauv khaub ncaws, hauv nkauj, thiab feem ntau txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, "Bulgarian" xov xwm tswj hwm los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ua ntu zus ntsia cov neeg Bulgarians rau hauv lub hlwb tias "Bulgarians tsis yog Slavs, thiab Slavs yog neeg ntiaj teb." Thawj nqe lus mus ncaj. Qhov thib ob tsis pom tseeb, npog.
Hloov chaw ntawm qhov tseeb Indo-European txoj kev xav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Proto-Bulgarians, lawv plam mus rau peb txhua hom kev dag thiab tsis muaj tseeb. "Hunnic kev xav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Proto-Bulgarians" ntseeg tias Huns yog Proto-Bulgarians, thiab lawv tus thawj coj Atilla yog Bulgarian Kan Avitohol. Qhov no yuav luag muaj tseeb, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam. Qee zaum pab pawg Proto-Bulgarian tau tawm tsam ua ke nrog Huns, tab sis lawv tus kheej tsis yog Huns. Qhov "Türkic txoj kev xav" tseem phem dua qub, Kuv yuav tsis txawm tias yuav lwj kuv cov ntawv nrog nws. Tsib puas xyoo ntawm "kev cuam tshuam kev coj noj coj ua" nrog rau pab pawg Ottoman thiab Turkic yuav txaus.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev pom Roman cov ntawv "Chronograph ntawm 354" (hauv Latin -) lawv pom ib kab lus "Ziezi ex quo vulgares" thiab txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd tias Bulgarians yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ziezi, tus tub Sim thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Noah. Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab tshaj plaws, raws li "kev nkag siab tob" hauv caj ces, haiv neeg thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, tau hais tiag tiag tias Bulgarians, "tau kawg", tsis yog txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog Slavs, tab sis lawv dhau los ua "kwv tij" Lus Askiv Celts thiab … rau North American Navajo Isdias Asmesliskas! Zoo. Yog li, peb tsuas tuaj yeem nco qab tias leej twg rhuav tshem 99.5% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv North America sab av loj nrog kev siv riam phom lom neeg, thiab 0.5% uas muaj sia nyob tau raug kaw hauv qhov chaw khaws cia zoo li tsiaj qus. Qhov no yuav tsum tau nco thiab paub kom txoj hmoo ntawm peb cov tawv nqaij txawv teb chaws Indian "kwv tij" tsis dhau peb ib yam.
Sab laug
Ntawm sab xis
Keeb kwm, nrog kev tawm ntawm Proto-Bulgarians los ntawm Bactria yuav luag ob txhiab xyoo dhau los, txog niaj hnub no, Cov neeg Bulgarians ib txwm ua phooj ywg nrog Slavs thiab tawm tsam ua ke nrog lawv tawm tsam pab pawg Turkic, Khazar thiab Mongol. Tom qab Lavxias-Turkish kev ua tsov rog ntawm 1877-1878, Russia tsis muaj lub zog txaus los ua kom tau zoo ntawm nws cov tub rog ua tiav, thiab Bulgaria "mus" rau Sab Hnub Poob. Yuav ua li cas thiab vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim tau piav qhia ntxaws hauv kab lus Bulgaria Ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob. Niaj hnub no, tom qab peb lub hlis ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej, peb tau txhuam nws ib sab thiab, zoo tshaj plaws peb tuaj yeem ua tau, tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau peb cov keeb kwm Slavic Orthodox poob.
Cia siab tias peb pom txoj hauv kev no ua ke!
